The developmental activities, particularly the construction of hydroelectric projects are causing a great loss of biodiversity in the Indian Himalayan Region. The Himaehal Pradesh, a part of IHR is well known for the ...The developmental activities, particularly the construction of hydroelectric projects are causing a great loss of biodiversity in the Indian Himalayan Region. The Himaehal Pradesh, a part of IHR is well known for the development of hydroelectric projects. The Parbati H.E. Project is amongst the major projects of the State. The different stages of the project are all causing loss of biodiversity of the area. Stage Ⅲ of the Parbati H.E. Project is a run of the river scheme on the Sainj River downstream of Power House of Parbati H.E. Project Stage Ⅱ. The project shall utilize regulated discharge of Parbati H.E. Project Stage Ⅱ and inflow of River Sainj for power generation, and has been contemplated as a peaking station operating in tandem with Stage Ⅱ. The present study has been undertaken to see the impact of hydroelectric project on the biodiversity, particularly on medicinal plants. A total of 104 species of medicinal plants, belonging to different life forms, i.e., trees (23 spp.), shrubs (22 spp.), herbs (57 spp.) and ferns (2 spp.) were recorded. The species have been analyzed and studied for their distribution, classification, altitudinal zones, part (s) used, indigenous uses, nativity, endemism and rarity.Different parts of these species, such as whole plants, roots (including rhizomes and tubers), leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds, stems, barks, spikes, nuts and insect galls are used by the inhabitants for curing various diseases and ailments. 3o species are native to the Himalayan region, 9 species native to the Himalayan region and adjacent countries also and 65 species are non-natives. 9 species are near endemics. Considering the whole Himalaya as a biogeographie unit (sensu lato), the near endemics are endemic to the Himalaya. Among these species, Zanthoxylum armature is categorized as Endangered and Valeriana wallichii as Vulnerable. Hedychium spicatum, Rhus javanica, Berberis lycium, Thalictrum foliolossum, Salvia lanata, Rubia cordifolia and Bergenia ligulata may be considered as threatened species due to their over exploitation for trade. 90 species are propagated by seeds, 8 species by seeds and rhizomes/roots/tubers, 4 species by seeds and cuttings, and 2 species by sori. A management plan for the cultivation and conservation of the medicinal plants in the dam submergence area, and the commercially viable medicinal plants with high value in the catchment area is suggested.展开更多
In order to maintain the overall social interest in land use and improve the level of land administration, an information system for land-use planning and management (ISLUPM) was established, which is composed of pr...In order to maintain the overall social interest in land use and improve the level of land administration, an information system for land-use planning and management (ISLUPM) was established, which is composed of presentation layer, business logic layer and data layer in the general structure. The application support platform of the ISLUPM, built based on COM, COM + and .NET standard components, includes data engine, data management, assemblies, components management, operation management, and interface. Then, an elaboration was made on major functions of the ISLUPM, such as planning revision scheme, planning operation flow, digital processing, thematic analysis and inquiry, and preparation of the chart of reserved land resources. The developed system has been successfully applied to the land-use planning and management work of Longquanyi District, Chengdu, China. It may provide a reference for development of geographic information system (GIS) for land and resources.展开更多
Management Information System provides an effective way for enterprises to improve their competitive abilities. It presents a framework for improving the management models through the design and implementation of effe...Management Information System provides an effective way for enterprises to improve their competitive abilities. It presents a framework for improving the management models through the design and implementation of effective and high-quality MIS. So it is very important to the modem management of corporations. ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) system is one of the core parts of MIS, which solves the matter of management model mainly. ERP is a popular method enabling the business processes required to compete with the globalization. The thesis cites SAP R/3 to introduce the general structure and function of ERP. Global Enterprise Resource Planning Implementation is increasingly becoming the successful choice of MIS.展开更多
Objective To study the origin and development,framework and content of the EU-RMP(European Drug Risk Management Plan)so as to provide a reference for China’s drug risk management plan(RMP).Methods Literature research...Objective To study the origin and development,framework and content of the EU-RMP(European Drug Risk Management Plan)so as to provide a reference for China’s drug risk management plan(RMP).Methods Literature research and comparative research were used in this paper.Through searching Chinese and foreign literature,the website of European Medicines Agency(EMA)and the Guideline on Good Pharmacovigilance Practices(GVP),in-depth understanding of the EU-RMP content and requirements,some lessons were extracted for our reference.Results and Conclusion All departments should cooperate closely in the preparation of RMP in China.Then,the risk control measures should be further enriched to reduce the risks.Besides,the rules for implementing RMP should be clarified to promote the risk management of the whole life cycle of drugs and maintain the safety of patients’medication.展开更多
