Objective to study an in vitro accurate measurement method for the placement depth of PICC. Methods 270 patients undergoing PICC catheterization under ultrasound guidance in outpatient PICC catheterization from March ...Objective to study an in vitro accurate measurement method for the placement depth of PICC. Methods 270 patients undergoing PICC catheterization under ultrasound guidance in outpatient PICC catheterization from March to September 2019 were selected by convenient sampling. By using the random number table method, the subjects were divided into group A (horizontal L-type measurement method) and Group B (characteristic index measurement calculation) by 1:1, with 135 cases in each group. X-ray chest radiograph was taken after catheterization in both groups, and the indwelling position of the catheter was adjusted according to the X-ray chest radiograph. The correlation between PICC predicted length and ideal depth and patient satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results The success rate of PICC catheter tip insertion in group B was 97.78%, while that in control group A was 82.22%, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The satisfaction degree of patients in group B was significantly higher than that in group A. The differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion Improving the success rate of the precise depth of PICC catheter placement can significantly reduce the incidence of complications, waste of human and material resources caused by adjusting the catheter position, and significantly improve patient satisfaction.展开更多
Mulches are commonly used to control weeds in container nursery crops, especially in sites where preemergence herbicides are either not labeled or potentially phytotoxic to the crop. Parboiled rice hulls have been sho...Mulches are commonly used to control weeds in container nursery crops, especially in sites where preemergence herbicides are either not labeled or potentially phytotoxic to the crop. Parboiled rice hulls have been shown to provide effective weed control when applied 1.25 to 2.5 cm deep over the container substrate surface. The objective of this research was to determine if weed seed placement, above or below the mulch layer, affects flexuous bittercress or creeping woodsorrel establishment. Seeds of both species were placed either above or below rice hull mulch layers 0, 0.6, 1.3, or 2.5 cm deep in nursery containers with a 80 pine bark: 20 sphagnum peat moss substrate. Establishment of both weeds decreased with increasing mulch depth. Establishment of both species was generally greater from beneath the mulch compared to when seed were applied above the mulch. Light penetration through varying depths of rice hulls was determined with a spectroradiometer. Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) decreased exponentially with increasing rice hull depth, and was less than 1 μmol·m<sup>-2</sup>·s<sup>-1</sup> beneath depths greater than 1 cm. Germination of both species was determined in Petri dishes placed beneath varying densities of shade cloth. Flexuous bittercress germination responded quadratically to decreasing light level, but still germinated (13%) in complete darkness after 3 weeks. Creeping woodsorrel germination was not affected by light level and was high (92%) after 3 weeks. The role of light exclusion by rice hulls as a mechanism for controlling buried weed seed is discussed. Water retention immediately after irrigation, and for 24 hr following irrigation, was determined for a 2.5 cm layer of rice hulls, sphagnum peat moss, and pine bark. Rice hulls retained less water, and dried more quickly than peat moss or pine bark. The volumetric water content of the rice hull layer is less than 0.20 cm·cm<sup>-1</sup> and what has been shown necessary for plant growth. Lack of water availability in the rice hull layer is discussed as the primary mechanism of control of weed seed above the mulch layer.展开更多
文摘Objective to study an in vitro accurate measurement method for the placement depth of PICC. Methods 270 patients undergoing PICC catheterization under ultrasound guidance in outpatient PICC catheterization from March to September 2019 were selected by convenient sampling. By using the random number table method, the subjects were divided into group A (horizontal L-type measurement method) and Group B (characteristic index measurement calculation) by 1:1, with 135 cases in each group. X-ray chest radiograph was taken after catheterization in both groups, and the indwelling position of the catheter was adjusted according to the X-ray chest radiograph. The correlation between PICC predicted length and ideal depth and patient satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results The success rate of PICC catheter tip insertion in group B was 97.78%, while that in control group A was 82.22%, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The satisfaction degree of patients in group B was significantly higher than that in group A. The differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion Improving the success rate of the precise depth of PICC catheter placement can significantly reduce the incidence of complications, waste of human and material resources caused by adjusting the catheter position, and significantly improve patient satisfaction.
文摘Mulches are commonly used to control weeds in container nursery crops, especially in sites where preemergence herbicides are either not labeled or potentially phytotoxic to the crop. Parboiled rice hulls have been shown to provide effective weed control when applied 1.25 to 2.5 cm deep over the container substrate surface. The objective of this research was to determine if weed seed placement, above or below the mulch layer, affects flexuous bittercress or creeping woodsorrel establishment. Seeds of both species were placed either above or below rice hull mulch layers 0, 0.6, 1.3, or 2.5 cm deep in nursery containers with a 80 pine bark: 20 sphagnum peat moss substrate. Establishment of both weeds decreased with increasing mulch depth. Establishment of both species was generally greater from beneath the mulch compared to when seed were applied above the mulch. Light penetration through varying depths of rice hulls was determined with a spectroradiometer. Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) decreased exponentially with increasing rice hull depth, and was less than 1 μmol·m<sup>-2</sup>·s<sup>-1</sup> beneath depths greater than 1 cm. Germination of both species was determined in Petri dishes placed beneath varying densities of shade cloth. Flexuous bittercress germination responded quadratically to decreasing light level, but still germinated (13%) in complete darkness after 3 weeks. Creeping woodsorrel germination was not affected by light level and was high (92%) after 3 weeks. The role of light exclusion by rice hulls as a mechanism for controlling buried weed seed is discussed. Water retention immediately after irrigation, and for 24 hr following irrigation, was determined for a 2.5 cm layer of rice hulls, sphagnum peat moss, and pine bark. Rice hulls retained less water, and dried more quickly than peat moss or pine bark. The volumetric water content of the rice hull layer is less than 0.20 cm·cm<sup>-1</sup> and what has been shown necessary for plant growth. Lack of water availability in the rice hull layer is discussed as the primary mechanism of control of weed seed above the mulch layer.
