Blind Joint DOA and Polarization Estimation for Polarization Sensitive Coprime Planar Arrays via a Fast-Convergence Quadrilinear Decomposition Approach

The problem of joint direction of arrival(DOA)and polarization estimation for polarization sensitive coprime planar arrays(PS-CPAs)is investigated,and a fast-convergence quadrilinear decomposition approach is proposed.Specifically,we first decompose the PS-CPA into two sparse polarization sensitive uniform planar subarrays and employ propagator method(PM)to construct the initial steering matrices separately.Then we arrange the received signals into two quadrilinear models so that the potential DOA and polarization estimates can be attained via quadrilinear alternating least square(QALS).Subsequently,we distinguish the true DOA estimates from the approximate intersecting estimations of the two subarrays in view of the coprime feature.Finally,the polarization estimates paired with DOA can be obtained.In contrast to the conventional QALS algorithm,the proposed approach can remarkably reduce the computational complexity without degrading the estimation performance.Simulations demonstrate the superiority of the proposed fast-convergence approach for PS-CPAs.

Distributed genetic algorithm for optimal planar arrays of aperture synthesis telescope

Sparse arrays of telescopes have a limited (u, v)-plane coverage. In this paper, an optimization method for designing planar arrays of an aperture synthesis telescope is proposed that is based on distributed genetic algorithm. This distributed genetic algorithm is implemented on a network of workstations using community communication model. Such an aperture synthesis system performs with imperfection of (u, v) components caused by deviations and(or) some missing baselines. With the maximum (u, v)-plane coverage of this rotation-optimized array, the image of the source reconstructed by inverse Fourier transform is satisfactory.

HEVC帧内预测Planar和DC模式算法的并行化设计

针对HEVC帧内预测Planar和DC模式算法的特点,提出实现这两种模式的并行化方法。该方法是通过分析推导Planar和DC模式算法之间的可并行性,以西安邮电大学自主设计的一款面向图形、图像应用的阵列处理器PAAG(Polymorphic Array Architecture for Graphics and Image Processing)平台为基础,采用最优的数据分配方式,合理地设计了多处理单元并行工作的算法程序。实验结果表明Planar预测模式和DC预测模式在多处理单元上的并行实现,相比于单核的串行运算速度分别提高了84%和81%,串/并行加速比分别达到6.34和5.44。该并行化算法减少了视频的编解码时间,其数据分配方案对于帧内预测算法在多核结构上的并行化研究也有一定的参考价值。

Impact of Element Spacing on the Radiation Pattern of Planar Array of Monopole Antenna

In recent years, several attempts have been made in designing planar array antennas with high directivity. This paper is aimed at investigating the impact of element spacing on the directivity of planar array of monopole antenna. The directivity of antenna with reduced grating lobes can be obtained by carefully varying the inter-element spacing of array antenna. Based on this conception, this paper presents the investigation carried out on the relationship between inter-element spacing and the directivity of planar array of monopole antenna. It went further to highlight the effect on the total fields radiated by the antenna. The inter-element spacing is one of the most important antenna parameters that determine the directivity of the antenna. For a planar array of monopole, the directivity can be improved by varying the inter-element spacing. Four elements uniform planar array antenna and Hadamard matrix method was used to determine element positioning in the array matrix. The simulated results obtained using Matlab, showed that good directivity was obtained by using element spacing between 0.1λ - 0.5λ. Increasing the spacing beyond 0.6λ - 1.0λ also improved the directivity, but generated many grating lobes. As inter-element spacing increased, the grating lobes increased in size, number and levels. The study, therefore, inferred that the best directivity (radiation pattern) can only be obtained when the element spacing is within 0.1 - 0.5λ.

Investigation of the Resistance and Inductance of Planar Wire Array Z-Pinch at the Qiangguang Accelerator

The resistance and inductance of a wire array during an implosion are very important parameters of interest to：researchers. A variety of inductances and resistances directly affect the kinetic energy and resistance heat energy coupled from a pulsed-power generator. In this paper, the inductance and resistance of a planar wire array during the Z-pinch process are analyzed. The inductance is calculated from the data obtained by a time-resolved soft X-ray framed camera, while the resistance is calculated through the voltage and the current of the wire array load combined with the variety of the inductance. The results show that the resistance of the load increases with the development of the implosion, and reaches its maximum at 0.29 ± 0.16Ω near the pinched time.

