Conceptual Architecture for Remotely Piloted Operation Mode in Commercial Aircraft

With the increasing civil aviation passengers and the rapid development of aviation logistics,the study on remotely piloted operation(RPO)mode has received extensive attention.RPO mode constructs the piloting decisionmaking mode which involves the tripartite collaboration among airborne automatic/autonomous system,remote ground-based crews and air traffic control.In this paper,we describe the organizing architecture for commercial remotely piloted aircraft(CRPA)system and its components.Compared with the current operation mode,the new air-ground collaborative decision-making mode has been established with six different situations based on the type of the flight and the condition of the remote pilot.Taking airport surface operation as an experimental example,we model the airport surface operation process and compare the advantages and disadvantages between RPO mode and the current dual-pilot mode from the perspectives of time and operation coverage,and draw conclusions that RPO mode can basically cover the flight operations of the dual-pilot,improve the accuracy of pilot operations and greatly reduce response time by 48%in pre-flight inspection.The above research would be the foundation for the RPO development of commercial aircraft in China.

Experimental Comparison of Direct and Indirect Haptic Aids in Support of Obstacle Avoidance for Remotely Piloted Vehicles

The sense of telepresence is known to be essential in teleoperation environments, where the operator is physically separated from the vehicle. Usually only a visual feedback is provided, but it has been shown that by extending the visual interface with haptic feedback, that is complementing the visual information through the sense of touch, the teleoperator has a better perception of information from the remote environment and its constraints. This paper focuses on a novel concept of haptic cueing for an airborne obstacle avoidance task; the novel cueing algorithm was designed to appear ＂natural＂ to the operator, and to improve the human-machine interface without directly acting on the actual aircraft commands. Two different haptic aiding concepts for obstacle avoidance support are presented： an existing and widely used system, belonging to what we called the Direct Haptic Aid （DItA） approach class, and a novel one based on the Indirect Haptic Aid （IHA） approach class. Tests with human operators show that a net improvement in terms of performance （i.e., the number of collisions） is provided by employing the 1HA haptic cue as compared to both the DHA haptic cue and/or the visual cues only. The results clearly show that the IHA philosophy is a valid alternative to the other commonly used approaches, which fall in the DHA category.

Trajectory optimization of aerial slung load release for piloted helicopters

This study aims to provide the pilot with optimal control time histories for stabilization of a helicopter after releasing the slung load in aerial delivery missions. A model with 21 degrees of freedom(21-DOF) has been developed and validated for a helicopter slung load system. The control history is generated with detailed procedure based on trajectory optimization. Effects of the objective function formulation on the results are discussed and rules are obtained to assist in the objective function determination. We conclude that the pilot should first decrease and then increase the collective control and adjust the longitudinal control to stabilize the helicopter after the in-hover slung load release. The obtained control history is reasonable and helpful for safety and efficiency improvement. Effects of path constraints and the Flight Control System(FCS) are studied. More stringent path constraints will lead to longer time spent and more controls. Stronger stiffness and weaker damping from the FCS will cause milder control histories but sharper on-axis state histories.

Connection-Free Transmission for Critical MTC

In this paper,a contention-based connection-free transmission scheme is proposed to meet the stringent requirements of ultra-reliability and low-latency for critical machine-type communication(cMTC).To improve reliability,we design multiple independent sparse orthogonal pilots(MISOP)to significantly reduce the probability of pilot collision to the order of 10^(−5).Besides,the advancements of massive MIMO(mMIMO)are exploited to further enhance the reliability.To achieve low latency,connection-free slot-based one-shot transmission without retransmissions is adopted.On the receiver side,single round of multi-user detection(MUD)without interference cancellation(IC)can reduce the processing delay.The imprecise synchronization between cMTC device and the gNB in connection-free transmission,e.g.,time and frequency offsets,are also considered.The simulation results shows that the proposed scheme can well satisfy the ambitious requirements of cMTC,and has the potential applications in supporting massive cMTC devices in 6G.

Design of integral sliding mode guidance law based on disturbance observer

With the increasing precision of guidance,the impact of autopilot dynamic characteristics and target maneuvering abilities on precision guidance is becoming more and more significant.In order to reduce or even eliminate the autopilot dynamic operation and the target maneuvering influence,this paper suggests a guidance system model involving a novel integral sliding mode guidance law(ISMGL).The method utilizes the dynamic characteristics and the impact angle,combined with a sliding mode surface scheme that includes the desired line-ofsight angle,line-of-sight angular rate,and second-order differential of the angular line-of-sight.At the same time,the evaluation scenario considere the target maneuvering in the system as the external disturbance,and the non-homogeneous disturbance observer estimate the target maneuvering as a compensation of the guidance command.The proposed system’s stability is proven based on the Lyapunov stability criterion.The simulations reveale that ISMGL effectively intercepted large maneuvering targets and present a smaller miss-distance compared with traditional linear sliding mode guidance laws and trajectory shaping guidance laws.Furthermore,ISMGL has a more accurate impact angle and fast convergence speed.

