Simple Preparation of Spherical Activated Carbon with Mesoporous Structure from Phenolic Resol and Associated Catalytic Performance in Isobutane Dehydrogenation

This study provides a detailed report on the synthesis of spherical activated carbon with mesoporous structure using a soluble low molecular weight phenolic resol precursor through an ammonium alginate assisted sol–gel method. The effects of calcinating temperature and the addition of CaCO_3 as a pore-enlarging agent on texture structure and catalytic performance in isobutane dehydrogenation to isobutene were investigated. Characterization of N_2 sorption,mechanical strength tests,and optical photographs confirmed that the obtained carbon materials had high mechanical strength,a good degree of sphericity,and a large surface area. Introducing CaCO_3 as a pore-enlarging agent during the preparation process promoted the formation of a mesoporous structure of carbon spheres and evidently increased the surface area and oxygen content,which can improve isobutane conversion and isobutene selectivity of these carbon spheres. The conversion of isobutane reached up to 28% for this spherical activated carbon,and the selectivity of isobutene reached up to 96%. Isobutane conversion increased with an increase in calcination temperature due to an increase in the oxygen content,whereas the selectivity of isobutene decreased due to the slight decrease in the specific surface area.

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYMER-BASED SPHERICAL ACTIVATED CARBONS

A series of spherical activated carbons(SACs)with different pore structures were prepared from chloromethylated polydivinylbenzene by ZnCl_2 activation.The effects of activation temperature and retention time on the yield and textural properties of the resulting SACs were studied.All the SACs are generated with high yield of above 65% and exhibit relatively high mesopore fraction(me%)of 35.7%-43.6% compared with conventional activated carbons.The sample zlc28 prepared at 800℃for 2 h has the largest BET surf...

Adsorption of urea,creatinine,and uric acid from three solution types using spherical activated carbon and its recyclability

In this paper,we propose that the urinary toxins from the wastewater be adsorbed on an adsorbent such as spherical activated carbon and the latter be regenerated by subjecting it to high temperatures to recycle activated carbon and also to recycle the water used in dialysis.We studied the adsorption of artificial waste dialysate,which is a mixed solution of urea,creatinine,and uric acid,and the separate solutions for each of these and found that their extents of adsorption onto the spherical activated carbon material were nearly identical.The amount of adsorption was approximately 1.4 mg·g^−1 for urea,18 mg·g^−1 for creatinine,and 20 mg·g^−1 for uric acid.The urea,creatinine,and uric acid adsorbed onto the spherical activated carbon decomposed on heat treatment at 500℃,and the adsorption capacity of the spherical activated carbon was regenerated.Our study successfully demonstrated that the spherical activated carbon can be recycled in the waste dialysate treatment process.

Melamine Modification of Spherical Activated Carbon and Its Effects on Acetylene Hydrochlorination

Commercial spherical activated carbon（SAC） was modified by impregnation to enhance the catalytic properties of SAC in acetylene hydrochlorination through melamine modification. Different modification conditions for SAC with nitrogen were compared by changing the SAC-Melamine ratios. The effect of carbonization temperature on the modification was also investigated. Surface chemistry and adsorption properties of the modified and unmodified SACs were studied by scanning electron microscope（SEM）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）, elementary analysis, BET, and temperature-programmed desorption（TPD）. Moreover, the catalytic properties of SAC in acetylene hydrochlorination under differently modified conditions were also investigated. Elemental analysis showed that the nitrogen content of the modified SAC was greatly improved. XPS revealed that nitrogen mainly exists in Pyrrole nitrogen and Pyridine nitrogen. TPD showed that desorption of C2H2 was changed by modification. The conversion rate of acetylene was up to 70% under the following reaction conditions： temperature, 150 ℃; C2H2 hourly space velocity（GHSV）, 36 h-1; feed volume ratio V（HCl）/V（C2H2） = 1.15. The catalytic properties of SAC were improved significantly via melamine modification.