The General Office of the State Council released the 13th Five-Year Plan for China's National Emergency System Construction(Plan for short).According to the Plan,China's emergency management laws and regulatio...The General Office of the State Council released the 13th Five-Year Plan for China's National Emergency System Construction(Plan for short).According to the Plan,China's emergency management laws and regulations and standards system need to be further improved and the basic capabilities of emergency management should continue to be enhanced.展开更多
This paper introduces the energy consumption status in China, elaborate the affects of the unreasonable energy consumption structure on energy environment and sustainable development of economy. Simultaneously, it poi...This paper introduces the energy consumption status in China, elaborate the affects of the unreasonable energy consumption structure on energy environment and sustainable development of economy. Simultaneously, it points out the solution, i.e., to implement integrated resources planning (IRP)/demand side management (DSM), and gives some recommendations on the way of implementing IRP/DSM.展开更多
Exercise training provides physiological benefits for both improving athletic performance and maintaining good health. Different exercise training modalities and strategies exist. Two common exercise strategies are hi...Exercise training provides physiological benefits for both improving athletic performance and maintaining good health. Different exercise training modalities and strategies exist. Two common exercise strategies are high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous exercise training (MCT). HIIT was first used early in the 20th century and popularized later that century for improving performance of Olympic athletes. The primary premise underlying HIIT is that, compared to energy expenditure-matched MCT, a greater amount of work is performed at a higher intensity during a single exercise session which is achieved by alternating high-intensity exercise intervals with low-intensity exercise or rest intervals. Emerging research suggests that this same training method can provide beneficial effects for patients with a chronic disease and should be included in the comprehensive medical management plan. Accordingly, a major consideration in developing an individual exercise prescription for a patient with a chronic disease is the selection of an appropriate exercise strategy. In order to maximize exercise training benefits, this strategy should be tailored to the individual's need. The focus of this paper is to provide a brief summary of the current literature re^ardin~ the use of HIIT to enhance the fimctional capacity of individuals with cardiovascular, pulmonary, and diabetes diseases.展开更多
A GIS is proposed as a tool for the managing plan for the Antarctic specially managed area (ASMA) in Admiralty Bay.The ASMA comprises the area considered to be within the glacial drainage basin of the bay.Furthermore,...A GIS is proposed as a tool for the managing plan for the Antarctic specially managed area (ASMA) in Admiralty Bay.The ASMA comprises the area considered to be within the glacial drainage basin of the bay.Furthermore,it includes part of SSSI No.8 adjacent to the area but outside of the glacial drainage basin.Three stations and six refuges are located in the area.Using a SPOT satellite image map,the limits of the ASMA are marked and its area is re_calculated.It consists of 362 km 2,including 186 km 2 island ice field and small cirque glaciers and 32 km 2 ice_free field.The rest comprises water of the bay and a small adjacent area (8 km 2) of the Bransfield Strait.The ASMA_GIS will consists of 12 data layers ranging from the physiographic settings to the biological and administrative features.All data will be implemented into Arc/Info GIS according to the cartographic guidelines of the SCAR WG_GGI.First,five plans of information will be realised using a topographic database compiled from various sources and data from the revised bathymetric chart published by the Brazilian Navy Hydrographic Survey and also including: 1) Limits of the ASMA and protected areas;2) Glaciological features (e.g.drainage basin limits) and 3) Human presence (e.g.stations and historical sites).These basic GIS layers will be operational in early 2001.Then,additional data on the remaining layers (e.g.hydrology,geology and geomorphology) will be included from published sources. The ASMA_GIS will form an important database for environmental monitoring and studies surveying temporal changes of features such as glacier front positions or bird breading sites.展开更多
This paper examines task partition problem in a Multiagent based Distributed Open Computing Environment Model(MDOCEM). We first present a formal method to describe the task partition problem, then give a heuristic al...This paper examines task partition problem in a Multiagent based Distributed Open Computing Environment Model(MDOCEM). We first present a formal method to describe the task partition problem, then give a heuristic algorithm to solve the task partition problem that gives an approximate optimum solution.展开更多
