Treatment of Retained Fetal Membranes: Comparison of the Postpartum Period after Routine Treatment or Routine Treatment Including an Additional Phytotherapeutic Substance in Dairy Cattle in Switzerland

Background: The therapy of retained fetal membranes (RFM) is a controversial subject. In Switzerland, intrauterine antibiotics are routinely administered although their effect on fertility parameters is questionable. The objective of this study was to compare the post-partal period after a routine treatment of RFM in 2 groups: one group received a placebo additionally (A), whereas the other group received a phytotherapeutic substance (lime bark) (B) additionally. The routine treatment of RFM included an attempt to manually remove the fetal membranes (for a maximum of 5 min), intramuscular administration of oxytetracycline and intrauterine treatment with tetracycline. In case of an elevated rectal temperature (>39.0°C), an additional non-steroidal inflam-matory drug was allowed. Methods: Cows undergoing caesarean section, suffering from prolapse of the uterus, deep cervical or vaginal injuries, hypocalcaemia, and illnesses during the last 14 days before calving were excluded. Cows had to be more than 265 days pregnant. Only cows that were artificially inseminated after RFM were included. Group stratification was done according to the last number on the ear tag (even/uneven) with (n = 50) cows in group A and (n = 55) cows in group B. Results: The number of treatments after the initial treatment of RFM was not significantly different between groups. The median interval from calving to the first insemination was 77 days in group A compared to 82 days in group B (p = 0.72). The number of AI’s until conception was not significantly different between groups. The median number of days open was 89 days in group A compared to 96 days in group B (p = 0.57). The culling rate was not significantly different between groups. Conclusion: There was neither a difference between the groups concerning therapies within the first 50 days after RFM nor concerning the subsequent fertility variables.

Lamellar Bodies Count (LBC) as a Predictor of Fetal Lung Maturity in Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes Compared to Neonatal Assessment

Background: Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality, affecting approximately 1% of all live births and 10% of all preterm infants. Lamellar bodies represent a storage form of pulmonary surfactant within Type II pneumocytes, secretion of which increases with advancing gestational age, thus enabling prediction of the degree of FLM. Preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) complicates approximately 1/3 of all preterm births. Birth within 1 week is the most likely outcome for any patient with PPROM in the absence of adjunctive treatments. Respiratory distress has been reported to be the most common complication of preterm birth. Sepsis, intraventricular haemorrhage, and necrotizing enterocolitis also are associated with prematurity, but these are less common near to term. Objective: To assess the efficacy of the amniotic fluid lamellar body counting from a vaginal pool in predicting fetal lung maturity in women with preterm premature rupture of membranes. Methods: This study was conducted at Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital in the emergency ward from January 2019 to September 2019. It included 106 women with singleton pregnancies, gestational age from 28 - 36 weeks with preterm premature rupture of membranes. This study is designed to assess the efficacy of the amniotic fluid lamellar body counting (LBC) from a vaginal pool in predicting fetal lung maturity in women with preterm premature rupture of membranes. Results: The current study revealed a highly significant increase in the lamellar body count in cases giving birth to neonates without RDS compared to that cases giving birth to neonates with RDS. Also, no statistically significant difference between LBC and age, parity and number of previous miscarriages in the mother was found. Gestational age at delivery was significantly lower among cases with respiratory distress. Steroid administration was significantly less frequent among cases with respiratory distress. However, lamellar bodies had high diagnostic performance in the prediction of respiratory distress. Conclusion: Lamellar body count (LBC) is an effective, safe, easy, and cost-effective method to assess fetal lung maturity (FLM). It does not need a highly equipped laboratory or specially trained personnel, it just needs the conventional blood count analyzer. Measurement of LBC is now replacing the conventional Lecithin/Sphyngomyelin L/S ratio. LBC cut-off value of ≤42.5 × 103/μL can be used safely to decide fetal lung maturity with sensitivity of 95.7% and specificity of 97.6%.

