Edge Effect and Optimized Rural Tourism Planning——With Rural Tourism Planning of Lintong District in Xi'an City as a Study Case

Edge effect theory is introduced in this study to define the concepts and connotations of marginal zone and edge effect in the planning of rural tourism,and it is proposed that edge effect should be paid more attention.By taking the rural tourism planning of Lintong District for an example,the development and realization approaches of edge effect in rural tourism planning are further analyzed from both overall and detailed planning.

Analysis of effect factors-based stochastic network planning model

Looking at all the indeterminate factors as a whole and regarding activity durations as independent random variables, the traditional stochastic network planning models ignore the inevitable relationship and dependence among activity durations when more than one activity is possibly affected by the same indeterminate factors. On this basis of analysis of indeterminate effect factors of durations, the effect factors-based stochastic network planning （EFBSNP） model is proposed, which emphasizes on the effects of not only logistic and organizational relationships, but also the dependent relationships, due to indeterminate factors among activity durations on the project period. By virtue of indeterminate factor analysis the model extracts and describes the quantitatively indeterminate effect factors, and then takes into account the indeterminate factors effect schedule by using the Monte Carlo simulation technique. The method is flexible enough to deal with effect factors and is coincident with practice. A software has been developed to simplify the model-based calculation, in VisualStudio.NET language. Finally, a case study is included to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed model and comparison is made with some advantages over the existing models.

Effectiveness of Task Sharing and Task Shifting on the Uptake of Family Planning in Kenya

Background: Contraception is an inexpensive and cost-effective intervention, but health workforce shortages and restrictive policies on the roles of mid and lower-level cadres limit access to effective contraceptive methods in many settings. Task sharing and task shifting are strategies that can be adopted to increase uptake of health services including family planning. Methods: We collected data through online survey, key informant interviews and focused grouped discussions with an intervention group and that implemented the task sharing and task shifting policy guidelines and a control group that did not implement the policy. A total of 434 questionnaires were filled by health workers’ in primary health care facilities to assess effectiveness of task sharing and task shifting on the uptake of family planning services including its strengths and challenges. The questionnaire was designed with the aim of getting data on services provided by the cadres on effectiveness (number of clients, increase in use of methods, access to services), how they perceive these tasks, the bottlenecks and facilitating factors associated with the practice of task sharing and task shifting. Results: We found out that the task sharing and task shifting can expand and increase access to services as stated by 95% of the respondents. Most community health workers provided more of the family planning services at 45% with only 5% of the services of family planning being provided by medical officers. 98% of family planning services were integrated with other services. Task shifting was beneficial to the health care providers as well as the clients and the success of task sharing and task shifting depended on training, supportive supervision and a regulated environment through policies. Conclusion: The study shows that formalized task sharing and task shifting can increase health service uptake especially when community health workers are involved to provide services in the community. This leads to increased service provision, equivalent health professional performance across cadres and patient outcomes in the provision of family planning services.

Effect of Family Planning on Women's Lives in China

I.BackgroundFertilityhasdeclinedprecipitouslyinChinaoverthepastthreedecades,sotherearegenerationsofChinesewomenalivetodaywhohavebeenaffectedverydifferentlybyfamilyplanning.China'stotalfertilityrate(TFR)fellfrommorethansixchildreninthe1950stoaroundtwo...

The Mathematical Analysis on the Risk Management Effect of Crop Insurance Plan

As a variant index, variation has an inherent shortcoming that it can only reflect the static fluctuation of the crop. This paper makes complementary analysis about it on the basis of the comment on Miranda＇s approach of β index and goes on to analyze the β index approach under the condition of three kinds of crop insurance plans, β index approach has the advantage that it can dynamically reflect the risk transfer effect of crop insurance plan. At the same insurance level, the smaller the β index is, the better the corresponding risk transfer effect of crop insurance plan is; And vice versa.

《乡村教师支持计划》政策的实施成效与完善之策

《乡村教师支持计划》实施以来,全国各地政府高度重视,根据国家颁布的政策、结合本地实际情况,制订了地方乡村教师支持计划政策。该政策实施后产生了一定的积极作用,有效解决了乡村学校教师数量短缺问题,提高了乡村教师的留任意愿,促进了城乡教师交流,提升了乡村教师培训效果,提升了乡村教师队伍的整体素质和教学能力,进一步完善了乡村教师队伍建设保障机制,形成了一支结构合理、具有较高业务水平的乡村教师队伍,有效提升了乡村义务教育质量,促进了城乡义务教育均衡发展。尽管《支持计划》政策取得了很大成效,但还存在政策文本缺乏科学合理性、政策制度体系不完善、政策监管机制不健全等问题,需要进一步完善《支持计划》政策,建立健全相关制度和督查机制等,以确保《支持计划》政策实施的有效性。