Development of covalent-organic frameworks derived hierarchical porous hollow carbon spheres based LiOH composites for thermochemical heat storage

Under the joint assistance of its excellent storage strength, accessible long storage lifespan, and high heat utilization efficiency, salt hydrate-based thermochemical heat storage(THS) materials give renewable energy an important outlet to alleviate the pressure of underutilization. Herein, an activated hollow spherical carbon(AHSC) with hierarchical porous architectures converted from covalent-organic frameworks(COFs) is constructed and utilized as the supporting matrix for Li OH.THS composite material for the first time. The obtained Li/AHSC_(3) composites have distinguished hydration performance while manifesting impressive storage ability up to 1916.4 k J kg^(-1)with low operating temperature stemming from the collective effect of the void spherical framework, multimodal porosity, and high surface area of AHSC3. And the Li/AHSC3-40 composite with evidently progressed thermal conductivity is capable of realizing 94.5% heat preservation after twenty-five adsorption-desorption cycles, exhibiting its eminent cyclability and great heat transfer performance. This study not only brings new hope for overcoming the underutilization of low-grade heat but also may enlighten new ideas for enriching the application scenarios of COFs-derived carbonaceous materials.

有机胺改性树脂基球形活性炭对二氧化碳的吸附行为

以球形结构的固废离子交换树脂为原料,经CO_(2)活化、酸洗处理制得具有较高比表面积和较大中孔孔容的树脂基球形活性炭(HRSAC),然后在其表面负载聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)制得吸附材料PEI-HRSAC。系统考察了PEI负载量和吸附温度对CO_(2)吸附性能的影响,结果表明,在活化温度为950℃、活化时间为1 h的最佳活化工艺条件下,所制得的树脂基球形活性炭经酸洗处理后其比表面积为1365 m^(2)/g,中孔孔容为2.04 cm^(3)/g,中孔孔径主要分布在10~40 nm;PEI-HRSAC吸附材料对CO_(2)的吸附性能随吸附温度和PEI负载量的升高先增大后减小;当PEI负载量为65%、吸附温度为75℃时,PEI-HRSAC吸附材料对CO_(2)的吸附量最高,约为4.09 mmol/g,在经过4次循环吸/脱附后吸附量仍保持在较高水平(3.66 mmol/g)。

一步炭化-活化法制备球形活性炭及其储氢性能研究

氢能是一种清洁高效的能源,但缺乏高效的氢气储运方式,因而制约了氢能产业的发展。以强酸性聚苯乙烯树脂为原料,KOH为活化剂,通过一步炭化-活化法制备了多孔树脂基球形活性炭,并对样品进行了表征和储氢性能研究。实验结果表明,KOH质量分数为30%、炭化温度为750℃时,制备的球形活性炭比表面积为2158m^(2)/g,总孔容为1.12cm^(3)/g。该样品综合储氢性能最优,在温度-196℃、压力1MPa条件下,质量储氢密度可达3.14%,体积储氢密度为11.47kg/m^(3)。

超级电容器用活性炭的研究进展

简述了超级电容器的工作原理和超级电容炭的市场情况,分析了植物类、石油焦类、树脂类不同原料制备电容炭(无定型粉末炭)的性能特点及制备工艺,介绍了煤焦油沥青基球形活性炭和煤液化沥青球形活性炭的研究进展,对比了无定型粉末活性炭与球形活性炭的性能优劣,最后对煤液化沥青球形活性炭用于超级电容器的优势及推广应用进行了展望。

不熔化沥青球在低速流化床中炭化和活化的初步研究

不熔化沥青球在低速流化床中炭化和活化的初步研究乔文明，王克温，凌立成，刘朗周承泽，王瑾，郑斌（中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所，太原０３０００１）（上海太平洋化工（集团）公司焦化总厂，２００２４１）关键词低速流化床，活化，炭化，球形活性炭由于球形活性炭，...