A review of the amino acid metabolism in placental function response to fetal loss and low birth weight in pigs

The fertility of sows mainly depends on the embryo losses during gestation and the survival rate of the postfarrowing piglets.The selection of highly-prolific sows has been mainly focused on the selection of genotypes with high ovulatory quota.However,in the early-and post-implantation stages,the rate of embryo losses was increased with the increase of zygotes.Among the various factors,placental growth and development is the vital determinant for fetal survival,growth,and development.Despite the potential survival of fetuses with deficient placental development,their life-conditions and growth can be damaged by a process termed intrauterine growth retardation(IUGR).The newborn piglets affected by IUGR are prone to increased morbidity and mortality rates;meanwhile,the growth,health and welfare of the surviving piglets will remain hampered by these conditions,with a tendency to exacerbate with age.Functional amino acids such as glycine,proline,and arginine continue to increase with the development of placenta,which are not only essential to placental growth(including vascular growth)and development,but can also be used as substrates for the production of glutathione,polyamines and nitric oxide to benefit placental function in many ways.However,the exact regulation mechanism of these amino acids in placental function has not yet been clarified.In this review,we provide evidence from literature and our own work for the role and mechanism of dietary functional amino acids during pregnancy in regulating the placental functional response to fetal loss and birth weight of piglets.This review will provide novel insights into the response of nutritionally nonessential amino acids(glycine and proline)to placental development as well as feasible strategies to enhance the fertility of sows.

Maternal and fetal outcomes in term premature rupture of membrane

BACKGROUND: Premature rupture of membrane(PROM) is linked to significant maternal prenatal mortalities and morbidity. In Ethiopia, where maternal mortality is still high, the maternal and fetal outcomes in PROM is very important to decrease maternal and child mortality and for better management and prevention of complications. Thus, this study aimed to detect the maternal and fetal outcomes and associated factors in term PROM at Mizan-Aman General Hospital, south-west Ethiopia.METHODS: A retrospective cross sectional study was conducted using data available at MizanAman General Hospital during a period of 3 years(January 2011 to December 2013). We examined records of 4 525 women who gave birth in the hospital; out of these women, 185 were diagnosed with term PROM and all of them were included in the study. The data of these women were collected using a checklist based on registration books. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 statistical package. The association between independent and dependent variables was assessed by bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses. 95%CI and P value less than 0.05 were considered statistically signifi cant.RESULTS: Of the 4 525 women who gave birth in the hospital, 202 were complicated by term PROM. About 22.2% of the women showed unfavorable maternal outcomes. The most common cause of maternal morbidity and mortality was puerperal sepsis. About 33.5% of neonates experienced unfavorable outcomes. The duration of PROM >12 hours(AOR=5.6, 95%CI 1.3–24.1) latency >24 hours(AOR=2.8, 95%CI 1.7–11.8), residing in rural areas(AOR=4.2, 95%CI 3.96–29.4) and birth weight less than 2 500 g were associated with unfavorable outcomes.CONCLUSION: Women residing in rural areas, long latency, and neonates with birth weight less 2 500 g may have unfavorable outcomes. Therefore, optimum obstetric and medical care is essential for the reduction of the devastating complications related to disorders.

Serum Ion Concentrations and Antioxidation of Dairy Cows with Retained Fetal Placenta

[ Objective] TO further explore the mechanism of retained fetal membrane （RFM） of dairy cows in Qinghai Province. [ Methed] As many as 15 dairy cows with retained fetal placenta and 15 without retained fetal placenta were selected. The serum concentrations of eight metal ions, namely, potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, copper, iron, zinc and manganese at parturition and 12 h post partum were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The anti-oxidative indexes at parturition were determined by UV-1601 doub｜e-beam visib｜e spectrophotometer. ~=- sultl In the dairy cows with retained fetal placenta, the concentrations of calcium, magnesium, copper, zinc and manganese were decreased signif- icantly （ P 〈 0.05） ; that of iron was increased significantly （ P 〈 0.01 ） ; those of potassium and sodium did not change greatly; the activities of su- peroxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were decreased significantly （ P 〈 0.01 ） ; and the MDA content was increased significantly （ P 〈 0.05）. However, the concentrations of the eight metal ions and anti-oxidative indexes did not change in the dairy cows without retained fetal placen- ta, [ CondusionJ The RFM of dairy cows has some relationships with the serum concentrations of metal ions and antioxidation.

Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Multi Fetal Pregnancies: Can We Find a Key in Placental Abnormalities? A Retrospective Data Analysis

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the relationship between chorionicity, placental abnormalities and necrotizing enterocolitis in multiple pregnancies. We hypothesized that unbalanced interfetal transfusion through vascular anastomoses in monochorionic placentation causes hypoperfusion of the intestinal mucosa, increasing the risk of developing necrotizing enterocolitis. Material and methods: All women with multiple pregnancies who delivered at the University Medical Center Utrecht between January 1995 and December 2015 were retrospectively selected. We compared baseline characteristics and neonatal and maternal outcomes. Secondly, we analyzed ultrasound and placental pathology findings of monochorionic multiples with and without necrotizing enterocolitis. Finally, we compared illness characteristics of necrotizing enterocolitis in monochorionic multiples with necrotizing enterocolitis in dichorionic multiples. Results: We included 2859 dichorionic and 817 monochorionic neonates. Necrotizing enterocolitis occurred significantly more often in monochorionic as compared to dichorionic neonates (3.3% and 1.6% respectively), also after correction for birthweight, gestational age and nulliparity (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.0 - 2.8). Ultrasound abnormalities were not associated with necrotizing enterocolitis. Histopathology showed that necrotizing enterocolitis was significantly associated with the presence of unbalanced interfetal transfusion (76.9% of monochorionic with necrotizing enterocolitis versus 31.4% of cases without necrotizing enterocolitis, P = 0.001). Conclusion: Necrotizing enterocolitis is more common in monochorionic multiples as compared to dichorionic multiples, at least in part due to the presence of and related to the presence of unbalanced interfetal transfusion through arterial-venous anastomoses in the placenta. Possibly, subtle ischemic damage caused by intra-uterine fetal hypotension or anemia plays a key role in the development of necrotizing enterocolitis in monochorionic twins.

Barrier Effect of Placenta Membrane of Pregnant Rat on Mixed Rare Earth Changle

To assess the potential health risks of mixed rare earths Changle for human embryo, whether it crosses placenta membrane or placenta barrier should be determined. In order to arrive at the aim placenta tissue was observed after contamination with optical and electron microscope to show distribution and destiny of mixed rare earth Changle in placenta tissue. Meanwhile the amount of rare earths in serum of pregnant rat, amniotic fluid and extract of embryo tissue were measured by using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP MS). The rats were administered to 0 3, 2, 5 and 20 mg·kg -1 mixed rare earths Changle every day, respectively by oral from the 6th to 18th day after pregnancy. The results show that many particles are found in syncytiotrophoblast around capillaries of placental villi in contaminated groups under light microscope, and there are more particles following increased dose. It also was observed that some dense bodies with the envelope in placenta membrane and to difference extent damages the mitochondria crista within syncytiotrophoblast cytoplasm in contaminated groups under transmission electron microscope (TEM). Results of ICP MS assay indicate that the level of Ce increases with contamination dose in the serum of pregnant rats, and the level of total rare earth element remarkably rises in amniotic fluid and serum of pregnant rats for 20 mg·kg -1 group as compared with the control without change for the other groups.

EFFECTS OF SALVIA MILTIORRHIZA BUNGE(SMB)ON LIPID PEROXIDATION AND PLASMA MEMBRANE FLUIDITY OF CULTURED HUMAN FETAL HEPATOCYTES INJURED BY CARBON TETRACHLORIDE

In order to investigate the effect of salvia miltiorrhiza hunge(SMB)on the plasma membrane fluidity and the relationship between the lipid peroxidation and the Plasma membrane fluidityin cultured human fetdal hepatocytes,the plasma membrane fluidity,using 1,6-dipheny-1,3,5-hexatriene(DPH)as a fluorescence probe, malondialdehyde(MDA)production as well as alanine aminotransferase(ALT)release of human fetal hepatocytes cultured in Presence of carbon tetrachloride(CCl4)or SMB puls CCl4 were estimated. In the cultured hepatocytes injured by CCl4,significant increments of the MDA production and the ALT release,and significant decrease in the plasma membrane fluidity were observed.when the culture medium was supplied with SMB prior to the additionof CCl4,the CCl4 induced increments in MDA production and ALT release was suppressed signifi cantly and a concomitant raise of plasma membrane fluidity towards normal occurred.The resultssuggested that SMB could suppress the lipid peroxidation in bepatocytes,thereby normal membranefluidity might be retained.