Channel estimation in integrated radar and communication systems with power amplifier distortion

To reduce the negative impact of the power amplifier(PA)nonlinear distortion caused by the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM)waveform with high peak-to-average power ratio(PAPR)in integrated radar and communication(RadCom)systems is studied,the channel estimation in passive sensing scenarios.Adaptive channel estimation methods are proposed based on different pilot patterns,considering nonlinear distortion and channel sparsity.The proposed methods achieve sparse channel results by manipulating the least squares(LS)frequency-domain channel estimation results to preserve the most significant taps.The decision-aided method is used to optimize the sparse channel results to reduce the effect of nonlinear distortion.Numerical results show that the channel estimation performance of the proposed methods is better than that of the conventional methods under different pilot patterns.In addition,the bit error rate performance in communication and passive radar detection performance show that the proposed methods have good comprehensive performance.

The"4+4"Medical Doctor(MD)Pilot Program at PUMC:Implementation,Performance,and Prospects

Peking Union Medical College(PUMC)launched the"4+4"Medical Doctor(MD)pilot program in 2018,admitting students with non-medical backgrounds from top universities,aligning with national medical talent training policies to foster diverse and eager learners in medicine.On the occasion of the graduation of the first class of the"4+4"MD pilot class at PUMC in 2023,we reviewed the teaching reform in the pilot program and carried out a systematic survey and interviews with students,faculties,and management staff of the pilot class.This article reports on the measures taken by the pilot class at PUMC in enrollment and curriculum setting,and demonstrates the achievements of the pilot class in terms of student academic background structure,knowledge acquisition and skill learning,scientific research ability,and course evaluation.The results indicated that the pilot class had met the national demand for the"Medicine+X"talent training model.More specifically,with a diverse academic backgrounds,the pilot class graduates had academic levels comparable to the eight-year medical education graduates,and their scientific research abilities were satisfactory.The pilot program at PUMC will optimize the curriculum setting,strengthen the construction of faculty,learning resources,and teaching facilities,and reform the academic evaluation methods,thus deepening the reform of medical education and improving the"4+4"MD program as a novel medical education model.

Exploration of Operation and Maintenance Management Mode and Innovation Mechanism of Pilot Base of Chemical Park

Based on the current situation of the operation and maintenance management of the pilot base in many chemical parks in China,this paper conducts an in-depth exploration of the operation and maintenance management and innovation mode of the pilot base from the aspects of the evaluation of the pilot project entering the park,safety and environmental protection supervision,pilot mode,and industrialization mode of the pilot test results,so as to provide solutions for accelerating the process and industrialization of the pilot project and realizing the innovation value of the pilot base.

Optimization of Enzymatic Extraction Process of Polysaccharides from Pseudostellaria heterophylla Fibrous Roots by Response Surface Methodology and Its Pilot Application

[Objectives]To study and optimize the process conditions of enzymatic hydrolysis technology for extracting polysaccharides from Pseudostellaria heterophylla fibrous roots and its application in workshop pilot tests.[Methods]P.heterophylla fibrous roots were taken as the matrix material,and Box Behnken design was used to analyze the extraction time,composite enzyme addition amount,and liquid-solid ratio for response surface optimization experiments,and then applied to the pilot extraction of P.heterophylla fibrous roots.[Results]Response surface analysis showed that all factors had a significant impact on the experimental indicators.The optimal extraction process conditions for polysaccharides from P.heterophylla fibrous roots were extraction time of 2.7 h,compound enzyme addition of 2.5%,and liquid-solid ratio of 32.The yield of polysaccharides from P.heterophylla fibrous roots was 4.83%.The water extraction process of P.heterophylla fibrous roots extraction pilot was used as the control group for response surface optimization of the pilot experiment.The optimization results showed that the extraction time was 3 h,the amount of composite enzyme added was 2.5%,and the liquid-solid ratio was 28.The polysaccharide yield was 4.75%,an increase of 4.63%compared to the control group.[Conclusions]This paper could provide feasibility for the innovation of enzy-matic hydrolysis technology for P.heterophylla fibrous roots and its workshop pilot practice application,as well as a reference for the industrial application of its medicinal resources.