沥青基球状活性炭对胆红素吸附性能的初步研究

研究了三种具有不同孔径结构的沥青基球状活性炭对胆红素的吸附行为，结果表明三种沥青基球状活性炭对胆红素均具有较好的吸附性能，平衡吸附率达９０％以上。随沥青基球状活性炭中中孔含量的增加，其对胆红素吸附速度加快，达到吸附平衡的时间缩短；且对结合态胆红素的吸附量及吸附速度都较游离态低。

硝苯地平在球状活性炭中的吸附及缓释行为

采用球状活性炭作为硝苯地平药物载体,借助N2吸附仪表征了球状活性炭的比表面积和孔结构,利用SEM表征了球状活性炭的表面形貌,通过考察球状活性炭比表面积、孔隙结构与吸附性能和体外释放性能的关系,研究了球状活性炭对硝苯地平的吸附及缓释行为。结果表明:比表面积大、孔隙结构发达、孔径分布集中在2nm^5nm之间的中孔型活性炭,对硝苯地平的吸附能力较强,吸附量可达19.5mg/g;所制缓释微丸缓释效果良好,在接近人体胃液介质中累计释放率达到19.2%;球状活性炭对硝苯地平的释放动力学符合Higuchi模型,药物基本以恒定速率主动释放。

沥青基球状活性炭的医用性能评价

表征了沥青基球状活性炭的基本结构参数 (如比表面积、孔容量、球形度、强度、重金属含量等 ) ,测定了其对血液中典型中、小毒性分子的吸附性能 (肌酐和VB1 2 )和溶血反应率 ,分析了以沥青基球状活性炭为吸附剂的人工炭肾的微粒释放量、热源和细菌含量 ,并进行临床试验。结果表明 :沥青基球状活性炭球形度好 ,强度高 ,具有良好的广谱吸附性能 ,对血液中典型的中、小毒性分子吸附能力强 ,重金属含量低 ,溶血率低 ,微粒释放量少 ,无热源、无菌 ,血液灌流临床试验效果满意 。

沥青基球形活性炭对CO_2的吸脱附行为研究

考察了沥青基球形活性炭(PSAC)的孔结构与CO2吸附容量间的内在关系及其脱附性能.采用N2吸附法分析PSAC的孔结构,由穿透曲线测试其对CO2的平衡吸附量.实验结果表明:在CO2/N2混合气氛下,活性炭对CO2的吸附容量与孔径小于1nm的微孔比表面积呈线性关系;当PSAC担载5%的三聚氰胺后,对CO2(15%)的平衡吸附量由0.91mmol/g增加到1.15mmol/g,提高了26.3%;采用抽真空脱附时,循环脱附效率为74.6%,而电解吸-抽真空耦合脱附工艺可使CO2的循环脱附效率接近100%.

球状活性炭对几类中药有效成分的吸附性能研究

目的 研究球状活性炭对几类中药成分的静态吸附性能 ,探讨其应用于中药精制的可行性。方法 对适宜的高分子树脂进行炭化、活化处理 ,制备球状活性炭。测定静态吸附条件下球状活性炭对目标成分的吸附等温线 ,并运用 L angmuir单层分子吸附模型对实验数据进行计算机拟合 ,求出实验条件下吸附剂的表观吸附容量和平衡状态下的理论吸附容量。同时考察 75 %乙醇溶液的洗脱效果。结果 球状活性炭对盐酸小檗碱和薯蓣皂苷的表观吸附容量以干基计分别为 35 .4 6 ,4 7.12 mg/ g,相应的理论平衡吸附容量为 96 .16 ,10 2 .0 4 mg/ g,对芦丁的表观吸附量也达到 4 0 .88mg/ g。3种成分的静态洗脱率分别为 83.71% ,91.4 5 %和 87.6 9%。结论 球状活性炭对生物碱、黄酮和皂苷类物质有良好的吸附与洗脱性能 ,适于在中药精制纯化中推广应用。

沥青基球状活性炭对几种生理分子的吸附性能

考察了具有不同BET比表面积及不同孔结构的沥青基球状活性炭(PSAC)对溶液中尿毒症分子肌酐、有益分子α-淀粉酶和脂肪酶的吸附行为,测定了PSAC对肌酐的吸附等温线及吸附速度曲线,并根据Freundlich等温线方程对肌酐吸附等温线数据进行处理,检验了实验数据与方程的吻合度,确定了方程参数。结果表明PSAC对α-淀粉酶及脂肪酶吸附选择性差,对肌酐的吸附选择性好。PSAC对肌酐分子的吸附平衡容量取决于溶液浓度、孔径和比表面积;吸附速率随孔径增大而增加。PSAC对α-淀粉酶及脂肪酶的吸附选择性取决于PSAC的孔结构,孔越大吸附选择性越好。因此,评价PSAC吸附性能时需要考虑比表面积、孔结构及吸附质分子的特性。