Caesarian Section for Placenta Praevia: Does Booking Status Affect Maternofetal Outcome?

Background: Placenta praevia accounts for significant maternal morbidity and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Despite advances in blood transfusion technique and surgical procedure, abnormal placentation still remains a difficult challenge for obstetricians. Objective: To determine the influence of booking status on the fetal and maternal outcome among parturients with placenta praevia that underwent caesarian delivery. Methodology: This was a comparative and retrospective study between booked and unbooked subjects with significant placenta praevia that were delivered by caesarian section between January 1st 2004 and December 31st 2008 with respect to maternal and fetal outcome. Result: Out of 14,344 deliveries during study period, 123 cases of placenta praevia that underwent caesarian delivery were identified giving a prevalence rate of 0.86%. 49 subjects were booked while 74 were unbooked. There was no statistically significant difference between booked and unbooked cases with respect to risk factors (30.6% of booked and 23% of unbooked), X2(4) = 7.203, P = 0.126 and the mean blood loss at surgery (870.4 ± 486.9 ml in booked versus 779.7 ± 380.96 ml in unbooked), X2(1) = 0.202, P = 0.653. However, antepartum transfusion (12.2% booked versus 34.7% unbooked) and postpartum transfusion (51% booked versus 72% unbooked) showed statistically significant difference, X2(1) = 9.744, P = 0.002. One maternal death occurred amongst the unbooked cases and none among the booked cases. Statistically significant differences were also noted in the apgar score at 1 minute X2(3) = 15.528, P = 0.001 and 5 minutes X2(3) = 12.912, P = 0.005 respectively. More babies died in the unbooked group (19) compared to two (2) in the booked mothers. Conclusion: Unbooked status in placenta previa significantly increases the risk for antepartum and postpartum transfusion, is associated with higher mortality, increased preterm delivery, poorer apgar scores and higher perinatal mortality rate.

Placental-derived stem cells:Culture, differentiation and challenges

Stem cell therapy is a promising approach to clinical healing in several diseases. A great variety of tissues(bone marrow, adipose tissue, and placenta) arepotentially sources of stem cells. Placenta-derived stem cells(p-SCs) are in between embryonic and mesenchymal stem cells, sharing characteristics with both, such as non-carcinogenic status and property to differentiate in all embryonic germ layers. Moreover, their use is not ethically restricted as fetal membranes are considered medical waste after birth. In this context, the present review will be focused on the biological properties, culture and potential cell therapy uses of placental-derived stem cells. Immunophenotype characterization, mainly for surface marker expression, and basic principles of p-SC isolation and culture(mechanical separation or enzymatic digestion of the tissues, the most used culture media, cell plating conditions) will be presented. In addition, some preclinical studies that were performed in different medical areas will be cited, focusing on neurological, liver, pancreatic, heart, muscle, pulmonary, and bone diseases and also in tissue engineering field. Finally, some challenges for stem cell therapy applications will be highlighted. The understanding of the mechanisms involved in the p-SCs differentiation and the achievement of pure cell populations(after differentiation) are key points that must be clarified before bringing the preclinical studies, performed at the bench, to the medical practice.

Early gestation chorionic villi-derived stromal cells for fetal tissue engineering

