From Research on TCM Images to Historiography of TCM Images——Comments on History of Chinese Image Culture:Medical Image Volume

1 Introduction.Chinese medicine has a long and rich history,dating back to the classics of the Qin and Han dynasties and extending to the integration of Chinese and Western medicine in the modern era.The vast amount of literature and scholarly works in this field makes it essential to thoroughly study the history of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)in order to understand its development path throughout the ages and boost innovation based on tradition.This is why the sages emphasized the importance of“classifying the works into different schools and tracing back to their origins”(辨章学术,考镜源流).

Renovation of Urban Green Space Based on Regeneration of Historical Place——A Case Study of Jianqiao Historical Block in Hangzhou

The protected historical blocks always fail to undertake some necessary functions of modern cities because they inherit texture and skyline of historical spaces,and also traditional building density,so these blocks lack in popularity and fall into rigid display of folk customs.In view of the contradiction between protection and vitality,this study proposes the concept of"intergrowth between underground space and urban block"on the basis of theoretic researches and construction practices,aims at renovating urban public green spaces by following the principle of regeneration of place,so as to improve and make up modern urban functions of historical blocks,stimulate vitality of the community,provide an effective solution to the development of new cities and renovation of old cities.

On the Historiographical Reform of General History of Chinese Science and Technologyin the Post-Needham Era

The research of General History of Chinese Science and Technology(GHCST) has so far failed to transcend the"positivist history", a program of historiography initiated by Joseph Needham. The historians after Needham have made important explorations on the historiographical reform of GHCST. However, nearly all of these explorations are still the methodological reflections of the positivist history perspective, failing to reflect metaphysically on such historiographical presuppositions as views of science, technology and history, which means they have failed to break away from the positivist history perspective. To go beyond the limitations of positivist history calls for the introduction of the perspective of phenomenology of body and reflecting on and criticizing the historiographical presuppositions of positivist history on a metaphysical level. Such reflection will lead us to a new program of historiography in the post-Needham era, that is"phenomenal history"or the GHCST from the perspective of the phenomenology of body.

Emplacement and Evolution History of Pegmatites and Hydrothermal Deposits, Matale District, Sri Lanka

Excellent outcrops in Matale Sri Lanka provide unique insight into the emplacement and evolution history of hydrothermal and pegmatitic rocks in the central highlands of Sri Lanka. Field, structural, petrological, thermo-barometric studies in the metamorphic basement rocks in the central highlands and related hydrothermal deposits are presented in this study. Detailed petrographic and mineralogical data reveal peak metamorphic conditions for the crustal unit in the study area as 854 ± 44oC at 10.83 ± 0.86 kbar. Hydrothermal veins consisting of quartz and mica are closely related to cross-cutting pegmatites, which significantly post-date the peak metamorphic conditions of the crustal unit. Field relations indicate that the veins originated as ductile-brittle fractures have subsequently sealed by pegmatites and hydrothermal crystallization. Geological, textural and mineralogical data suggest that most enriched hydrothermal veins have evolved from a fractionated granitic melt progressively enriched in H2O, F, etc. Quartz, K-feldspar, mica, tourmaline, fluorite and topaz bear evidence of multistage crystallization that alternated with episodes of resorption. It was suggested that the level of emplacement of pegmatites of the Matale District was middle crust, near the crustal scale brittle-ductile transition zone at a temperature of about 600oC. For this crustal level and temperature range, it is considered very unlikely that intruding pegmatitic melts followed pre-existing cracks. As such the emplacement temperatures of the pegmatites could be well below the peak metamorphic estimates in the mafic granulites. The metamorphic P-T strategy and position of formation of hydrothermal deposits and pegmatites is summarized in the modified P-T-t-D diagrams.

Research on Chinese Medical History from a Global Perspective:Theory,Method,and Historical Materials

1 Research on the History of Chinese Medicine The years 2020 to 2023 are etched in stone for most of the world’s population,an era to feel the world with the body’s sense of pain,a prevail for a time knowledge of the pandemic,and a time when physical responses will decide politics.Since the COVID-19 outbreak in 2020,academic exchanges between countries have been hampered;there are signs that globalization is getting to an end.