The Tenth Anniversary of Free Trade Pilot Zones in China:Fundamental Experiences and Enhancement Strategies

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the country has established 21 Free Trade Pilot Zones(FTZs),achieving significant pioneering results in reform and opening up and creating a strong demonstrative effect nationwide.The basic experience from a decade of FTZs includes:adhering to the centralized and unified leadership of the CPC Central Committee;combining top-level design with encouragement of grassroots innovation;leveraging the distinct characteristics and strengths of FTZs to form a differentiated development pattern;maintaining the integration of opening up with domestic reforms;using openness to drive reforms;and organically combining openness with national security assurance.Under the current and future new circumstances,China’s FTZs face new challenges and tasks.In accordance with the directives of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,an enhancement strategy for the FTZs needs to be implemented.This involves the following:First,accurately understanding and responding to the changing situation to create strategic opportunities.Second,shifting paradigms to implement innovation-driven strategies,using the new development pattern concept to guide the reform experiments and construction of the FTZs.Third,granting more autonomy to FTZs for reforms,pursuing progress while maintaining stability,and solidly advancing the reform experiments in the FTZs.Fourth,orderly expanding the opening up of the service sector and cautiously advancing the internationalization of the renminbi.Fifth,promoting innovative development in trade to build a strong trade nation.Sixth,establishing synergy with bilateral FTZs,Belt and Road cooperation,and national diplomatic strategies to enhance the linkage effect.

Spreading Wings

Chinese company EHang leads the eVTOL industry to revolutionize transport,delivery,and emergency services.TWO accidents changed the direction of Hu Huazhi’s life.One was the death of a pilot friend who hit a power line while flying an aircraft to spray pesticide.The other was the death of his helicopter instructor during a mission.The two tragedies deeply affected Hu,today founder,president,and CEO of EHang,the autonomous aerial vehicle company based in Guangzhou,south China,and made him determined to develop a pilot-less aircraft that could carry passengers safely.In 2014,he founded EHang,which focuses on research and development of unmanned aerial vehicle systems and solutions.

Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes Following Cryotherapy, Thermal Ablation and Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure for Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Treatment: A Pilot Study among Zambian Women

Background: Cervical Intraepithelial neoplasia treatments have become essential interventions to manage cervical lesions. Majority of the recipients of these treatments are women within the reproductive age group, who according to literature may be at risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. This pilot study is part of a study investigating adverse pregnancy outcomes among women who received Cryotherapy, Thermal ablation and Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure compared to the untreated women in Zambia. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study analyzed records of 886 (n = 443 treated and n = 443 untreated) women aged 15 - 49 years. The women were either screened with Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid or treated for Cervical Intraepithelial neoplasia at the Adult Infectious Disease Centre between January 2010 and December 2020. Women meeting the criteria were identified using the Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid screening records and telephone interviews to obtain the adverse pregnancy outcome experienced. Data were analysed using STATA version 16 to determine the prevalence and obtain frequency distribution of outcomes of interest. Univariate and multivariable binary logistic regression estimated odds of adverse pregnancy outcomes across the three treatments. Results: The respondents were aged 15 to 49 years. Adverse pregnancy outcomes were observed to be more prevalent in the treatment group (18.5%) compared to the untreated group (5.4%). Normal pregnancy outcomes were lower in the treated (46.3%;n = 443) than the untreated (53.7%;n = 443). The treated group accounted for the majority of abortions (85.2%), prolonged labour (85.7%) and low birth weight (80%), whereas, the untreated accounted for the majority of still births (72.7%). Women treated with cryotherapy (aOR = 2.43, 95% CI = 1.32 - 4.49, p = 0.004), thermal ablation (aOR = 6.37, 95% CI = 0.99 - 41.2, p = 0.052) and Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (aOR = 9.67, 95% CI = 2.17 - 43.1, p = 0.003) had two-, six- and ten-times higher odds of adverse pregnancy outcomes respectively, relative to women who required no treatment. Conclusion: Adverse pregnancy outcomes are prevalent among women who have received treatment in Zambia. The findings indicate that treating Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia has been linked to higher chances of experiencing abortion, delivering low birth weight babies and enduring prolonged labor that may result in a caesarean section delivery. Cervical neoplasia treatments, particularly Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure, are associated with significantly increased odds of adverse pregnancy outcomes. It is essential to include information about prior Cervical Intraepithelial neoplasia treatment outcomes in obstetric care.

DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES EMPOWER XIZANG IN PURSUIT OF NEW QUALITY PRODUCTIVE FORCES

Agriculture is the pillar industry in Lhunzhub County,Xizang Autonomous Region.And Qabgar Township is one of the key grain production areas in the county.The year 2024 is especially promising for Qabgar's farmers as their field has been included in a pilot zone for smart agriculture.