AIM: To investigate the potential for early gestation placenta-derived mesenchymal stromal cells(PMSCs) for fetal tissue engineering.METHODS: PMSCs were isolated from early gestation chorionic villus tissue by explant culture. Chorionic villus sampling(CVS)-size tissue samples(mean = 35.93 mg)were used to test the feasibility of obtaining large cell numbers from CVS within a clinically relevant timeframe. We characterized PMSCs isolated from 6 donor placentas by flow cytometry immunophenotyping, multipotency assays, and through immunofluorescent staining. Protein secretion from PMSCs was examined using two cytokine array assays capable of probing for over 70 factors in total. Delivery vehicle compatibility of PMSCs was determined using three common scaffold systems: fibrin glue, collagen hydrogel, and biodegradable nanofibrous scaffolds made from a combination of polylactic acid(PLA) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA). Viral transduction of PMSCs was performed using a Luciferase-GFPcontaining lentiviral vector and efficiency of transduction was tested by fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry analysis.RESULTS: We determined that an average of 2.09 × 106(SD ± 8.59 × 105) PMSCs could be obtained from CVS-size tissue samples within 30 d(mean = 27 d, SD ± 2.28), indicating that therapeutic numbers of cells can be rapidly expanded from very limited masses of tissue. Immunophenotyping by flow cytometry demonstrated that PMSCs were positive for MSC markers CD105, CD90, CD73, CD44, and CD29, and were negative for hematopoietic and endothelial markers CD45, CD34, and CD31. PMSCs displayed trilineage differentiation capability, and were found to express developmental transcription factors Sox10 and Sox17 as well as neuralrelated structural proteins NFM, Nestin, and S100 β. Cytokine arrays revealed a robust and extensive profile of PMSC-secreted cytokines and growth factors, and detected 34 factors with spot density values exceeding 103. Detected factors had widely diverse functions that include modulation of angiogenesis and immune response, cell chemotaxis, cell proliferation, blood vessel maturation and homeostasis, modulation of insulin-like growth factor activity, neuroprotection, extracellular matrix degradation and even blood coagulation. Importantly, PMSCs were also determined to be compatible with bothbiological and synthetic material-based delivery vehicles such as collagen and fibrin hydrogels, and biodegradable nanofiber scaffolds made from a combination of PLA and PLGA. Finally, we demonstrated that PMSCs can be efficiently transduced(> 95%) with a Luciferase-GFPcontaining lentiviral vector for future in vivo cell tracking after transplantation.CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that PMSCs represent a unique source of cells that can be effectively utilized for in utero cell therapy and tissue engineering.

Changes in Maternal Lifestyle during Ramadan Altered Placental Development

People born with low birth weight are at a greater risk of developing later life diseases such as hypertension, diabetes and cancer. Recent studies have pinpointed the placenta as a critical factor involved in developmental programming. Changes in maternal lifestyle or dietary habits can alter placental development and increase the risk of developmental programming of adult diseases. Saudi people, including pregnant women, change their lifestyle and eating habits during the holy month of Ramadan. Previous studies found that the exposure to Ramadan lifestyle reduces placental weight;however, effects on other placental aspects remained unknown. We aimed to further examine the effects of exposure to Ramadan lifestyle on full-term placental morphometrics, histology and gene expression of key glucose transporters. To examine this, fresh placentas were collected from 60 healthy Saudi women. Samples were equally classified into two groups;not exposed to Ramadan lifestyle (control) or exposed to Ramadan lifestyle in the first. Placental weight, length and breadth were recorded and placental surface area was calculated. Placental tissue was processed and stained with eosin and hematoxylin for histological examination. Apoptosis was assessed using TUNEL assay. The gene expression of the glucose transporters GLUT1 and GLUT3 was evaluated. The results show that women exposed to Ramadan lifestyle have more elongated placentas with less central cord insertion. Placental weight and surface area were significantly lowered in women exposed to Ramadan lifestyle. Placental length was not affected but the breadth was significantly smaller in than control. Placentas exposed to Ramadan lifestyle had fewer and less-developed syncytial knots and thicker syncytiotrophoblast cells. Apoptosis was detected in placentas exposed to Ramadan lifestyle. GLUT1 mRNA expression was unaltered, but GLUT3 was increased compared to control group. These findings suggest that changes in maternal lifestyle during Ramadan can alter placental structure at morphometric, histological and molecular levels. These structural changes are indication of placental adaptations for a suboptimal maternal environment. Such adaptations have been linked to adult diseases in various populations worldwide. Further studies are required to evaluate the possible link between exposure to Ramadan lifestyle and the risk of developing adulthood chronic diseases in the Saudi population.

