Integration of Location-Allocation and Accessibility Models in GIS to Improve Urban Planning for Health Services in Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia

In this study, accessibility and location-allocation models have been integrated into GIS to improve spatial planning and environmental sustainability of health services in Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah. This integration provides a planning framework in order to check the efficiency of the spatial allocation of health services and to generate alternatives either by proposing an active service or to improve an existing one. To achieve these objectives, the accessibility to the service area was analyzed within the analysis of health services networks, which are divided into eight types: public hospitals, specialized hospitals, health units, healthcare centers, infirmaries, clinic complexes, the Red Crescent Center, and ambulance facilities, with time intervals of (5 minutes - 10 minutes - 15 minutes) to access coverage ranges, and the location-allocation model was used based on the maximum coverage model within a response time not exceeding 15 minutes, The results of the study revealed the poor distribution of health services Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah suffers from weak accessibility to health services coverage areas and is unable to meet the needs of its population at present. The current need for health services reached twenty-four locations, including two public hospitals, three specialized hospitals, two health centers, three ambulance facilities, four infirmaries, three clinic complexes, four health units, and three Red Crescent centers.

Induced abortion in China and the advances of post abortion family planning service

This is a review of current situation of induced abortion and post abortion family planning service in China. Induced abortion is an important issue in reproductive health. This article reviewed the distribution of induced abortion in various time, areas, and population in China, and explored the character, reason, and harm to reproductive health of induced abortion.Furthermore, this article introduces the concept of Quality of Care Program in Family Planning,and discusses how important and necessary it is to introduce Quality of Care Program in Family Planning to China.

Healthcare Providers' Perceptions of the Sexual and Reproductive Health Needs (Including Family Planning) of Elderly Women from Selected Sites in Botswana

Much of the sexual and reproductive health services and service delivery including family planning target women of child bearing ages (15 - 49 years) and sometimes men. Hardly are there programmes/interventions that specifically target the needs of the elderly women (50 years and above), yet this group has serious sexual and reproductive health needs as many of them are still sexually active. This cross-sectional study obtained the views of a stratified random sample of 169 healthcare providers (doctors, nurses and pharmacists) from four selected sites, Gaborone, Selibe Phikwe, Barolong and Kweneng East health districts in Botswana on how the healthcare system in the selected sites is meeting the SRH/FP needs of the elderly women. The study found out that while overwhelming majority of the healthcare providers feltthat the healthcare system has no programme that specifically target the SRH/FP needs of this significant others and their SRH/FP needs are not being met ,less than 15% indicated that Pap smear screening as well as screening of cervical cancer were on-going. Although there are SRH/FP services available in the healthcare system, the elderly women are minimally accessing these services. Only condom, combined oral contraceptives, progestogen-only pills, treatment of STIs, screening for HIV/AIDS and screening for cervical cancer are accessed and information is also limited to these services. Reasons given by the healthcare providers for the non-accessibility of these services were cultural diversity (80%), people's sexual behavior and perceptions about sex (79%), lack of knowledge about the desired SRH/FP services (76%), religion (73%) and gender issues (62%). The study, advocates as part of policy options to mitigate the obstacles to accessing SRH/FP services, the expansion of counseling programmes, screening and treatment for breast cancer, public awareness campaigns, production and circulation of appropriate educational materials, effective training of healthcare providers and the establishment of separate clinic days for the elderly women' SRH/FP services.

China’s Experience of Quality Care in Family Planning

Objective To evaluate and overview the experience of quality care of family planning of China.Methods The framework of quality care of China was summarized and analyzed, that was clients, technology and management triangle program system.Results The 8fundamental elements of quality care in China were presented： 1） policy environment of QoC, 2） comprehensive services, 3） choice of method, 4） IEC to policy-makers and providers, 5） technical competence, 6） interpersonal communications, 7） institutional guideline and regulation, 8） appropriate constella- tion of service.Conclusion FP sectors should prepare different constellations of service to meet their individual reproductive health need for different clients and develop institutional guide- line and regulation for FP service to follow up in practice. QoC should be a kind of standardized service process.