Estimating the carbon storage of forests is essential to support climate change mitigation and promote the transition into a low-carbon emission economy.To achieve this goal,voluntary carbon markets(VCMs)are essential...Estimating the carbon storage of forests is essential to support climate change mitigation and promote the transition into a low-carbon emission economy.To achieve this goal,voluntary carbon markets(VCMs)are essential.VCMs are promoted by a spontaneous demand,not imposed by binding targets,as the regulated ones.In Italy,only in Veneto and Piedmont Regions(Northern Italy),VCMs through forestry activities were carried out.Valle Camonica District(Northern Italy,Lombardy Region)is ready for a local VCM,but carbon storage of its forests was never estimated.The aim of this work was to estimate the total carbon storage(TCS;t C ha^−1)of forest biomass of Valle Camonica District,at the stand level,taking into account:(1)aboveground biomass,(2)belowground biomass,(3)deadwood,and(4)litter.We developed a user-friendly model,based on site-specifi c primary(measured)data,and we applied it to a dataset of 2019 stands extracted from 45 Forest Management Plans.Preliminary results showed that,in 2016,the TCS achieved 76.02 t C ha^−1.The aboveground biomass was the most relevant carbon pool(48.86 t C ha^−1;64.27%of TCS).From 2017 to 2029,through multifunctional forest management,the TCS could increase of 2.48 t C ha^−1(+3.26%).In the same period,assuming to convert coppices stands to high forests,an additional TCS of 0.78 t C ha^−1(equal to 2.85 t CO 2 ha^−1)in the aboveground biomass could be achieved without increasing forest areas.The additional carbon could be certifi ed and exchanged on a VCM,contributing to climate change mitigation at a local level.展开更多
Simulation is a powerful tool for improving,evaluating and analyzing the performance of new and existing systems.Traffic simulators provide tools for studying transportation systems in smart cities as they describe th...Simulation is a powerful tool for improving,evaluating and analyzing the performance of new and existing systems.Traffic simulators provide tools for studying transportation systems in smart cities as they describe the evolution of traffic to the highest level of detail.There are many types of traffic simulators that allow simulating traffic in modern cities.The most popular traffic simulation approach is the microscopic traffic simulation because of its ability to model traffic in a realistic manner.In many cities of Saudi Arabia,traffic management represents a major challenge as a result of expansion in traffic demands and increasing number of incidents.Unfortunately,employing simulation to provide effective traffic management for local scenarios in Saudi Arabia is limited to a number of commercial products in both public and private sectors.Commercial simulators are usually expensive,closed source and inflexible as they allow limited functionalities.In this project,we developed a local traffic simulator“KSUtraffic”for traffic modeling,planning and analysis with respect to different traffic control strategies and considerations.We modeled information specified by GIS and real traffic data.Furthermore,we designed experiments that manipulate simulation parameters and the underlying area.KSUTraffic visualizes traffic and provides statistical results on the simulated traffic which would help to improve traffic management and efficiency.展开更多
Resilience has become an increasingly important concept in the cultural heritage feld,particularly in the aftermath of the unprecedented challenges the COVID-19 global pandemic brought.However,on a conceptual and prac...Resilience has become an increasingly important concept in the cultural heritage feld,particularly in the aftermath of the unprecedented challenges the COVID-19 global pandemic brought.However,on a conceptual and practical level,resilience remains closely linked to the technical conservation of built heritage,and there remains a need to develop broader approaches inclusive of cultural and socioeconomic components.This article investigates the potential applicability of theoretical concepts linked to identity and identities in heritage planning to help fll these gaps and develop approaches that consider resilience and are better able to address a range of unanticipated disasters.We frst review the literature and policy documents to defne and identify the potential for identities-based approaches.We then examine the case of Matera,an extremely fragile world heritage site in southern Italy that has been continuously inhabited for more than 8000 years and provides a relevant example of resilience.We explore the trends and efects of globalised tourism development before the pandemic and the post pandemic emergence of more local/regional and slow tourism patterns,largely based on cultural solutions to local development challenges and knowledge exchange.Through this comparison,we analyse the potential and limitations of introducing identities-based concepts into heritage planning as a more robust way to enhance resilience and prepare cities for unexpected future crises.展开更多