胎衣不下奶牛miRNA-185靶向调控血管内皮生长因子A表达的研究

【目的】通过体内和体外试验检测miRNA-185及血管内皮生长因子A(vascular endothelial growth factor A,VEGFA)在胎衣正常排出和胎衣不下(RFM)奶牛胎盘组织中的差异表达情况及VEGFA在奶牛母体胎盘组织中表达分布,验证及明确miRNA-185和VEGFA与奶牛胎衣不下发生密切相关并存在靶向调节关系,为深入研究miRNA-185在奶牛胎衣不下发生过程中的作用提供理论依据和试验基础。【方法】采用实时荧光定量PCR法检测胎衣正常排出及胎衣不下奶牛母体胎盘组织中miRNA-185及VEGFA基因表达情况,采用荧光原位杂交技术(FISH)检测VEGFA在母体胎盘组织的表达分布及mRNA的差异表达情况;采用双荧光素酶明确miRNA-185与VEGFA的靶向调节关系,采用实时荧光定量PCR及Western blotting检测体外转染miRNA185 mimics、miRNA-185 inhibitor及miRNA-185 NC后VEGFA mRNA及蛋白的差异表达情况。【结果】实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,与胎衣正常排出奶牛相比,胎衣不下奶牛体内miRNA-185及VEGFA的表达水平均极显著下调(P<0.01);荧光原位杂交结果显示,VEGFA mRNA主要在奶牛子宫内膜上皮细胞中表达。VEGFA是miRNA-185的靶向调节蛋白。与阴性对照组相比,转染miRNA-185 mimics后VEGFA的mRNA及蛋白表达水平均极显著下调(P<0.01),转染miRNA-185 inhibitor后VEGFA的mRNA及蛋白表达水平均极显著上调(P<0.01)。【结论】胎衣不下奶牛母体胎盘组织内miRNA-185及VEGFA表达显著降低,VRGFA主要在子宫内膜上皮细胞中表达,miRNA-185可通过靶向调控VEGFA的表达参与奶牛胎衣不下的发生发展。

胎膜早破孕妇阴道微生态和胎盘分离菌及耐药性分析

目的 比较胎膜早破和正常破裂孕妇孕晚期(孕35~37周)阴道微生态、胎盘拭子细菌分布和耐药性情况,为临床预防和治疗提供病原学依据。方法 收集甘肃省妇幼保健院产科2020年1月1日至2022年6月30日胎盘拭子培养结果,将培养阳性的孕妇分成胎膜早破组和正常破裂组,比较两组基本临床特征及孕晚期阴道微生态、胎盘分离菌和药敏结果。结果 两组孕周、年龄、细菌性阴道病和正常微生态情况差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示孕周(β=-0.711,OR=0.491)和正常微生态(β=-1.412,OR=4.103)与胎膜早破发生呈负相关,年龄(β=0.076,OR=1.079)呈正相关,细菌性阴道病的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组胎盘主要分离菌为革兰阴性杆菌,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),以大肠埃希菌为主,检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),胎膜早破组产超广谱β-内酰胺酶比例较高,对氨苄西林、头孢类耐药性高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);其次是革兰阳性球菌(粪肠球菌和无乳链球菌为主),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。无乳链球菌对青霉素类、糖肽类等敏感,对喹诺酮类耐药率较高;粪肠球菌对青霉素类、糖肽类、恶唑烷酮类等敏感,对红霉素和克林霉素的耐药性较高。结论 胎膜早破组年龄偏大且孕周小,孕晚期易发生阴道微生态异常,其胎盘拭子大肠埃希菌检出率、对青霉素和头孢类抗生素耐药性较高。

基于MRI体素内不相干运动成像技术的胎盘胎儿侧与母体侧的功能差别

目的:探讨胎盘胎儿侧与母体侧功能是否存在差异以及这两部分功能变化与孕周的相关性。方法:采用体素内不相干运动成像技术(IVIM),分别采集75例妊娠23~40周胎盘母体侧与胎儿侧的灌注分数f,扩散系数D和伪扩散系数D^(*)的数据。通过Wilcoxon配对符号秩和检验比较胎盘母体侧与胎儿侧IVIM参数的差异,并采用回归方法进行曲线估计及曲线拟合分析胎儿侧和母体侧数据与孕周的相关性。结果:胎盘母体侧与胎儿侧的灌注分数f,扩散系数D之间的差异均具有统计学意义。母体侧灌注分数f-out (y)与孕周(x)具有相关性,呈现二次曲线相关,曲线拟合优度R^(2)为0.121,方程式为y=0.635-0.0155x+0.0001x^(2)。胎儿侧与母体侧灌注分数差值fin-fout(y)与孕周(x)具有相关性,呈二次曲线相关,曲线拟合优度R^(2)为0.295,方程式为y=_(1).318+0.080x-0.001x^(2)。结论:胎盘胎儿侧与母体侧灌注功能存在显著差异,胎盘母体侧灌注分数与孕周具有相关性。