A Concise History of Islamic Medicine: An Introduction to the Origins of Medicine in Islamic Civilization, Its Impact on the Evolution of Global Medicine, and Its Place in the Medical World Today

The practice of medicine in Muslim nations dates to the millennia before the advent of the religion of Islam. As far as the pre-Islamic period is concerned, what evidence is available indicates the medical evolution began nearly 6000 years ago in Mesopotamia, where medicine for the first time in history became a recognised profession. In ancient Egypt, it was practised by priest-physicians who demonstrated astonishing knowledge in various medical subjects. The origins of medicine in ancient Persia (Afghanistan, Iran, and parts of Central Asia) span the 6th century B.C. and to the Zoroastrian religious book of Avesta, which delved into such topics as preventive and clinical medicine. In reference to the account of medicine in the Arab peninsula, limited information exists. In terms of post-Islamic ages, the foundations of Islamic science were laid during the reign of the second Abbasid Caliph, al-Mansur, and the establishment of Baghdad as its capital in 762 A.D., when the Arabic translation movement commenced. During the next six centuries, medicine and other fields of science flourished, and prominent physicians such as the Bukht Yishu family, Razī, Majūsī, Avicenna, Jorjanī, Al-Zahrāwī, and other scientists emerged. In both the pre- and post-Islamic ages, Islamic medicine was heavily influenced by Mesopotamian, Egyptian, Persian, Indian, and, predominantly, Greek medicine. Nevertheless, the advancements and innovations in medical science and healthcare systems that were achieved during the early and medieval Islamic ages have indubitably made an invaluable contribution to the evolution of medicine throughout the world, and to the invention of numerous procedures and practices which are still widely performed today. Hence, the value of comprehending the pivotal role Islamic medicine played (and indeed still plays) in the progression of medical practice across the globe cannot be overstated.

When History Becomes A Standing Joke：Mo Yan＇s Reflection on China＇s Historical Changes Throughout the 20th Century

Since the end of the 20th century, Mo Yan has made an attempt to reflect on China＇s historical changes throughout the 20th century as a whole. Centered on such several novels as Big Breasts and Wide Hips, Life and Death Are Wearing Me Out and Frog, this paper explores the author＇s thinking of the interruption and repetition phenomena in China＇s 20th century history. Differing from viewing the history in a modem linear progressive perspective, Mo Yan regards the interruption of history as a sign of human degradation, which derives from the loss of folk history subjectivity. When history is treated rudely, its repetition will occur, and the one who treats history as laughingstocks will be written into history as part of a ＂farce＂.

Historicity of Texts and Textuality of History On The Virginian From the Perspective of New Historicism

The Virginian： A Horseman of the Plains （1902） has been considered as one of the masterpieces of American western novels for its successful depiction of cowboys and local customs, which earns Owen Wister the Father of Western fiction. The paper aims to reveal the relationship between The Virginian and its historical context by applying the doctrines of New Historicism： historicity of texts and textuality of history. By historicity of texts, it points out that the work is the emblem of disappearance of western frontier, and it symbolizes the union of the Wild West and the civilized east. By textuality of history, it detects the change of social class, the development of livestock industry and railway, and their influence on the work at the later part of 19th century.

Inheritance of Historical Block Context Based on the Theory of Place Spirit:A Case Study of Nanjing Confucius Temple Historic Block

In the context of“stock planning”,the conservation planning of historic blocks and features has become one of the important issues in recent years,which is also of great significance for the regeneration of architectural heritage value.Based on the theoretical support of Norberg Schulz’s“place spirit”,this paper takes Nanjing Confucius Temple Historic Block as an example to interpret the application of“place spirit”in the protection and renewal of historic block and the inheritance strategy of historical block context.

The Place of History and Culture in the Leadership Style on the Development of Nigeria

Since the amalgamation of the Northern and Southern Protectorates of Nigeria by Sir Lord Lugard, a former Colonial Master, in 1914, the country has not remain the same, because of historical/cultural differences of both Protectorates, that tends to affect the unity and leadership style of the country. This is because both sides of the country see themselves as strange bed fellows, as regards governance style and approach to issues of development, in most occasions. Various crisis across time in the country, can also be traced to the historical and cultural differences, amongst others, that exist between both sides of the country. To a large extent, affect the utilization of resources for development in the country by the various leaders that occupy positions of leadership. The main source of data for this study was through the Desk Study （DS） method, coupled with the Focus Group Discussion （FGD）. Interview of this, this paper critically looked at the effect of history and culture in the leadership style and development of the country.