New data collected from twenty-six sites during 2008 inthe contaminated Site of National Interest (SIN) of Porto Marghera within the Lagoon of Venice (Italy), which has been affected by the presence of an industrial z...New data collected from twenty-six sites during 2008 inthe contaminated Site of National Interest (SIN) of Porto Marghera within the Lagoon of Venice (Italy), which has been affected by the presence of an industrial zone for the last 80 years, were compared with data from a campaign performed in the same site 30 years before (1976-1978). The SIN was found to be heavily polluted in the earlier study, and several tons of Hg and Zn are still stored in soils and industrial channel sediments, potentially affecting the lagoon part of the SIN. Bathymetric variations, grain-size, Hg and Zn content in sediments were analysed. The severe contamination of the late 1970s (Hg 1.7 μg/g;Zn 754 μg/g) had fallen by the late 2000s (Hg 0.9 μg/g;Zn 225 μg/g). The fall in Hg and Zn contamination over the 30-year period was mainly linked to the patterns of geomorphological change inside the SIN that affected two distinct sub-areas: 1) a stable-depositional (SD) area in the Northern part, which exerted a “dilution” effect on contaminants, with significant deposition (~11%) of coarse-grained sediments (63 - 8 μm), and 2) an area characterised by moderate-to-severe-erosion (MSE) to the South, which saw the loss (~13%) of pollutant-bearing fine-grained sediments (sion if hydrodynamic conditions change in the future. This study provides useful support to decision-making systems by helping to select hot-spots for remediation measures.展开更多
Urban forests are confronted with high using pressure because of the increasing demand for recreation and accessibility of these settings. For that purpose, defining and managing recreational carrying capacity is cons...Urban forests are confronted with high using pressure because of the increasing demand for recreation and accessibility of these settings. For that purpose, defining and managing recreational carrying capacity is considered as significant in ensuring ecological value’s and recreational satisfaction’s continuity. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the carrying capacity of Erzurum Urban Forest with respect to Level of Service (LOS) as a new management technique that focuses on service quality and visitor satisfaction. The data were obtained by self-administered questionnaire conducted with 166 visitors on weekends and holidays during summer season of the year 2014. Data were analyzed by dimensions/indicators of recreational satisfaction and socio-demographic characteristics with intent to identify tolerance range of visitors. The contribution and relative importance of each of the indicators to the overall satisfaction were analyzed by using Ordinal Logistic Model (OLM). The results indicated that the four indicators were at the greatest degree;“distance from picnic spot to toilets” and “quantity of children’s playground facilities” were decease of overall satisfaction while “distance from picnic spot to parking” and “level of shade at picnic spot” had a positive contribution to the overall satisfaction. The outputs from these analyses were used to calculate LOS. It was revealed that the level of service (0.40) in Erzurum Urban Forest was below the moderate level. Planning and managing strategies for optimizing the LOS were developed and discussed by considering these results.展开更多
The necessity to recognize the subsurface or underground and all its current and potential uses as part of our urban environment,to integrate this into urban planning and governance,and to foster conscious allocation ...The necessity to recognize the subsurface or underground and all its current and potential uses as part of our urban environment,to integrate this into urban planning and governance,and to foster conscious allocation of subsurface space has been increasingly recognized over the last century.At the same time,systems thinking as a‘buzz-word’has gained relevance for approaching complex problem areas in all kinds of disciplines including those preoccupied with the subsurface.This paper reviews the literature about urban underground planning through a systems-lens.To set this in context,it is outlined how organizational principles for the urban subsurface have evolved,and the main aspects of systems thinking are introduced followed by a discussion of how this thinking could be applied to the urban underground.Strategies and tools presented in the recent literature in the field are then reviewed based on this perspective,asking how systemic the proposed strategies and tools are when the local geology,as well as legal and institutional settings are accepted as a baseline for analysis or intervention.Systemic approaches built on this premise have the potential to capture existing and evolving complexities,foster a better understanding of the value of subsurface space for a city and ultimately enable an efficient and fair allocation of underground space.However,propositions for holistic solutions remain dispersed,interventions often remain based in an engineering mindset,and a shift in mind-set remains a challenge.More research in collaboration with local and regional administrations or authorities based on systems thinking frameworks could help to facilitate this shift.展开更多
Disaster risk depends on both the physical vulnerability and a wide range of social, economic, and environmental aspects of a society. For a better risk understanding, a holistic or integrated perspective was consider...Disaster risk depends on both the physical vulnerability and a wide range of social, economic, and environmental aspects of a society. For a better risk understanding, a holistic or integrated perspective was considered when risk was assessed for the city of Manizales, Colombia. This assessment accounts not only for the expected physical damage and loss, but also for the socioeconomic vulnerability factors that favor secondorder effects in a disaster. This comprehensive approach allows the identification of different aspects related to physical vulnerability, social fragility, and lack of resilience that can be improved, thus enhancing integrated disaster risk management actions. The outcomes of this comprehensive assessment are currently being used as input to update the disaster risk management plan of Manizales.展开更多