Insights into the Social Determinants of Health in Older Adults

In this paper, we review the social determinants of health in older adults and their complex interrelationship with medical diseases. Also, we provide recommendations to address these determinants in the integrated healthcare plan. The social determinants in older adults and its influence in health outcomes have been studied for decades. There is solid evidence for the interrelationship between social factors and the health of individuals and populations;however, these studies are unable to define their complex interrelatedness. Health is quite variable and depends on multiple biological and social factors such as genetics, country of origin, migrant status, etc. On the other hand, health status can affect social factors such as job or education. Addressing social determinants of health in the integrated healthcare plan is important for improving health outcomes and decreasing existing disparities in older adult health. We recommend a person-centered approach in which individualized interventions should be adopted by organizations to improve the health status of older adults at the national and global level. Some of our practical recommendations to better address the social determinants of health in clinical practice are EHR documentation strategies, screening tools, and the development of linkages to the world outside of the clinic and health system, including social services, community activities, collaborative work, and roles for insurance companies.

Improving the Patient Discharge Planning Process through Knowledge Management by Using the Internet of Things

The UK National Health Service (NHS) is faced with problems of managing patient discharge and preventing the problems that result from it such as frequent readmissions, delayed discharge, long waiting lists, bed blocking and other such consequences. The problem is exacerbated by the growth in size, complexity and the number of chronic diseases in the NHS. In addition, there is an increase in demand for high quality care, processes and planning. Effective Discharge Planning (DP) requires practitioners to have appropriate, patient personalised and updated knowledge in order to be able to make informed and holistic decisions about a patients’ discharge. This paper examines the role of Knowledge Management (KM) in both sharing knowledge and using tacit knowledge to create appropriate patient discharge pathways. The paper details the factors resulting in inadequate DP, and demonstrates the use of Internet of Things (IoT) and Machine2Machine (M2M) as candidate technologies and possible solutions which can help reduce the problem. The use of devices that a patient can take home and devices which are perused in the hospital generate information, which can serve useful when presented to the right person at the right time, thus harvesting knowledge. The knowledge when fed back can support practitioners in making holistic decisions with regards to a patients’ discharge.

基于Web of Science的出院准备服务研究的可视化分析

目的:探究1992—2021年出院准备服务研究的发展态势,为进一步开展该领域的相关研究提供参考。方法:检索并分析Web of Science数据库内的相关研究文献,利用CiteSpace 6.1.R2软件和Web of Science引文工具分析发文特征、研究领域,构建合作网络、关键词聚类图谱、关键词突现检测及共被引网络。结果:共检索到5174篇相关文献刊载在992种期刊上,年度发文量呈整体上升趋势,研究领域涉及14个学科,护理学排名第12位。发文量居前10位的国家/地区、机构和作者多分布在发达国家,中国排名第6位。国家间合作链条以美国、波兰等23个国家/地区具有较高中介中心性。研究方法以随机对照试验为主,关键词聚类划分显著(Q=0.7645)且高度可信(S=0.9069),研究热点主要集中在病人的长期照护、风险因素、结局、住院时长等方面。未来研究趋势偏向老年人、女性、再入院、急性期后管理等。结论:出院准备服务的研究涉及领域广,尚需促进机构、作者之间的合作交流,开展多学科、多中心研究,以期为病人提供更加全面的卫生服务和健康生活模式。

中国社会医疗保险制度未来发展的挑战与创新建议

中国社会医疗保险制度发展至今,已覆盖了95%以上的人口,筹资和报销待遇都达到了与国民经济所处的中等收入国家地位相称的水平,但也存在不同人群待遇相差悬殊、医保基金使用效率不高的问题。未来需要从实现公平的国民待遇、进行科学的医保筹资规划、制定统一的医疗服务价格、设计合理的医保报销政策、明确划分中央与地方政府的职责等方面,正视挑战,创新发展,避免医保制度发展的中等收入陷阱。

美国家庭健康预付费系统的经验及对我国的启示

基于文献分析法,系统总结美国家庭健康预付费系统(HHPPS)发展历程、分组情况和支付模式。HHPPS从建立之初至今已经发展了三个版本,分组结果更加精细化、科学化,从最初的80个家庭健康资源组增长到432个家庭健康资源组。这种方法可以有效控费,但需要大量的家庭保健数据,需要科学完备的费用结算系统和病案管理系统,在我国现阶段推广实施还存在一定的困难。我国应该借鉴HHPPS,建立一个统一标准化的评估系统,开发和完善居家医疗服务信息收集系统,多方面推动发展居家医疗服务,最终建立一个科学有效的付费模式,让居家医疗服务可持续地发展下去。