激活数据要素 赋能千行万业——《“数据要素×”三年行动计划(2024—2026年)》政策解读

[目的/意义]2024年1月,《“数据要素×”三年行动计划(2024—2026年)》正式印发。文章对其主要内容进行解读,旨在探讨政策制定的背后逻辑,明确政策的核心要义与具体导向,从而推动政策落实,加快数据要素市场化建设。[方法/过程]从乘数效应、保障支持、组织实施三大方面对政策主要内容进行阐释。[结果/结论]政策以各行业领域的实际需求为着眼点,以协同优化、复用增效、融合创新为数据要素乘数效应发挥的主要路径,同时保障数据要素流通的效率与安全,并最终通过多措并举来实现数据要素在各行业领域的深度融合和创新应用。

功能性便秘病人结肠镜检查前肠道准备护理方案的构建与应用

目的:构建功能性便秘病人结肠镜检查前肠道准备护理方案并探讨该方案应用效果。方法:通过文献分析、小组讨论、专家咨询构建便秘病人结肠镜检查前肠道清洁护理方案,采用便利抽样法选取医院消化内科2022年10月—2023年3月收治的功能性便秘病人,根据病区分为对照组(n=60)和观察组(n=60),对照组给予常规的肠道清洁护理,观察组在常规护理基础上给予功能性便秘病人肠道准备护理方案,比较两组的肠道准备得分及合格率、病变检出率、肠道准备依从性、肠道准备耐受性。结果:观察组的肠道准备合格率、病变检出率和肠道准备依从性均高于对照组(P<0.05),观察组肠道准备过程中出现恶心、腹胀、呕吐、睡眠障碍的例数少于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:功能性便秘病人结肠镜检查前肠道准备护理方案可以提高病人的肠道准备合格率、病变检出率、肠道准备依从性,减少肠道准备过程中的不良反应。

高职师范生职业决策自我效能感对就业力的影响研究:职业生涯规划的中介作用

采用方便抽样法,利用职业决策自我效能感量表、就业力量表、职业生涯规划量表对547名学前教育专业和早期教育专业学生进行调查。研究发现,高职师范生职业决策自我效能感、就业力、职业生涯规划均处于中等以上水平,职业决策自我效能感与就业力呈正相关关系,职业生涯规划在其中起部分中介作用。基于此,建议高职院校要通过开设职业发展课程、举办职业生涯工作坊和开展实习实践活动,提高学生对自己职业决策能力的信心;系统化职业生涯规划教育,确保学生能够根据自己的兴趣和能力做出明智的职业选择;建立职业发展支持体系,提供全覆盖、全方位、全程化的指导与服务;跟踪学生职业发展,及时提供必要的支持和帮助。

哈萨克斯坦教育行政机构改革及教育发展规划执行成效

哈萨克斯坦自独立后经历了30多年的发展历程,教育领域也逐渐从被动延续苏联传统过渡到自主探索发展道路的阶段。尤其是托卡耶夫任总统以来,针对教育领域的改革日益深入,伴随建设“新哈萨克斯坦”和“倾听型国家”的理念,哈萨克斯坦从中央到地方的教育行政机构设置均得以完善。在推行每五年一次的国家教育发展规划过程中,各教育阶段的发展状况均受到不同层面的重视。目前,得益于政府和教育主管部门的各项举措,学前教育、基础教育、职业技术教育、高等教育和研究生教育等各领域的发展困境均得到了不同程度的解决。尽管如此,国家的整体教育水平仍存在较大的提升空间,未来面临的各种挑战对哈萨克斯坦的教育行政制度将是巨大考验。

“双高计划”辐射效应:形成条件、现实困境与对策

“双高计划”是国家以项目为载体统一质量标准,引导高职学校进一步深化改革探索,以点带面提高中国高职教育整体水平的重大项目。建设学校被赋予通过实施“双高计划”探索高职教育高质量发展的可复制可推广经验与理论,带动其他高职院校共同发展的历史使命。因此,“双高计划”辐射效应的形成与作用发挥对于实现“双高计划”总体目标具有重要意义。以辐射理论、组织模仿理论及其相关研究为学理基础,分析了“双高计划”辐射效应形成所需要具备的基本条件,对实践中“双高计划”辐射效应形成所面临的现实问题和阻碍因素进行分析,并提出促进“双高计划”辐射效应形成的对策。

审议促监督的转化机制——以Y市空间规划监督工作为例

人民代表大会制度是我国的根本政治制度,各级人民政府由人大产生,对人大负责,受人大监督。人大监督是规制现代政府公权力,避免其异化的重要环节。既有研究重在监督权力的配置与归属,研究对象较为传统,监督工具的缺失致使监督权力的运行过程还较为模糊。审议是地方人大对规划行政实施监督的重要工具,然而从工具的使用到监督效能的转化,其过程机制还有待揭示。为此,文章以Y市为基础,以访谈文本的扎根分析为依托,对审议全过程进行研究。研究发现,现阶段人大对规划的审议,更多表现为工具理性,监督价值有待引入。地方人大要实现对空间规划的有效监督必须考虑审议议题、审议程序和审议结果三要素,并且让审议三要素分别在压力机制、追责机制和赋能机制的主导下发挥效用。