A growing number of research funding organizations(RFOs)are taking responsibility to increase the scientific and social impact of research output.Also reusable research data are recognized as relevant output for gaini...A growing number of research funding organizations(RFOs)are taking responsibility to increase the scientific and social impact of research output.Also reusable research data are recognized as relevant output for gaining impact.RFOs are therefore promoting FAIR research data management and stewardship(RDM)in their research funding cycle.However,the implementation of FAIR RDM still faces important obstacles and challenges.To solve these,stakeholders work together to develop innovative tools and practices.Here we elaborate on the role of RFOs in developing a FAIR funding model to support the FAIR RDM in the funding cycle,integrated with research community specific guidance,criteria and metadata,and enabling automatic assessments of progress and output from RDM.The model facilitates to create research data with a high level of FAIRness that are meaningful for a research community.To fully benefit from the model,RFOs,research institutions and service providers need to implement machine actionability in their FAIR RDM tools and procedures.As many stakeholders still need to get familiar with“human actionable”FAIR data practices,the introduction of the model will be stepwise,with an active role of the RFOs in driving FAIR RDM processes as effectively as possible.展开更多
文摘The developmental activities, particularly the construction of hydroelectric projects are causing a great loss of biodiversity in the Indian Himalayan Region. The Himaehal Pradesh, a part of IHR is well known for the development of hydroelectric projects. The Parbati H.E. Project is amongst the major projects of the State. The different stages of the project are all causing loss of biodiversity of the area. Stage Ⅲ of the Parbati H.E. Project is a run of the river scheme on the Sainj River downstream of Power House of Parbati H.E. Project Stage Ⅱ. The project shall utilize regulated discharge of Parbati H.E. Project Stage Ⅱ and inflow of River Sainj for power generation, and has been contemplated as a peaking station operating in tandem with Stage Ⅱ. The present study has been undertaken to see the impact of hydroelectric project on the biodiversity, particularly on medicinal plants. A total of 104 species of medicinal plants, belonging to different life forms, i.e., trees (23 spp.), shrubs (22 spp.), herbs (57 spp.) and ferns (2 spp.) were recorded. The species have been analyzed and studied for their distribution, classification, altitudinal zones, part (s) used, indigenous uses, nativity, endemism and rarity.Different parts of these species, such as whole plants, roots (including rhizomes and tubers), leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds, stems, barks, spikes, nuts and insect galls are used by the inhabitants for curing various diseases and ailments. 3o species are native to the Himalayan region, 9 species native to the Himalayan region and adjacent countries also and 65 species are non-natives. 9 species are near endemics. Considering the whole Himalaya as a biogeographie unit (sensu lato), the near endemics are endemic to the Himalaya. Among these species, Zanthoxylum armature is categorized as Endangered and Valeriana wallichii as Vulnerable. Hedychium spicatum, Rhus javanica, Berberis lycium, Thalictrum foliolossum, Salvia lanata, Rubia cordifolia and Bergenia ligulata may be considered as threatened species due to their over exploitation for trade. 90 species are propagated by seeds, 8 species by seeds and rhizomes/roots/tubers, 4 species by seeds and cuttings, and 2 species by sori. A management plan for the cultivation and conservation of the medicinal plants in the dam submergence area, and the commercially viable medicinal plants with high value in the catchment area is suggested.
文摘In order to maintain the overall social interest in land use and improve the level of land administration, an information system for land-use planning and management (ISLUPM) was established, which is composed of presentation layer, business logic layer and data layer in the general structure. The application support platform of the ISLUPM, built based on COM, COM + and .NET standard components, includes data engine, data management, assemblies, components management, operation management, and interface. Then, an elaboration was made on major functions of the ISLUPM, such as planning revision scheme, planning operation flow, digital processing, thematic analysis and inquiry, and preparation of the chart of reserved land resources. The developed system has been successfully applied to the land-use planning and management work of Longquanyi District, Chengdu, China. It may provide a reference for development of geographic information system (GIS) for land and resources.
文摘Management Information System provides an effective way for enterprises to improve their competitive abilities. It presents a framework for improving the management models through the design and implementation of effective and high-quality MIS. So it is very important to the modem management of corporations. ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) system is one of the core parts of MIS, which solves the matter of management model mainly. ERP is a popular method enabling the business processes required to compete with the globalization. The thesis cites SAP R/3 to introduce the general structure and function of ERP. Global Enterprise Resource Planning Implementation is increasingly becoming the successful choice of MIS.