Hazardous Attitude Factors Influence Risk Perception in General Aviation Pilots

This manuscript presents a research proposal to investigate how hazardous attitudes among general aviation pilots influence pilot performance in aviation accidents. General aviation pilots train to maintain safe flying conditions, but accidents still occur, and human factors figure prominently among the causes of aviation accidents. The levels of hazardous attitudes among pilots may influence the likelihood of engaging in risky flight behaviors that can lead to accidents. This quantitative study aims to determine whether dangerous attitudes impact risk perception in general aviation pilots. The study will focus on two specific hazardous attitudes, “Anti-Authority” and Macho” behaviors. Among the hazardous attitudes identified by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the two attitudes often stand out in accident investigations and pilot narratives. While all hazardous attitudes have inherent dangers, these two attitudes tend to be more frequently cited in accident reports and investigations. Despite rigorous training in safe flying conditions, general aviation accidents still transpire due to human factors. This research hypothesizes that the five attitudes from the hazardous attitude model, particularly Anti-Authority and Macho, significantly shape pilots’ risk perception. The insights from this study would benefit stakeholders, like the Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association (AOPA), Air Safety Institute, and aviation training programs, in creating training modules tailored to reduce such attitudes.

子午线轮胎静态接触特性分析与研究

采用ANSYS软件非线性分析技术,通过三维体单元、层单元和接触单元,建立了60系列的R15型子午线轮胎的三维有限元模型。根据相对运动的原理,使用Pilot节点控制刚性目标面压向轮胎,得到了在静态接触过程中轮胎各部位的形态变化、应力分布和接地区印迹分布,为进一步进行子午线轮胎的动态接触分析和结构优化设计奠定了基础。

Turbo Code Simulation in W-CDMA System

Turbo code has drawn more and more attractions for high data rate transmission these years especially in W CDMA and CDMA2000 of the third generation mobile communications systems. In this paper, the simulation performance of turbo code under Rayleigh fading channel and additive white Gaussian channels are depicted. Comparison with the performance of convolutional code are made respect to different parameters, such as pilot length, interleaver size, frame length, mobile velocity and data rate, etc. Faithful results are drawn out.

连续Pilot体制CDMA高速移动台自适应信道估计器

提出了连续Ｐｉｌｏｔ 信号体制ＣＤＭＡ系统中，高速移动台自适应信道估计的方法，它包括信道变化速率的检测和信道估计积分长度的自适应调整两个部分．仿真结果显示，该信道估计器有效拓展了移动台正常工作的运动速度范围，提高了ＲＡＫＥ接收机的适应性．

2D SIMPLIFIED SERVO VALVE

A novel pilot stage valve called simplified 2D valve, which utilizes bothrotary and linear motions of a single spool, is presented. The rotary motion of the spoolincorporating hydraulic resistance bridge, formed by a damper groove and a crescent overlap opening,is utilized as pilot to actuate linear motion of the spool. A criterion for stability is derivedfrom the linear analysis of the valve. Special experiments are designed to acquire the mechanicalstiffness, the pilot leakage and the step response. It is shown that the sectional size of thespiral groove affects the dynamic response and the stiffness contradictorily and is also verysensitive to the pilot leakage. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a balance between the staticand dynamic characteristics in deciding the structural parameters. Nevertheless, it is possible tosustain the dynamic response at a fairly high level, while keeping the leakage of the pilot stage atan acceptable level.

飞行员拉伸热身运动对飞行操作效能提升的探讨

目的探讨拉伸热身运动对飞行员飞行操作效能提升的作用。方法每次飞行前30min,由航医组织飞行员进行拉伸运动,每次约6-8min,对颈肩腰腿部肌肉和关节全面拉伸以达到飞行前热身的目的。发放调查问卷,了解拉伸运动后飞行员全身感觉及飞行操作效能的获益情况。结果每次拉伸结束后,36名飞行员,大部分感觉头脑更加清醒、精力充沛、反应灵敏、飞行操作更灵敏、精准。结论在飞行部队开展飞行前拉伸热身运动,在一定程度上提高了飞行操控效能,有利于更好完成军事任务。

略论我国中低技术产业发展的路径选择:兼评欧盟“低技术产业政策与创新”研究报告

在回顾中低技术产业相关研究成果的基础上,对欧盟"低技术产业政策与创新"(POLOT)研究最终报告做重点解读。同时,结合国内中低技术产业现状与发展要求,为进一步促进我国中低技术产业发展提出建议。