The Crisis of Historicism and the Correlation Between Nationalism and Neo-Kantian Philosophy of History in the Interwar Period

Recent historiographic studies of cultural exchanges between Germany and Greece in the 19th and 20th centuries have tended to neglect the mutual influence of the two countries＇ intellectuals; as a result, there is insufficient appreciation of the extent to which historiography and philosophy were appropriated by the politics of the Interwar period. This article focuses on attempts by neo-Kantian philosophers to overcome the crisis of historicism, and on the impact of this crisis on Greek intellectuals＇ perceptions of historicism. The study shows that at the time historicism invoked the past to solve the problems of the present. My purpose is to show that in a time of crisis, Germany＇s pursuit of its Greekness in conformity with the Bildung tradition, and Greece＇s cultural dependence on Germany in the meaning-making of its own Greekness, shared common ground in the ideological uses of philosophy and history in the service of politics and the politics of culture. In the aftermath of WWI, German scholars raised the issue of the crisis of historicism. Neo-Kantian philosophers such as Heinrich Rickert, whose theory had a major impact on Greek intellectuals, became involved in this debate, posing the question of historical objectivity. Yet Rickert＇s philosophy of history soon fell into an impasse, leading to the rise of an idealist philosophy of history in the 1930s that committed itself anew to the dominant politics. In the 1930s, under the guise of idealism, Greek neo-Kantian intellectuals were claiming an objective historical narrative of the traumatic experience from 1922 onwards, which fit into the structure of an idealized ahistorical and mythic past, and which, as a hegemonic discourse, excluded its political enemies and propagandized the political struggle towards the fulfillment of the nation＇s historical and spiritual mission.

The Application of Historical Materials Teaching Method in High School History Class

In the new curriculum reform, historical materials teaching method is becoming more and more important in middle school history teaching. This article is the analysis of materials in two aspects. This paper analyzes the practical signi??cance of historical materials teaching, and points out the problems that should be paid attention to in the teaching of historical materials. Through the analysis of some teaching cases, it can provide practical experience for the better use of historical materials in the later period.

Linguistic landscape and its impacts on place-making in mountain destination:A case of Mogan Mountain Town of Huzhou City,China

The place and placeness are believed to be a crucial perspective for comprehending the transformative dynamics of tourist destinations in the context of globalization and the rapid development of the tourism industry.As the material carrier of language,linguistic landscape is an intermediary for people to endow emotions and personalities into the place,becoming an effective path for exploring the place-making in a certain area.Mogan Mountain is a famous national tourist resort,which is located in Mogan Mountain Town,Deqing County,Huzhou City,China.This is a good case area for studying the relationship between linguistic landscape and placemaking in tourist destinations.There are two theories that form the theoretical foundation of the study,namely the place and the geosemiotics.Firstly,the results showed the overall style of the linguistic landscape.Multilingual labelling(52.7%),official signs(55.3%),and standardized Chinese characters predominantly shaped the linguistic landscape,with English and other languages being complementary.Secondly,from the perspective of three dimensions of the geosemiotics framework,such as inscription,language preference,and placement position,we conduct a comprehensive semiotic analysis of the linguistic landscape,which encompasses diverse facets such as fonts,materials,shifts in state,text vectors,and symmetrical arrangements.Finally,we explore the influence of linguistic landscapes on the place-making of Mogan Mountain through the dimensions of location,locale,and sense of place.The information on linguistic landscapes indicates the geographical location.These linguistic landscapes play an important role in constructing the language order,nostalgic atmosphere,exotic atmosphere,and elegant and tasteful lifestyle of the public space in Mogan Mountain.Readers of linguistic landscapes,including tourists and residents,generate and identify with the unique sense of place in Mogan Mountain.These linguistic landscapes construct the destination placeness of Mogan Mountain that combines both foreign and nostalgic styles,and the integration of Chinese and Western cultures.It will help promote the image positioning of tourism destinations and have practical guiding significance for the tourism planning,landscape-making,language management,and other aspects of tourism destinations.

Comparison of brain functions between healthy participants and methamphetamine users with various addiction histories:Data analysis based on EEG and fNIRS

The electroencephalogram(EEG)rhythm and functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)activation levels have not been compared between a healthy control group(HCG)and methamphetamine user group(MUG)with different addiction histories.This study used 64-electrode EEG and fNIRS to conduct an experiment that analyzed the resting and craving states.The EEG and fNIRS data of 56 participants were collected,including 14 healthy participants,14 methamphetamine users with an addiction history of 0.5–5 years,14 users with an addiction history of 5–10 years,and 14 users with an addiction history of 10–15 years.Isolated effective coherence(iCoh)within the brain network was used to process the EEG data.Statistical analysis was performed to compare differences in iCoh among the delta,theta,alpha,beta,and gamma bands and explore oxyhemoglobin activation levels in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex,dorsolateral prefrontal cortex,orbitofrontal cortex,and frontopolar prefrontal cortex(FPC)of the control group.Finally,the Kmeans,Gaussian mixed model(GMM),linear discriminant analysis(LDA),support vector machine(SVM),Bayes,and convolutional neural networks(CNN)algorithms were used to classify methamphetamine users based on drug and neutral images.A 3-class accuracy was achieved.Changes in EEG and fNIRS activation levels of HCG and MUG with varied addiction histories were demonstrated.