文摘Objective To study the origin and development,framework and content of the EU-RMP(European Drug Risk Management Plan)so as to provide a reference for China’s drug risk management plan(RMP).Methods Literature research and comparative research were used in this paper.Through searching Chinese and foreign literature,the website of European Medicines Agency(EMA)and the Guideline on Good Pharmacovigilance Practices(GVP),in-depth understanding of the EU-RMP content and requirements,some lessons were extracted for our reference.Results and Conclusion All departments should cooperate closely in the preparation of RMP in China.Then,the risk control measures should be further enriched to reduce the risks.Besides,the rules for implementing RMP should be clarified to promote the risk management of the whole life cycle of drugs and maintain the safety of patients’medication.
文摘The General Office of the State Council released the 13th Five-Year Plan for China's National Emergency System Construction(Plan for short).According to the Plan,China's emergency management laws and regulations and standards system need to be further improved and the basic capabilities of emergency management should continue to be enhanced.
文摘This paper introduces the energy consumption status in China, elaborate the affects of the unreasonable energy consumption structure on energy environment and sustainable development of economy. Simultaneously, it points out the solution, i.e., to implement integrated resources planning (IRP)/demand side management (DSM), and gives some recommendations on the way of implementing IRP/DSM.
文摘Exercise training provides physiological benefits for both improving athletic performance and maintaining good health. Different exercise training modalities and strategies exist. Two common exercise strategies are high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous exercise training (MCT). HIIT was first used early in the 20th century and popularized later that century for improving performance of Olympic athletes. The primary premise underlying HIIT is that, compared to energy expenditure-matched MCT, a greater amount of work is performed at a higher intensity during a single exercise session which is achieved by alternating high-intensity exercise intervals with low-intensity exercise or rest intervals. Emerging research suggests that this same training method can provide beneficial effects for patients with a chronic disease and should be included in the comprehensive medical management plan. Accordingly, a major consideration in developing an individual exercise prescription for a patient with a chronic disease is the selection of an appropriate exercise strategy. In order to maximize exercise training benefits, this strategy should be tailored to the individual's need. The focus of this paper is to provide a brief summary of the current literature re^ardin~ the use of HIIT to enhance the fimctional capacity of individuals with cardiovascular, pulmonary, and diabetes diseases.
文摘A GIS is proposed as a tool for the managing plan for the Antarctic specially managed area (ASMA) in Admiralty Bay.The ASMA comprises the area considered to be within the glacial drainage basin of the bay.Furthermore,it includes part of SSSI No.8 adjacent to the area but outside of the glacial drainage basin.Three stations and six refuges are located in the area.Using a SPOT satellite image map,the limits of the ASMA are marked and its area is re_calculated.It consists of 362 km 2,including 186 km 2 island ice field and small cirque glaciers and 32 km 2 ice_free field.The rest comprises water of the bay and a small adjacent area (8 km 2) of the Bransfield Strait.The ASMA_GIS will consists of 12 data layers ranging from the physiographic settings to the biological and administrative features.All data will be implemented into Arc/Info GIS according to the cartographic guidelines of the SCAR WG_GGI.First,five plans of information will be realised using a topographic database compiled from various sources and data from the revised bathymetric chart published by the Brazilian Navy Hydrographic Survey and also including: 1) Limits of the ASMA and protected areas;2) Glaciological features (e.g.drainage basin limits) and 3) Human presence (e.g.stations and historical sites).These basic GIS layers will be operational in early 2001.Then,additional data on the remaining layers (e.g.hydrology,geology and geomorphology) will be included from published sources. The ASMA_GIS will form an important database for environmental monitoring and studies surveying temporal changes of features such as glacier front positions or bird breading sites.
文摘This paper examines task partition problem in a Multiagent based Distributed Open Computing Environment Model(MDOCEM). We first present a formal method to describe the task partition problem, then give a heuristic algorithm to solve the task partition problem that gives an approximate optimum solution.
基金The study is part of a PhD Research Project funded by the Italian Ministry of Education,University and Research(MIUR).