Two dynamics modes in planar wire array Z pinch implosion

Two dynamics modes, named short ablation mode and long ablation mode, are observed in implosion experiments of planar wire array Z pinch on ＇QiangGuang-I＇ facility utilizing an optical streak camera. The long ablation mode has a lagged trajectory compared with the short ablation mode. For shot 10035 in a short ablation mode, the initial time of K-shell radiation is consistent with the interaction time for ablation plasma arriving at the centre of wire array, while for shot 10038 in long ablation mode, the initial time of K-shell radiation is about 10 ns earlier. In the two modes, the partial ablation plasma could traverse the wire array plane and then collide in the centre to form a dense plasma column with a diameter of 2.2 mm for shot 10035 and 1.5 mm for shot 10038.

4-ELEMENT PLANAR ARRAY ANTENNA FOR UWB APPLICATION

A novel low-cost 4-element planar array antenna directly fed by a coaxial cable for Ultra-WideBand(UWB) application is presented. The proposed antenna consists of 2×2 bowtie elements and a simple 1:4 power divider feeding network. Compared to the basic bowtie element, the impedance bandwidth of the array antenna has a significant improvement that the low cut-off frequency is extended from 6 GHz of the bowtie element to 2 GHz. The measured results show that the proposed antenna has a large bandwidth of 2 GHz to 11 GHz for Voltage Standing Wave Ratio(VSWR)<2, and exhibits a bidirectional radiation pattern and a modest gain across the operating band and a peak gain of about 9 dBi at 11 GHz.

Crack Length Quantification Based on Planar Eddy-Current Sensor Array and Two-Dimensional Image

Eddy-current (EC) testing is an effective electromagnetic non-destructive testing (NDT) technique.Planar eddy-current sensor arrays have several advantages such as good coherence,fast response speed,and high sensitivity,which can be used for micro-damage inspection of crucial parts in mechanical equipments and aerospace aviation.The main purpose of this research is to detect the defect in a metallic material surface and identify the length of a crack using planar eddy-current sensor arrays in different directions.The principle and characteristics of planar eddy-current sensor arrays are introduced,and a crack length quantification algorithm in different directions is investigated.A damage quantitative detection system is established based on a field programmable gate array and ARM processor.The system is utilized to inspect the micro defect in a metallic material,which is carved to micro crack with size of 7mm(length)×0.1mm(width)×1mm(depth).The experimental data show that the sensor arrays can be used for the length measurement repeatedly,and that the uncertainty of the length measurement is below ±0.2mm.

Beamforming and Angle-of-Arrival Estimation of Square Planar Antenna Array

This paper presents a dual-band planar antenna array for ISM band applications (2.4 GHz and 2.45 GHz). This antenna is proposed for indoor applications and enables adaptive beamforming and angle of arrival (AOA) estimation. An adaptive beamforming algorithm is applied for a planar antenna array, which is able to steer its main beam and nulls in azimuth and elevation planes over a wide frequency band. Planar antenna array operates as a spatial filter in 3D space, processing the received signals with weighting schemes. A planar antenna array is designed for AOA estimation in azimuth and elevation planes by using MUltiple SIgnal Classification (MUSIC) based on subspace algorithm. The Base Station (BS) equipped with this planar antenna is preferred to be at the center position on the room ceiling to cover all sectors of the room. It is designed to use four directional triangular elements arranged to form a square planar antenna array. Planar antenna with four elliptical slotted triangular elements (PAFESTE) is used to obtain optimal directivity in four directions in azimuth plane with specific orientation of 30? in elevation plane. It is characterized by half power beamwidth in elevation plane of about 60? and half power beamwidth in azimuth plane of about 90?.

基于宽频激励的平面电磁层析成像方法

为了实现对高低电导率材料的检测与成像,提出了一种基于宽频激励的平面电磁层析成像方法。根据线圈的电磁特性及实验测试结果,探讨了平面线圈阵列的优化方法。通过有限元仿真模型,采用场量提取法获取灵敏度矩阵,并针对灵敏度矩阵的均匀性问题提出了改进方法,提高了图像重建质量。通过仿真模型评估了不同电导率物体的图像重建质量,仿真结果证明了提出的平面电磁层析成像方法可以实现对高低电导率材料的成像。搭建了基于宽频激励的平面电磁层析成像实验系统,并对多种不同电导率物体进行了成像实验。实验结果表明,重建图像平均相关系数为0.77,平均定位误差为4.46 mm。