信息化管理对卫生事业规划工作的影响和管理效果

卫生事业规划工作作为我国医疗机构重要部分,直接关系群众的身体健康和生活质量。在科技日新月异的今天,信息化已经成为卫生事业提高管理效率、提升工作服务质量的重要工具。凭借现代信息技术对卫生事业业务进行信息采集、处理、存储、传输和应用,将现代信息技术与卫生业务相结合,使卫生事业规划工作更智能、更便捷。然而,随着疾病种类多样化和医疗技术的快速发展,卫生事业规划工作也存在一系列的问题。文章探讨信息化管理对卫生事业规划工作的影响以及目前面临的问题,进一步分析相应的策略及管理效果、信息化管理对卫生事业规划工作的影响,助力卫生事业规划工作的良性发展。

职业院校技能大赛备赛方案的探索与实践——以老年护理与保健赛项为例

职业院校技能大赛是培养、选拔、评价技能人才的有力手段,是加强技能人才队伍建设的重要内容。根据国赛一等奖优秀指导教师的经验,先介绍大赛的背景、竞赛方式和竞赛内容,然后从赛项指导教师团队的组建、学生选拔、选手培养、赛前各阶段的训练方案及备赛关键问题等方面进行探索与尝试,希望能给相关院校技能大赛的备赛工作提供相应的参考与借鉴。以老年护理与保健赛项为例,以赛促教,将比赛的理念、标准及技术要求等融入专业建设与人才培养中,进一步助推教学改革,助力人才培养,从而增加专业养老服务人才的储备力量,提升养老服务人才的质量。

县级公共服务设施专项规划策略研究——以汨罗市为例

研究针对县级公共服务设施专项规划存在“县域层级不均,基层公共服务力量较为薄弱”“中心城区空间失衡,优质资源过度集中”“多类别公共服务设施规划深度难以把握”“以人口为依据测算规划总量难以推进”的困境,以汨罗市公共服务设施专项规划为例,构建公共服务设施专项规划编制的技术路线,从“补短板、筑体系、明传导、优空间”等方面提出规划策略,为同类公共服务设施专项规划提供参考。

Community-based educational intervention on necklace method as a natural family planning amongst reproductive age group women in India

Objective:To assess the effectiveness of a community-based educational intervention on necklace method as a natural family planning amongst reproductive age group women.This approach helps women decide on their reproductive health choices and avoid ill health,impact and long-term consequences of unwanted pregnancy that lead to unsafe abortion.Methods:A total of 120 women were selected using non-probability purposive sampling technique.The knowledge and practice of participants were assessed using the structured knowledge questionnaire and practice checklist followed by a community-based educational intervention to participants,which covered aspects such as meaning,purposes and criteria;steps of the procedure;and advantages and disadvantages of the necklace method.The methods of teaching were lecture cum discussion and demonstration.The collected data were analysed using SPSS version 21.Results:The levels of knowledge (t-14.571,P=0.023) and practice (t =14.571,P=0.026) significantly improved after administering the community-based educational intervention.Knowledge and practice positively correlated with each other (P < 0.05).Conclusions:Nurses play a vital role in educating women and creating awareness regarding modern and safe family planning methods.These methods are effective and essential to avoid unwanted pregnancy and thus greatly impact the health of women.

Interpretations of Key Points of National Nursing Developmental Project from 2016 to 2020

National Nursing Developmental Project from 2016 to 2020 w as printed and published by General Office of National Health and Family Planning Commission to further accelerate the development of medical nursing so as to meet the healthy requirements of the masses.This paper aimed to interpret the key points of the project from the aspects of excellent achievements in medical nursing development during the 12thFive-Year Plan,opportunities and challenges in nursing development during the 13thFive-Year Plan,guiding thought and primary principles,as w ell as the developmental targets,the primary assignments,the key projects and the supporting measures in the 13thFive-Year Plan,so as to provide the latest important information for nurses and patients w ith special requirements,and to improve nurses’professional nursing quality and capacity in medical nursing profession.

接受人工流产术的未婚女性及其男伴参与互动式健康教育的效果

目的:探讨接受人工流产术的未婚女性及其男伴参与互动式健康教育的效果。方法:选取2022年2月-4月在郑州市某三级甲等医疗机构门诊接受人工流产手术的未婚女性病人作为研究对象,根据参与者意愿分为干预组62例和对照组64例。对照组女性接受流产后关爱(PAC)标准化流程健康教育服务,干预组女性及其男伴共同接受互动式健康教育服务,从有效避孕知识水平、人工流产术准备程度、术后随访行为落实情况进行评价。结果:两组未婚女性术后留观有效避孕知识得分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),术后1个月、3个月的有效避孕知识得分比较差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。干预组未婚女性术后留观、术后1个月、术后3个月的有效避孕知识得分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),对照组未婚女性术后留观、术后1个月、术后3个月的有效避孕知识得分比较差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。两组未婚女性人工流产术准备程度比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组未婚女性术后1个月、3个月随访形式比较差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:有效避孕知识需大力在未婚女性群体中普及,男伴参与互动式健康教育对接受人工流产术的未婚女性有效避孕知识水平改变及人工流产术后随访行为落实影响显著。

