On traceable iterated line graph and hamiltonian path index

Xiong and Liu[21]gave a characterization of the graphs G for which the n-iterated line graph L^(n)(G)is hamiltonian,for n≥2.In this paper,we study the existence of a hamiltonian path in L^(n)(G),and give a characterization of G for which L^(n)(G)has a hamiltonian path.As applications,we use this characterization to give several upper bounds on the hamiltonian path index of a graph.

Combined Selection Index for New Yorkshire Dam Line with High Prolificacy

The combined selection index used in the breeding of new Yorkshire dam line with high prolificacy according to breeding objects was formulated as /：2.272E- BVNB-0.056EBVDAYS. After 5 generations breeding, the two main selected traits such as total number of born and age at 100 kg weight was 12.17 piglets/litter and 165.18 d, respectively. The genetic improvements per generates was 0.156 and -2.198, respec- tively. The breeding objects of the new Yorkshire dam line with high prolificacy were basically reached. It indicated that the methods and index could be used in pig breeding.

Research on Evaluating Index of Lightning Protection Safety Performance of High Voltage Overhead Transmission Line

In order to improve the lightning protection performance of transmission lines, lightning protection management has been divided into every tower that lightning protection performance has been evaluated respectively. According to factors such as landform, span, tower type, grounding resistance, isolator type, and so on, relative ratio of tripping operation of every tower in the line has been calculated to evaluate its lightning protection safety performance, it is beneficial to operation maintenance and lightning reconstruction of transmission lines.

A new class of negative refractive index transmission line

We propose a new class of negative refractive index transmission line in which ideal operational amplifiers are applied to form the periodically loaded negative-impedance-converted inductors and capacitors. The phase response of the new trans-mission line is opposite to that of a positive refractive index conventional transmission line. Unlike the existing negative refractive index transmission line,the new negative refractive index transmission line is non-dispersive and thus can lead to many novel applications such as designing new broadband devices.

Expanding the Definition and Measurement of Knowledge Economy： Integrating Triple Bottom Line Factors into Knowledge Economy Index Models and Methodologies

The application of knowledge is a primary source of growth in the knowledge economy. The World Bank Group has developed a rigorous assessment methodology for assessing a country＇s ability to access and use knowledge to become more competitive in the knowledge economy of the 21st century. The World Bank＇s annual knowledge economy index is grounded on a four-pillar model： （1） economic incentives and institutional regime; （2） education and skills; （3） information and communication infrastructure; and （4） innovation systems. An argument can be made that the model lacks coverage of some key factors that pertain to intellectual capital and the production and consumption of knowledge. The model＇s heavy focus on economic incentives and open institutional regimes comes at a societal cost. This paper proposes an alternative knowledge economy index which is grounded in a more holistic and balanced view of a knowledge society. Adopting the perspective of triple bottom line shifts the purpose and design of a knowledge economy from one of aggregation and reporting to action and involvement. The World Bank＇s scorecard and indexing methodology are adaptable to this new perspective and a new set of indicators.

Wider frequency domain for negative refraction index in a quantized composite right–left handed transmission line

The refraction index of the quantized lossy composite right-left handed transmission line（CRLH-TL） is deduced in the thermal coherence state. The results show that the negative refraction index（herein the left-handedness） can be implemented by the electric circuit dissipative factors（i.e., the resistances R and conductances G） in a higher frequency band（1.446 GHz≤ ω ≤ 15 GHz）, and flexibly adjusted by the left-handed circuit components（Cl, Ll） and the right-handed circuit components（Cr, Lr） at a lower frequency（ω = 0.995 GHz）. The flexible adjustment for left-handedness in a wider bandwidth will be significant for the microscale circuit design of the CRLH-TL and may make the theoretical preparation for its compact applications.

Science Letters:Lattice type transmission line of negative refractive index

In this letter,we introduce a novel passive transmission line of negative refractive index(i.e.,left-handedness)based on identical symmetrical lattice type structures thus called "lattice type transmission line"(LT-TL).The dispersion characteristic and the transmission response of the proposed LT-TL are analyzed.While all the other left-handed passive transmission lines are of high pass,the present passive left-handed transmission line is of low pass.Compared with a conventional transmission line,the LT-TL has a phase shift of 180° in the entire wide pass-band.

Machine Learning for Hybrid Line Stability Ranking Index in Polynomial Load Modeling under Contingency Conditions

In the conventional technique,in the evaluation of the severity index,clustering and loading suffer from more iteration leading to more com-putational delay.Hence this research article identifies,a novel progression for fast predicting the severity of the line and clustering by incorporating machine learning aspects.The polynomial load modelling or ZIP(constant impedances(Z),Constant Current(I)and Constant active power(P))is developed in the IEEE-14 and Indian 118 bus systems considered for analysis of power system security.The process of finding the severity of the line using a Hybrid Line Stability Ranking Index(HLSRI)is used for assisting the concepts of machine learning with J48 algorithm,infers the superior affected lines by adopting the IEEE standards in concern to be compensated in maintaining the power system stability.The simulation is performed in the WEKA environment and deals with the supervisor learning in order based on severity to ensure the safety of power system.The Unified Power Flow Controller(UPFC),facts devices for the purpose of compensating the losses by maintaining the voltage characteristics.The finite element analysis findings are compared with the existing procedures and numerical equations for authentications.