基于长江雨课堂的矿床学课程教学实践

长江雨课堂作为一种线上教学工具,在全国范围内得到广泛的好评。雨课堂是基于PowerPoint运行的智慧教学方案,可以通过三步式“课前—课中—课后”为学生和老师提供全方位服务。该文立足矿床学课程教学实践,主要探讨长江雨课堂为传统线下教育教学带来的影响,雨课堂的三步式方案显著提高教学质量,打造高效课堂。

增强大学生职业生涯规划与就业指导工作实效性的策略研究

通过构建“四维一体”职业生涯规划与就业全方位教育指导工作体系,建立高校大学生职业生涯规划与就业指导工作的帮扶长效机制,提升就业指导服务工作的精致化、科学化、专业化水平,切实增强大学生职业生涯规划与就业指导工作实效性。

应对供水突发公共事件的炭砂滤池应急改造技术研究

依托武汉某水厂开展中试考察不同炭砂配比对水中污染物的去除效果,探究不同冲洗参数对冲洗效果的影响。结果表明,最佳炭层和砂层厚度为800 mm和500 mm,最佳冲洗方式为16 L/(m^(2)·s)气冲3 min、间隔2 min、13 L/(m^(2)·s)水冲9 min。1#炭砂滤柱对氨和高锰酸盐指数的平均去除率分别为46.99%和54.81%,其对有机物的去除效果明显优于砂滤柱,当进水浊度低于2 NTU时,1#炭砂滤柱浊度平均去除率可达85.67%,出水满足厂区滤后水浊度指标的要求。采用最佳炭砂配比和冲洗方式,1#炭砂滤柱滤后水浊度和高锰酸盐指数去除率可达89.56%和66.27%。结合上述中试结果,并通过对实际工程中砂滤池及炭砂滤池进行调研,形成一套完整的炭砂滤池工程改造方案,为应对供水突发事件时砂滤池改造为炭砂滤池提供一定的理论指导。

学历案在初中生物学教学中的应用效果分析

设计了“人体对食物的消化和吸收(第1课时)”的学历案,并在当地初中生物学教学中实施。教学后,对学历案完成情况、学生对学历案的看法进行了分析。结果表明:学历案对初中学生学习生物学有积极影响,可以在初中生物学教学中运用。同时总结了学历案设计和实施中存在的问题与建议。

湖北省全口径水土流失治理现状调查及对策研究

当前,湖北省水土流失防治取得了显著成效,但成效仍不稳固,防治任务仍然繁重。建立规划实施监测评估机制,统筹区域全口径水土流失治理情况、跟踪规划实施情况,有利于切实提升区域水土流失治理效益,切实改善区域水土流失情况。收集整理了湖北省8个三级水土保持功能区内的典型县全口径水土流失治理措施实施相关情况以及各类项目图斑、竣工验收图和评估年卫星影像等资料,结合GF-1卫星遥感影像分析及无人机摄影测量等手段踏查治理图斑现场并矢量化治理图斑信息,完成了图斑现场信息化复核校验工作,基本摸清了2020年全口径新增水土流失治理任务分部门、分工程、分措施、分图斑分解落实情况。发现湖北省全口径水土流失治理措施图斑坐标准确率为96.13%、图斑有效率为93.22%、图斑完成率为97.37%,但部分项目进度存在一定滞后、田间配套设施配置不太完善、人为扰动风险仍居高位等实际困难。据此,提出了强化目标责任考核、健全监督检查和监理工作机制、推动防治工作统筹的对策建议,可为湖北省水土流失治理满足《全国水土保持规划(2015~2030年)》中制定的目标任务提供决策依据。

Study on the Development and Planning of Eco-tourism Manor

With the rapid development of eco-tourism and "happy farmhouse" tourism, eco-tourism manor had received more attentions and developed vigorously. The paper had proposed the concept of eco-tourism manor, and studied its design and project planning based on the analysis of development situation, existing problems and development opportunities of eco-tourism manor in China. Then, it had analyzed the economic, social and environmental effects. Finally, in view of problems existing in eco-tourism and "happy farmhouse" tourism development, countermeasures and methods for eco-tourism manor development had been proposed from the perspective of financing channels, planning design, residents' benefits, service facilities and management, so as to provide a guidance for planning, construction and development of eco-tourism manor.

铁路光带覆盖理论与实践探析

为明确铁路覆盖效果测算的基本原理和判定标准,提升测算质量和效率,对铁路光带覆盖理论与实践问题进行研究。在介绍铁路覆盖测算的基础上,阐述铁路光带覆盖理论基本概念,提出运用光带覆盖理论进行覆盖测算的主要流程,包括选定测算线路、生成覆盖光带、指定覆盖对象、覆盖效果测算等步骤,研究光带生成理论、权威统计口径、合理覆盖对象等问题,并提出路网覆盖行政区测算、路网覆盖经济社会发展指标测算、规划项目必要性分析、关键节点覆盖测算4个光带覆盖理论的主要应用方向。结合地理信息技术,提出基于缓冲区的铁路光带覆盖信息化自动测算方法,分析了GIS二次开发的基本算法流程和关键技术。实践证明,光带覆盖理论能够准确高效地实现高速铁路覆盖效果测算,已成为我国铁路覆盖评价的主要方法,相关思路可为基础设施覆盖效果评价提供参考。