SO_2在球状活性炭上的吸附转化研究

研究了不同比表面积的沥青基球状活性炭（ＰＳＡＣ）在Ｏ２和Ｈ２Ｏ存在下脱除ＳＯ２的能力．结果表明，比表面积较大的ＰＳＡＣ具有较强的脱除ＳＯ２能力．在本实验条件下，三种不同比表面积的ＰＳＡＣ对ＳＯ２及ＳＯ２＋Ｏ２的吸附量无明显区别，但对Ｈ２Ｏ的吸附量随比表面积增大而增大，与样品的脱硫活性随比表面积增大的变化规律相一致，表明较多的水有利于ＳＯ２的脱除．这可归因于水既有利于样品活性部位上的ＳＯｘ转化成Ｈ２ＳＯ４，又能洗脱所生成的Ｈ２ＳＯ４，减少活性位上的Ｈ２ＳＯ４量。

沥青基球形活性炭的制备及其应用进展

沥青基球形活性炭是一种物理性能和吸附性能优异的新型炭材料。概述了沥青基球形活性炭的制备工艺,重点介绍并比较了沥青球的几种制备方法及球形活性炭的应用进展。

沥青基球状活性炭对肌酐及维生素B_(12)吸附行为的研究

研究了具有不同比表面积及孔结构特征的沥青基球状活性炭对水溶液中肌酐及维生素Ｂ１２（简称ＶＢ１２）的吸附行为。结果表明，随沥青基球状活性炭比表面积的增大，沥青基球状活性炭对肌酐及ＶＢ１２的吸附能力均有增大的趋势；但在具有相近比表面积的沥青基球状活性炭中，微孔含量高者对肌酐吸附有利。

树脂基球状活性炭的制备及对二氧化碳吸附性能的研究

以四种离子交换树脂(两种强碱性树脂D201和D280、两种弱碱性树脂D301G和D301R)为原料,经过磺化、炭化、活化处理制备了树脂基球状活性炭。采用TG、SEM、N2吸附等对球状活性炭的收率、表面形貌、比表面积进行了表征,研究了所制球状活性炭对CO2的吸附性能。结果表明,磺化处理有助提高树脂球的炭化收率;得到的四种球状活性炭对CO2吸附性能良好,强碱性树脂球原料比弱碱性树脂球更具有优势,其中,由强碱性树脂球D201制得的树脂球状活性炭在30℃下对CO2的吸附量可达2.57 mmol/g;十次循环吸附之后,树脂球仍能保持很好的CO2吸附性能。

载铜球形活性炭的制备及其吸附脱硫性能的研究

以122型弱酸性酚醛系阳离子交换树脂为炭前驱体,经过Cu2+交换、炭化和CO2活化等过程制备得到负载金属铜的球形活性炭,对其进行了SEM、XRD、AAS和BET表征,采用动态吸附实验研究了其对模拟汽油中噻吩类硫化物的吸附性能,并且考察了甲苯和环己烯对其吸附性能的影响,对吸附脱硫机理进行了初步研究。结果表明,载铜球形活性炭上Cu以单质形态存在,并主要与硫原子产生配位作用,提高了对噻吩类硫化物的吸附性能,对噻吩(T)、3-甲基噻吩(MT)、2,5-二甲基噻吩(DMT)和苯并噻吩(BT)的饱和硫容依次为0.938、1.230、1.581和3.744 mg/g,吸附选择性依次为T<MT<DMT<BT。模拟汽油中加入甲苯和环己烯后,饱和硫容分别下降了77%和56%,这是甲苯和环己烯通过π电子与Cu发生作用,从而与硫化物产生竞争吸附导致的。