Editorial Commentary:The History of Controlling and Treating Infectious Diseases in Ancient China

I recently read the article by LIU et all entitled The History of Controlling and Treating Infectious Diseases in Ancient China with great interest.The paper comprehensively summarizes ancient Chinese approaches to combat epidemics,elucidating them through the lens of three key elements of infectious diseases.Summarizing thousands of years of records detailing major infectious disease occurrences across various dynasties is no small feat.

Correlation of personality with individual reproductive success in shrub-nesting birds depends on their life history style

Two questions in the research of animal personality—whether there is a correlation between a personality trait and individual reproductive success,and what is the genetic basis underlying a personality trait—remain unresolved.We addressed these two questions in three shrub-nesting birds,the Azure-winged Magpie(Cyanopica cyanus,AM),White-collared Blackbird(Turdus albocinctus,WB),and Brown-cheeked Laughingthrush(Trochalopteron henrici,BL).The personality type of an individual was first identified according to its response to a territorial intruder.Then,we compared the fleeing distance,breeding parameters,and differential expressed genes(DEGs) in the brain transcriptome between bold and shy breeders.In the three species,bold breeders exhibited more aggressiveness towards an intruder of their territory than did shy breeders.The reproductive success of bold breeders was significantly higher than that of shy breeders in AM but not in WB and BL.The three species shared one DEG,crabp1,which was up-regulated in bold relative to in shy individuals.By regulating the expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone,higher crabp1 gene expression can decrease cellular response to retinoic acid.Therefore,bold individuals are insensitive to external stresses and able to exhibit more aggressiveness to intruders than their shier counterparts.Aggressiveness is beneficial to bold individuals in AM but not in WB and BL because the former could evoke neighbors to make the same response of defending against intruders but the latter could not.Although a personality trait may have the same genetic basis across species,its correlation with reproductive success depends largely on the life history style of a species.

Across two phylogeographic breaks: Quaternary evolutionary history of a mountain aspen (Populus rotundifolia) in the Hengduan Mountains

Biogeographical barriers to gene flow are central to plant phylogeography.In East Asia,plant distribution is greatly influenced by two phylogeographic breaks,the Mekong-Salween Divide and Tanaka-Kaiyong Line,however,few studies have investigated how these barriers affect the genetic diversity of species that are distributed across both.Here we used 14 microsatellite loci and four chloroplast DNA fragments to examine genetic diversity and distribution patterns of 49 populations of Populus rotundifolia,a species that spans both the Mekong-Salween Divide and the Tanaka-Kaiyong Line in southwestern China.Demographic and migration hypotheses were tested using coalescent-based approaches.Limited historical gene flow was observed between the western and eastern groups of P.rotundifolia,but substantial flow occurred across both the Mekong-Salween Divide and Tanaka-Kaiyong Line,manifesting in clear admixture and high genetic diversity in the central group.Wind-borne pollen and seeds may have facilitated the dispersal of P.rotundifolia following prevalent northwest winds in the spring.We also found that the Hengduan Mountains,where multiple genetic barriers were detected,acted on the whole as a barrier between the western and eastern groups of P.rotundifolia.Ecological niche modeling suggested that P.rotundifolia has undergone range expansion since the last glacial maximum,and demographic reconstruction indicated an earlier population expansion around 600 Ka.The phylogeographic pattern of P.rotundifolia reflects the interplay of biological traits,wind patterns,barriers,niche differentiation,and Quaternary climate history.This study emphasizes the need for multiple lines of evidence in understanding the Quaternary evolution of plants in topographically complex areas.

A New Perspective in the Study of Medical History through Visuals

In pre-modern cultural history,both textual and visual documentation played crucial roles,each possessing its own narrative logic.Historically,text has been a dominant medium for cultural documentation,whereas images,which predate text,have often been undervalued.

A First Tour of Wulong Pool——Nanjing city, the ancient capital of six dynasties, had kept lots of interesting places and historical relics for us to explore.

Last October, the Nanjing-based aiwan, Hongkong, Macao and verseas Chinese Literature Society went to Wulong Pool. Zhang Chao, vice-chairman of the society, invited me to go to see the place with him. We went eastward out of Longpanli along bustling and seething Guangzhou Avenue. by the side of the high Suolong Bridge, we found a garden gate with flower-