文摘Estimating the carbon storage of forests is essential to support climate change mitigation and promote the transition into a low-carbon emission economy.To achieve this goal,voluntary carbon markets(VCMs)are essential.VCMs are promoted by a spontaneous demand,not imposed by binding targets,as the regulated ones.In Italy,only in Veneto and Piedmont Regions(Northern Italy),VCMs through forestry activities were carried out.Valle Camonica District(Northern Italy,Lombardy Region)is ready for a local VCM,but carbon storage of its forests was never estimated.The aim of this work was to estimate the total carbon storage(TCS;t C ha^−1)of forest biomass of Valle Camonica District,at the stand level,taking into account:(1)aboveground biomass,(2)belowground biomass,(3)deadwood,and(4)litter.We developed a user-friendly model,based on site-specifi c primary(measured)data,and we applied it to a dataset of 2019 stands extracted from 45 Forest Management Plans.Preliminary results showed that,in 2016,the TCS achieved 76.02 t C ha^−1.The aboveground biomass was the most relevant carbon pool(48.86 t C ha^−1;64.27%of TCS).From 2017 to 2029,through multifunctional forest management,the TCS could increase of 2.48 t C ha^−1(+3.26%).In the same period,assuming to convert coppices stands to high forests,an additional TCS of 0.78 t C ha^−1(equal to 2.85 t CO 2 ha^−1)in the aboveground biomass could be achieved without increasing forest areas.The additional carbon could be certifi ed and exchanged on a VCM,contributing to climate change mitigation at a local level.
基金the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University for funding this work through research Group No.RG-1441-331.
文摘Simulation is a powerful tool for improving,evaluating and analyzing the performance of new and existing systems.Traffic simulators provide tools for studying transportation systems in smart cities as they describe the evolution of traffic to the highest level of detail.There are many types of traffic simulators that allow simulating traffic in modern cities.The most popular traffic simulation approach is the microscopic traffic simulation because of its ability to model traffic in a realistic manner.In many cities of Saudi Arabia,traffic management represents a major challenge as a result of expansion in traffic demands and increasing number of incidents.Unfortunately,employing simulation to provide effective traffic management for local scenarios in Saudi Arabia is limited to a number of commercial products in both public and private sectors.Commercial simulators are usually expensive,closed source and inflexible as they allow limited functionalities.In this project,we developed a local traffic simulator“KSUtraffic”for traffic modeling,planning and analysis with respect to different traffic control strategies and considerations.We modeled information specified by GIS and real traffic data.Furthermore,we designed experiments that manipulate simulation parameters and the underlying area.KSUTraffic visualizes traffic and provides statistical results on the simulated traffic which would help to improve traffic management and efficiency.
文摘Resilience has become an increasingly important concept in the cultural heritage feld,particularly in the aftermath of the unprecedented challenges the COVID-19 global pandemic brought.However,on a conceptual and practical level,resilience remains closely linked to the technical conservation of built heritage,and there remains a need to develop broader approaches inclusive of cultural and socioeconomic components.This article investigates the potential applicability of theoretical concepts linked to identity and identities in heritage planning to help fll these gaps and develop approaches that consider resilience and are better able to address a range of unanticipated disasters.We frst review the literature and policy documents to defne and identify the potential for identities-based approaches.We then examine the case of Matera,an extremely fragile world heritage site in southern Italy that has been continuously inhabited for more than 8000 years and provides a relevant example of resilience.We explore the trends and efects of globalised tourism development before the pandemic and the post pandemic emergence of more local/regional and slow tourism patterns,largely based on cultural solutions to local development challenges and knowledge exchange.Through this comparison,we analyse the potential and limitations of introducing identities-based concepts into heritage planning as a more robust way to enhance resilience and prepare cities for unexpected future crises.
文摘New data collected from twenty-six sites during 2008 inthe contaminated Site of National Interest (SIN) of Porto Marghera within the Lagoon of Venice (Italy), which has been affected by the presence of an industrial zone for the last 80 years, were compared with data from a campaign performed in the same site 30 years before (1976-1978). The SIN was found to be heavily polluted in the earlier study, and several tons of Hg and Zn are still stored in soils and industrial channel sediments, potentially affecting the lagoon part of the SIN. Bathymetric variations, grain-size, Hg and Zn content in sediments were analysed. The severe contamination of the late 1970s (Hg 1.7 μg/g;Zn 754 μg/g) had fallen by the late 2000s (Hg 0.9 μg/g;Zn 225 μg/g). The fall in Hg and Zn contamination over the 30-year period was mainly linked to the patterns of geomorphological change inside the SIN that affected two distinct sub-areas: 1) a stable-depositional (SD) area in the Northern part, which exerted a “dilution” effect on contaminants, with significant deposition (~11%) of coarse-grained sediments (63 - 8 μm), and 2) an area characterised by moderate-to-severe-erosion (MSE) to the South, which saw the loss (~13%) of pollutant-bearing fine-grained sediments (sion if hydrodynamic conditions change in the future. This study provides useful support to decision-making systems by helping to select hot-spots for remediation measures.