孕中期胎盘功能监测指标的临床研究

目的探讨孕中期胎盘功能监测指标的临床效果。方法选取2021年1月至2023年12月南昌市第一医院诊断为胎儿生长受限(FGR)的60例孕妇设为观察组,正常孕妇60例设为对照组,比较两组胎盘血流学参数[血管指数(VI)、血流指数(FI)和血管血流综合指数(VFI)]、胎盘形态学参数[胎盘体积(PV)]以及外周血胎盘激素[人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)、游离雌三醇(uE3)]等指标差异,分析绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,分析VI、VFI、FI、PV、hCG、uE3预测FGR价值。结果观察组VI为(15.47±2.39)、VFI为(4.14±0.72)、FI为(21.21±2.31)、PV为(35.51±3.42)cm3,均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组hCG检测值高于对照组,而uE3检测值低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);VI、VFI、FI、PV、hCG、uE3联合检测预测FGR的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.923,灵敏度为0.917,特异度为0.837,均高于单一检测。结论孕中期胎盘功能监测指标与FGR发生关系密切,各指标联合检测可有效预测FGR发生。

胎盘植入性疾病患者不同终止妊娠时机的母婴结局分析

目的探讨胎盘植入性疾病(PAS)患者不同终止妊娠时机的母婴结局。方法选取2022年2月至2023年10月在我院分娩的PAS患者54例,根据终止妊娠孕周分为34 w≤孕周<35 w(A组)21例、35 w≤孕周<36 w(B组)14例、36 w≤孕周≤37 w(C组)19例。对比3组术中、术后的相关指标;各组新生儿以及产妇预后情况;采用logistic多因素分析影响新生儿以及产妇不良结局的相关因素。结果术中出血量、术后住院时间、急诊手术率:A组<B组<C组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);三组产后出血率、子宫切除率、入住ICU率以及失血性休克率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);Logistic多因素分析显示,术中出血量、剖宫产次数、孕周、胎盘植入、侵入型胎盘植入、完全型胎盘植入是影响产妇不良结局的独立危险因素(P<0.05);三组均无新生儿死亡事件出现,新生儿窒息率、转入NICU率:A组<B组<C组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);孕周、出生时体重、胎盘植入、剖宫产次数、侵入型胎盘植入、完全型胎盘植入是影响新生儿不良结局的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论PAS患者在妊娠34-35w期间终止妊娠是最适宜的终止妊娠时间,可更好的平衡母婴之间的风险,且母婴结局相对更好。

细胞焦亡相关蛋白在胎膜早破孕妇胎膜组织中的表达及其与妊娠结局的关系

目的:探究细胞焦亡相关蛋白半胱氨酸天冬氨酸特异性蛋白酶-1(cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase,Caspase-1)和核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体蛋白3(nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3,NLRP3)在胎膜早破孕妇胎膜组织中的表达及其与妊娠结局的关系。方法:选择2020年1月至2023年1月于常熟市中医院妇产科就诊并分娩的胎膜早破孕妇135例作为观察组,另选择同期产检并分娩的健康孕妇135例作为对照组,比较两组孕妇胎膜组织中NLRP3 mRNA和Caspase-1 mRNA表达。依据妊娠结局将135例胎膜早破孕妇分为妊娠不良组(n=50)和妊娠良好组(n=85),通过单因素和多因素Logistic分析胎膜早破孕妇妊娠不良的独立危险因素;应用Logistic回归模型结合限制性立方样条(restricted cubic splines,RCS)分析胎膜早破孕妇胎膜组织中细胞焦亡相关蛋白表达量与妊娠不良的剂量反应关系;依据独立因素构建列线图预测模型,并对模型进行验证。结果:观察组胎膜组织中NLRP3 mRNA和Caspase-1 mRNA表达显著高于对照组(P<0.001)。就诊时间≥2 h、生殖道感染、NLRP3 mRNA和Caspase-1 mRNA高表达是胎膜早破孕妇妊娠结局不良的独立危险因素(P<0.05);RCS结果显示,胎膜早破孕妇胎膜组织中NLRP3 mRNA、Caspase-1 mRNA表达量与妊娠结局不良呈非线性剂量反应关系,在NLRP3 mRNA表达量为1.20(OR=1.818,95%CI:1.673~1.932)和Caspase-1 mRNA表达量为1.25(OR=2.735,95%CI:1.132~3.821)处发生妊娠结局不良的风险最大;构建的列线图预测模型具有良好的区分度、准确性和临床适用性。结论:NLRP3 mRNA和Caspase-1 mRNA在胎膜早破孕妇胎膜组织中呈高表达,二者是胎膜早破孕妇妊娠结局不良的独立危险因素,随着表达量升高,胎膜早破孕妇妊娠不良的危险性也随之升高。