一种新型应用于平面电容层析成像系统的电容阵列传感器设计

平面电容层析成像(ECT)技术适用于复合材料表面/亚表面缺陷探伤检测,或传感器安装受限制等无损检测应用领域。针对常规平面ECT系统所采用的方形结构阵列传感器灵敏度分布均匀性较差、中心区域成像质量不高的问题,提出了一种新型结构阵列平面电容传感器,该传感器由7个单元传感电极构成蜂巢结构阵列。新型结构阵列传感器由COMSOLTM专业软件进行建模分析,并设定静电场边界条件,求解并获得传感器的电场分布、极间电容值以及计算灵敏度矩阵。通过与相同尺寸的3×3方形阵列传感器进行比较,来评估新型结构阵列传感器的关键性能,即极间电容变化值和灵敏度分布均匀性。此外,传感器实物采用印刷电路板技术设计制作,结合线性反投影算法进行图像重建,比较和验证两种结构传感器的成像性能。经过数值成像实验和实物重建图像测试,结果表明,新型结构阵列传感器有利于电容传感信号检测,改善了传感器灵敏度分布均匀性,提高了平面ECT系统中心区域成像质量。

基于FCM及快速迭代收缩阈值算法的平面ECT图像重建

为提高平面阵列电容成像系统的成像精度,提出一种基于模糊C均值聚类(FCM)进行数据优化的快速迭代收缩阈值算法(FISTA)。根据平面阵列电容数据的特点,首先利用FCM算法对测量电容值进行分类,保留有效电容值,实现电容向量降维;然后利用离散小波基(DWT)对灰度值进行稀疏表示,并建立L1正则化模型,采用FISTA进行求解,以实现图像重建;最后将FCM处理后的电容值分别用于Landweber算法、Tikhonov算法进行重建对比。仿真与实验结果表明,该算法重建图像的平均相对误差约为0.0527,平均相关系数约为0.9422,均优于其它算法,且重建图像伪影较少,更接近真实情况;因此,所提算法具有更好的重建效果。。

一维阵列电子注平面聚焦系统磁场分布特性

针对平面集成行波管对一维阵列电子注聚焦的应用需求,设计了4通道电子注平面磁聚焦系统。将各通道磁场轴向和横向分量沿轴分布特征计算结果与测试结果进行对比,确认了Opera软件计算磁场分布特征的准确性。为与轴对称周期永磁(PPM)聚焦系统电子注通道内磁场分布特性进行对比,建立了轴对称PPM聚焦系统模型,测试结果与计算结果一致性较好。通过平面聚焦系统与轴对称PPM聚焦系统电子注通道内的磁场纵向和横向分布特性对比表明,两种聚焦系统电子注通道内纵向和横向磁场具有相同的分布特征,在离轴相同位置的圆周上横向磁场分量与轴向分量的比值均为Bx/Bz≈0.11,该平面聚焦系统可实现一维阵列圆形电子注的良好聚焦。

EMVS互质面阵张量波束成形

相比于标量传感器均匀阵列,电磁矢量传感器(electromagnetic vector sensor,EMVS)稀疏阵列能够在降低系统软硬件成本的同时感知更大范围、更高维度的空间信号信息,并通过精尖波束扫描实现信源测向性能的综合提升。然而,传统基于矩阵信号建模的波束成形算法难以利用EMVS接收信号的多维结构化信息,且存在由阵元稀疏排布所引入的虚峰干扰问题。为了应对上述挑战,提出了面向EMVS互质面阵的张量波束成形算法,有效利用了空域互质采样的波束分布特性和张量信号处理的优势实现指向性张量波束扫描测向。具体而言,将EMVS互质面阵中稀疏均匀子面阵的接收信号表示为一对涵盖多维度空间电磁信息的高维张量,并从张量信号空域滤波的准则出发,设计面向稀疏均匀子面阵的张量化最小方差无畸变响应优化问题。为了克服由上述优化问题中张量内积项所造成的传统求解方法失效难题,提出通过张量权重的canonical polyadic分解,将原始张量化最小方差无畸变响应优化问题转换为对应波达方向信息维度与极化状态信息维度的子问题,并基于各子问题的局部最优解设计交替迭代求解方法,以获得张量权重的全局最优解。进而,基于张量空间的质数分解唯一性分析,理论证明一对满足互质阵元排布的稀疏均匀子面阵所对应的虚峰具有互不重叠特性,并提出张量波束功率的互质合成处理方法,以此构造具备精尖主瓣且虚峰抵消的张量波束功率图,从而实现多信源空间方位的精准估计。仿真结果验证了所提EMVS互质面阵张量波束成形算法的有效性。