文摘Urban forests are confronted with high using pressure because of the increasing demand for recreation and accessibility of these settings. For that purpose, defining and managing recreational carrying capacity is considered as significant in ensuring ecological value’s and recreational satisfaction’s continuity. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the carrying capacity of Erzurum Urban Forest with respect to Level of Service (LOS) as a new management technique that focuses on service quality and visitor satisfaction. The data were obtained by self-administered questionnaire conducted with 166 visitors on weekends and holidays during summer season of the year 2014. Data were analyzed by dimensions/indicators of recreational satisfaction and socio-demographic characteristics with intent to identify tolerance range of visitors. The contribution and relative importance of each of the indicators to the overall satisfaction were analyzed by using Ordinal Logistic Model (OLM). The results indicated that the four indicators were at the greatest degree;“distance from picnic spot to toilets” and “quantity of children’s playground facilities” were decease of overall satisfaction while “distance from picnic spot to parking” and “level of shade at picnic spot” had a positive contribution to the overall satisfaction. The outputs from these analyses were used to calculate LOS. It was revealed that the level of service (0.40) in Erzurum Urban Forest was below the moderate level. Planning and managing strategies for optimizing the LOS were developed and discussed by considering these results.
基金This work was supported by the EPSRC,UK funded Centre for Urban Sustainability and Resilience(Grant EP/G037698/1).
文摘The necessity to recognize the subsurface or underground and all its current and potential uses as part of our urban environment,to integrate this into urban planning and governance,and to foster conscious allocation of subsurface space has been increasingly recognized over the last century.At the same time,systems thinking as a‘buzz-word’has gained relevance for approaching complex problem areas in all kinds of disciplines including those preoccupied with the subsurface.This paper reviews the literature about urban underground planning through a systems-lens.To set this in context,it is outlined how organizational principles for the urban subsurface have evolved,and the main aspects of systems thinking are introduced followed by a discussion of how this thinking could be applied to the urban underground.Strategies and tools presented in the recent literature in the field are then reviewed based on this perspective,asking how systemic the proposed strategies and tools are when the local geology,as well as legal and institutional settings are accepted as a baseline for analysis or intervention.Systemic approaches built on this premise have the potential to capture existing and evolving complexities,foster a better understanding of the value of subsurface space for a city and ultimately enable an efficient and fair allocation of underground space.However,propositions for holistic solutions remain dispersed,interventions often remain based in an engineering mindset,and a shift in mind-set remains a challenge.More research in collaboration with local and regional administrations or authorities based on systems thinking frameworks could help to facilitate this shift.
基金the support of the Ministry of Education and Science of Spain ‘‘Evaluación de la Vulnerabilidad y el Riesgo de Zonas Urbanas Expuestas a Amenazas Naturales y Antrópicas-EZUANA’’ (BIA2016-78544-R)
文摘Disaster risk depends on both the physical vulnerability and a wide range of social, economic, and environmental aspects of a society. For a better risk understanding, a holistic or integrated perspective was considered when risk was assessed for the city of Manizales, Colombia. This assessment accounts not only for the expected physical damage and loss, but also for the socioeconomic vulnerability factors that favor secondorder effects in a disaster. This comprehensive approach allows the identification of different aspects related to physical vulnerability, social fragility, and lack of resilience that can be improved, thus enhancing integrated disaster risk management actions. The outcomes of this comprehensive assessment are currently being used as input to update the disaster risk management plan of Manizales.
文摘A growing number of research funding organizations(RFOs)are taking responsibility to increase the scientific and social impact of research output.Also reusable research data are recognized as relevant output for gaining impact.RFOs are therefore promoting FAIR research data management and stewardship(RDM)in their research funding cycle.However,the implementation of FAIR RDM still faces important obstacles and challenges.To solve these,stakeholders work together to develop innovative tools and practices.Here we elaborate on the role of RFOs in developing a FAIR funding model to support the FAIR RDM in the funding cycle,integrated with research community specific guidance,criteria and metadata,and enabling automatic assessments of progress and output from RDM.The model facilitates to create research data with a high level of FAIRness that are meaningful for a research community.To fully benefit from the model,RFOs,research institutions and service providers need to implement machine actionability in their FAIR RDM tools and procedures.As many stakeholders still need to get familiar with“human actionable”FAIR data practices,the introduction of the model will be stepwise,with an active role of the RFOs in driving FAIR RDM processes as effectively as possible.