保留胎膜剖宫产在早产孕妇中的应用效果分析

目的:分析保留胎膜剖宫产在早产孕妇中的应用效果。方法:选取2022年1月—2023年8月于东莞市长安医院行剖宫产的早产孕妇80例作为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组,各40例。对照组实施常规剖宫产,观察组实施保留胎膜剖宫产。比较两组治疗效果。结果:观察组术中出血量、产后24 h出血量少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。术前,两组红细胞计数、血细胞比容、血红蛋白水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后3 d,两组红细胞计数、血细胞比容、血红蛋白水平低于术前,但观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组脐动脉pH、脐静脉血红蛋白水平高于对照组,肿瘤坏死因子-α水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组新生儿出生后1、5 min阿普加评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:保留胎膜剖宫产在早产孕妇中的应用效果显著,可减少孕妇术中及产后24 h出血量,减轻早产儿机体损伤。

胎膜早破的危险因素及其对新生儿结局影响的临床分析

目的分析胎膜早破的危险因素及其对新生儿结局的影响,为胎膜早破新生儿是否需要提前干预提供临床依据。方法采用便利抽样法选取2019年1月1日至12月31日北京市通州区妇幼保健院产科住院分娩的2066例单胎产妇及其分娩的新生儿临床资料进行横断面研究,统计胎膜早破的发生率,分析胎膜早破的危险因素,分析胎膜早破对新生儿结局的影响,并进一步分析胎膜早破的时间和产前应用抗生素对新生儿结局的影响。结果(1)2019年北京市通州区妇幼保健院产科单胎胎膜早破的发生率为28.94%(598/2066)。(2)多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示:孕周(足月)、剖宫产病史、漏斗骨盆、贫血、孕次、急性绒毛膜羊膜炎及巨大儿是胎膜早破的危险因素(P<0.05)。(3)根据胎膜在临产前是否发生自发性破裂分为胎膜早破组(n=598)和非胎膜早破组(n=1468)。胎膜早破组在早产和新生儿72 h内转新生儿科住院率分别为10.03%、10.20%,均高于非胎膜早破组(2.86%、7.29%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);胎膜早破组与非胎膜早破组的胎儿宫内窘迫、新生儿窒息和新生儿早期感染发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(4)胎膜早破时间对新生儿出生后72 h内新生儿科住院预测的受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线中的切点为胎膜早破时间>21 h,其预测新生儿出生后72 h内转新生儿科住院的曲线下面积为0.601,特异度为77.9%,灵敏度为37.7%。(5)胎膜早破>21 h新生儿早期感染发生率、新生儿科住院发生率和产前抗生素使用率分别为7.04%、16.20%、94.37%,均高于胎膜早破≤21 h新生儿(2.63%、8.33%、35.96%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论2019年北京市通州区妇幼保健院产科单胎胎膜早破的发生率为28.94%;剖宫产病史、漏斗骨盆、贫血、急性绒毛膜羊膜炎、孕次和巨大儿是胎膜早破的危险因素;胎膜早破增加了早产和新生儿科住院率,产前应用抗生素可降低新生儿早期感染发生率。