基于四面体特征的面阵激光雷达与相机标定方法

为了提高面阵激光雷达与相机标定精度,提出了一种基于四面体结构的面阵激光雷达与相机标定方法。利用图像中角点的反投影射线和点云中直线特征建立“点-三线”的对应关系,提高了约束强度,根据异面直线间的距离和投影直线间的夹角建立约束方程,通过非线性优化求解相机和雷达坐标系间的变换向量并最终得到变换矩阵。构建三角板和地面组成的四面体结构并进行实验验证,实验结果表明:该方法的平均投影误差在0.6像素以内,优于其他两种标定方法,为后续激光雷达数据与图像数据融合提供了研究基础。

同面阵列电容传感器输出信号质量评估研究

通过有限元仿真和实验系统评估了3×4阵列电极同面电容传感器电极对输出信号质量。结果表明,减少电极间距和增加接触边缘长度有利于提高电极对输出信号质量。提出了一种评估同面电容传感器输出信号质量的指标——电极利用率。对不同独立电极数量电极利用率的输出信号质量进行了评估。结果表明,增加独立电极数量只能在一定程度上增加有效输出信息,且引入大量噪声。随着独立电极数量增加,电极利用率下降,解释了独立电极数量增加输出信号质量反而下降的原因。图像重建结果与电极利用率分析结论一致。实验和仿真结果验证了电极利用率评估多电极同面电容传感器输出信号质量的有效性。该方法和结论可为同面电容传感器阵列电极设计和输出信号处理提供参考。

双线偏振全数字相控阵天气雷达设计与试验

基于极端灾害性天气对高时空分辨率的探测需求,提出了一种采用平板阵列天线和全数字收发组件,并具有双线偏振功能的S波段相控阵天气雷达系统的实现方法,并对涉及的关键技术进行了研究分析,提出了基于脉内频相扫多波束的扫描策略设计,以及基于机内标定系统的在线标定设计思路。最后采用研制的工程样机开展了强对流天气观测试验,并与CINRAD/SAD雷达的观测数据进行了对比,对比结果表明采用该方法设计的工程样机对强对流天气的观测具有一定优势。

基于改进型灰狼优化算法和窗函数加权的稀布矩形平面阵列天线综合

针对在阵列孔径、阵元数目、最小阵元间距等多约束条件下的稀布矩形平面阵列天线优化问题,提出了基于改进型灰狼优化(improved grey wolf optimizer,IGWO)算法和窗函数加权的稀布矩形平面阵列天线综合方法。首先,利用Tent混沌映射、非线性收敛因子、优势狼动态置信策略和对立学习策略对灰狼优化(grey wolf optimizer,GWO)算法进行改进,增加算法的种群多样性和跳出局部最优的能力。然后,利用窗函数对阵列单元进行加权,生成位置分布矩阵,减少稀疏矩阵优化时间,提高优化效率。最后,利用位置分布矩阵生成稀疏阵列,再运用IGWO算法进行多约束条件的稀布优化。为验证所提方法的有效性进行了仿真实验,实验结果表明,本文方法可以有效提高阵列天线的性能,降低峰值旁瓣电平,对于解决在多约束条件下的阵列分布问题,具有一定的工程意义和参考价值。

基于平面线圈阵列的电动汽车无线充电金属异物检测方法研究

针对电动汽车无线充电,有效检测充电区域内的金属异物对保障电动汽车的充电安全和充电效率具有重要意义。因此,文中提出了一种基于平面线圈阵列的金属异物检测新方法。利用4×4结构的平面线圈阵列作为主要感测元件,结合电磁层析成像技术重建充电区域的电导率分布图像,对重建图像进行后处理获得金属异物的轮廓、位置和数量信息。有限元仿真与实物实验结果表明,此方法能有效检测数种常见金属异物。

面向二维波达方向估计的无孔洞互质面阵设计

针对传统互质平面阵列(Coprime planar array, CPA)结构在使用其差分共阵(Difference coarray,DCA)进行二维波达方向(Direction of arrival,DOA)估计时存在孔洞,因此损失可用连续自由度的问题,本文提出了一种无孔洞互质面阵(Hole?free coprime planar array,HFCPA)结构。这种面阵由无孔洞互质线阵分别沿x轴和y轴扩展得到,其DCA为无孔洞的矩形阵。此外,本文还给出了最佳HFCPA结构,以充分放大可用的连续自由度。仿真结果表明,与现有互质面阵结构相比,所提面阵结构在连续自由度数量、虚拟化效率和二维DOA估计性能方面具有优越性。