Using Narrow Line-Width Laser to Measure the Thickness and Refractive Index of the Film

We demonstrate applications of a novel setup which is used for measuring the relative phase difference between S and P polarization at an oblique incidence point in optically denser medium by analyzing the relative frequency shift of adjacent axial modes of S and P resonances of a monolithic folded Fabry-Perot cavity (MFC). The relative phase difference at a reflection point A in an optically denser medium is inferred to be around -167.4° for a confocal cavity and -201.1° for a parallel cavity. Given the n1, n3, φ1, φ3, λ, and Δ, the elliptic formula tan(ψ)exp(iΔ) = Rp/Rs is used to find a solution for thickness d and refractive index n2 of the thin film coated on point A, where Rs and Rp are total refractive index of s and p component of light related to two unknown values. Since it is hard to deduce an analytical solution for thickness and refractive index of the film, we firstly used exhaustion method to find the set of solution about thickness and refractive index when assumed there is no light absorption by the film and then Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to find a set of solution of thickness and complex refractive index which accounts the light absorption by the film.

Comparison of Remolded Shear Strength with Intrinsic Strength Line for Dredged Deposits

Chandler proposed the intrinsic strength line to correlate the undrained shear strength of samples one-dimensionally consolidated from slurry with the void index proposed by Burland. The undrained shear strength on the intrinsic strength line is different from the remolded undrained shear strength that is an important parameter for design and construction of land reclamation. The void index is used in this study for normalizing the remolded strength behavior of dredged deposits. A quantitative relationship between remolded undrained shear strength and void index is established based on extensive data of dredged deposits available from sources of literature. Furthermore, the normalized remolded undrained shear strength is compared with intrinsic strength line. The comparison result indicates that the ratio of undrained shear strength on the intrinsic strength line over remolded undrained shear strength increases with an increase in applied consolidated stress.

Extraction of vegetation fraction information from CBERS images based on VBSI vegetation index in Kaixian county

Based on the mixed pixel model, the vegetation fraction of Kaixian county, China, was extracted with three free CBERS images. VBSI vegetation index suitable for CBERS images constructed with FCD (forest canopy density) model principle was put forward by ITTO (International Tropical Timber Organization) was used, considering the underestimation of vegetation fraction using NDVI in low mountain-hill region influenced by soils and shadows. And vegetation fraction was divided into five categories from low to high in order to study the special variation of vegetation cover. The results show that the vegetation cover of the region is overall good, with an average of 50%. The area of vegetation fraction below 30% accounts for 11.7% of the entire studied area, mainly concentrates in central eastern Kaixian county, where is the major development zone of cities and towns; that between 30% and 60% accounts for 62%; and that higher than 60% accounts for 26%, and mostly locates in northern middle-mountain area.

Research on Energy Efficiency Design Index for Sea-going LNG Carriers

This paper describes the characteristics of liquefied natural gas （LNG） carriers briefly. The LNG carrier includes power plant selection, vapor treatment, liquid cargo tank type, etc. Two parameters fuel substitution rate and recovery of boil of gas （BOG） volume to energy efficiency design index （EEDI） formula are added, and EEDI formula of LNG carriers is established based on ship EEDI formula. Then, based on steam turbine propulsion device of LNG carriers, mathematical models of LNG carriers＇ reference line value are established in this paper. By verification, the EEDI formula of LNG carriers described in this paper can provide a reference for LNG carrier EEDI calculation and green shipbuilding.

Degree sum conditions for hamiltonian index

In this note,we show a sharp lower bound of min{Σ_(i=1)^(k)dG(u_(i)):u1u2...uk is a path of(2-)connected G}on its order such that(k-1)-iterated line graphs L^(k-1)(G)are hamiltonian.

Research on Distance Judgement Method from Point to Line to Generate a Line

Regarding the problem that the traditional straight-line generating has a low accuracy, we study straightline generating with the distance of point to line. We explore generating a line to approximate the ideal line and the issue is to pick out the pixel point of approximating the ideal line. The paper plays a significant scientific role in elucidating linear optimization norm and it lays a foundation for showing a straight line. The algorithm is valuable for computer graphics.

On the Supereulerian Index of a Graph

Two methods for determining the supereulerian index of a graph G are given. A sharp upper bound and a sharp lower bound on the supereulerian index by studying the branch bonds of G are got.

A variation pixels identification method based on kernel spatial attraction model and local entropy for robust endmember extraction

A variation pixels identification method was proposed aiming at depressing the effect of variation pixels, which dilates the theoretical hyperspectral data simplex and misguides volume evaluation of the simplex. With integration of both spatial and spectral information, this method quantitatively defines a variation index for every pixel. The variation index is proportional to pixels local entropy but inversely proportional to pixels kernel spatial attraction. The number of pixels removed was modulated by an artificial threshold factor α. Two real hyperspectral data sets were employed to examine the endmember extraction results. The reconstruction errors of preprocessing data as opposed to the result of original data were compared. The experimental results show that the number of distinct endmembers extracted has increased and the reconstruction error is greatly reduced. 100% is an optional value for the threshold factor α when dealing with no prior knowledge hyperspectral data.

POSITIVE SOLUTIONS FOR SINGULAR BVPs ON THE POSITIVE HALF-LINE ARISING FROM EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMBUSTION THEORY

In this work, we are concerned with the existence and multiplicity of positive solutions for singular boundary value problems on the half-line. Two problems from epi- demiology and combustion theory set on the positive half-line are investigated upper and lower solution techniques combined with fixed point index on cones in priate Banach spaces. The results complement recent ones in the literature. We use appropriate Banach spaces. The results complement recent ones in the literature.