中国“失智症防治行动”任务清单的建议:基于WHO全球行动视角

失智症作为重大公共卫生问题引起了全球的广泛关注,早期识别认知功能障碍的高危人群和针对风险因素进行干预,有助于预防失智症和延缓疾病进展。中国老年失智症患者数量的快速增长给防治体系、健康促进、社会支持及研究创新等工作带来挑战,制定“失智症防治行动”任务清单具有必要性,但目前仍处于探索阶段。本文结合WHO发起的“2017—2025年失智症公共卫生应对全球行动计划”,从WHO全球行动视角,结合中国政策及实践现状,从失智症防治风险因素干预、“以人为本”的照护、社会支持、信息系统建设、创新研究与科技转化等方面提出中国“失智症防治行动”任务清单,将中国当前的失智症防治重点及现实资源结合起来,以供相关失智症防治决策及实践参考。

基于适时模式的出院准备服务在口腔癌患者中的应用

目的 探讨基于适时模式的出院准备服务在口腔癌患者中的应用效果,以提高患者出院准备度和生活质量。方法 将行口腔癌皮瓣移植术的患者按照住院时间分为对照组89例(85例完成研究),给予口腔颌面外科常规护理及出院指导;干预组89例,组建多学科团队制定基于适时模式的出院准备服务流程,责任护士针对患者围术期不同阶段需求实施出院准备服务。结果 两组患者出院准备度、出院指导质量及生活质量得分比较,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论 基于适时模式的出院准备服务可以提高口腔癌患者的出院准备度水平,改善出院指导质量,提高患者术后的生活质量。

增强公共卫生体系能力 保障城市公共卫生安全:上海市第五轮加强公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划成效

2020年以来,上海市对标最高标准、最高水平,组织实施了《上海市加强公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划(2020—2022年)》(以下简称“第五轮三年行动计划”),旨在聚焦上海公共卫生体系的短板及新冠疫情防控中最直接、最紧迫的问题,着力补短板、强弱项、增能力,全力推动上海公共卫生体系基础设施、核心能力、学科人才及工作机制建设,实现“强项更强、弱项增强、短板补齐”。在上海市委、市政府领导,相关主管部门、各区政府和各项目单位共同努力下,第五轮三年行动计划实施平稳有序,项目建设卓有成效,持续夯实了全市公共卫生体系基础,加快推动了公共卫生各项应急管理和健康服务能力全面升级。

中国流动人口卫生健康与计划生育动态调查数据:2009-2018年多波大规模全国性横断面调查

这篇数据论文介绍了2009~2018年中国流动人口动态调查(Chinese Migrants Dynamic Survey,CMDS)的数据。CMDS是原国家卫生和计划生育委员会组织开展的全国流动人口的多年度大规模全国性横断面调查。调查对象为15岁以上的国内流动人口,样本取自中国流动人口信息系统,采用多阶段分层抽样方法和概率比例-大小(probability proportional-to-size,PPS)聚类抽样策略进行抽样。2009年至2018年,共有来自23个省、5个自治区和4个直辖市的1,527,650名流动人口参与了该调查。调查工具是由原国家卫生和计划生育委员会组织设计的一系列具有高度继承性和一致性的调查问卷,问卷内容主要包括被调查者及其家庭成员的基本情况、流动状况、医疗保健或健康行为、公共卫生服务利用情况、社会保险情况、社会融合情况、计划生育情况等。该数据集是目前使用最广泛的关于中国流动人口的调查数据,提供了有关流动人口的流动模式、医疗卫生和健康行为、公共卫生服务、社会保障、社会融合和计划生育的信息,对医疗卫生规划、卫生决策和卫生公平研究具有重要价值。

提升区域卫生规划编制科学性和规范性的思考与建议

区域卫生规划是政府对卫生健康事业实行宏观管理最为有效的手段,对于引导区域卫生资源合理配置,提升区域卫生综合服务效能具有重要意义。对我国区域卫生规划的基本架构和新时期卫生规划的主要趋势与重点领域进行总结,并结合实践体会阐述区域卫生规划编制工作中存在的主要问题与挑战,对如何提升区域卫生规划的科学性和规范性提出若干建议。