Preliminary Analysis of Sea Use Planning Strategies in Coastal Cities:A Case Study of Binhai New Area in Tianjin City

Through investigating current sea use in coastal cities of China,and exploring foreign and domestic researches on sea use,this paper took Binhai New Area of Tianjin City for example to analyze major problems of its sea use in ecological security,planar form,land use layout,specialized planning,management and regulatory mechanism,then proposed strategies from 4 perspectives,namely ecological conservation and restoration,optimization of planning planar form,optimization of planning land use layout,and planning management,in order to provide references and instructions for the sea use planning of Chinese coastal cities.

Research on Integrated Planning Method of Offshore Oil and Gas Exploration and Development

Under the requirement of high-quality development, the research method of integrated model planning for offshore oil and gas exploration and development suitable for the western South China Sea is put forward. Based on the new round of resource evaluation and exploration and development research in the western South China Sea, the in-depth research on underground oil and gas resources, surface development facilities, external factors and economic indexes are carried out to clarify the industrial layout of oil and gas development. The potential and prospect of oil and gas exploration and development were implemented, and the main external factors and corresponding measures affecting the planning were clarified in this paper. The economic evaluation model suitable for the region is established based on the analysis of internal rate of return, comprehensive barrel oil cost, critical price, financial net present value and other important indicators, and a set of planning and research methods suitable for the integration of exploration and development in the western South China Sea is finally formed. This method has been applied to the replacement reserve study of Weizhou X and Weizhou Y oil fields. It is found that the planned reserves and production are consistent with the actual ones, and good practical results have been achieved.

Alternatives of Strategic Environmental Assessment for Road Traffic Development Planning——Case of Changchun City,China

On analyzing the achievement of the goal in the modern urban road traffic development planning,the alternative of Strategic Environmental Assessment for urban traffic planning should include the basic scheme,the extended scheme and the environmental protection scheme. This study from different perspectives designed the alternatives for Changchun's county-level road and urban road system planning,and used the method of System Dynamics to simulate,optimize and analyze those alternatives. Thereafter,some methods including the correlation function method were used to comprehensively assess and rank those alternatives for recommending two best alternatives with the consideration to the indicators,such as the total emission amount of CO,the total emission amount of nitrogen oxides,the noise value,the road construction cost,the fossil oil consumption and the traffic capacity. The result showed that the study would provide substantial supports for decision-makers to make more scientific decisions and promote the sustainable urban traffic in Changchun City.

Hydrochemistry of the Mixed Dead Sea-Red Sea Water under Different Impoundment Scenarios as a Time Dependent State

The expected water mixing process between Red/Dead Sea water during the proposed conveyance projects is the main target of this research. The project will ensue transporting Red Sea water to recover and maintain certain level of the Dead Sea, mostly will reach -395 m. It is found that, the two different water bodies with different EC values or different densities (salinities) are relatively divided by stable plane. This plane is defined as the BARZACH PLANE. In this study, the mixing process occurred between the Red Sea with the Dead Sea waters, located at 20% - 24% of the Dead Sea column depth based on the Barzach Plane level. During a laboratory experimental work, it is found that the mixed Red/Dead Sea water evaporates in a high rate until certain level where the solution attains oversaturated conditions with different dissolved solids. At this stage, a thin layer of solids suddenly formed and floated at the surface of the dense brine. The salinity of the captured water is so dense that floated salt layer cannot be dissolved. In addition, the formed floated salt layer at the surface prevents the below captured water to evaporate and at this stage, stalactites start to form until the excess dissolved solids are not oversaturated with any mineral.

Second sea－entering approach of Changjiang River： Tongl Canal－planning of control dimensions， analysis of erosion and siltation and selection of outlet

Assume that the Tonglu Canal would be widened and deepened in which a water lock is constructed atthe river side, and made open to the sea side. The canal's planned control dimensions are determined, and the erosionand siltation characteristics along the river (totally 81. 8 km) are analyzed by the numerical calculation of one-dimen-sional unsteady flow and the relative standards. According to the data of the evolution, hydrology and sediment inthe Xiaomiaohong Waterway, it is found reasonable to select the channel near the Xingang Gate as the second sea-entering approach. This paper is helpful in planning and designing the approach.

Effect of subsea dispersant application on deepwater oil spill in the South China Sea

There are considerable amounts of off shore oil/gas fields in the South China Sea(SCS),and for potential oil spill events in this area,dispersants may provide a reliable large-scale response when the preferable option of recapturing the oil cannot be achieved.In this paper,effect of chemical dispersants on underwater oil transport is investigated with an underwater oil spill model.Since the model is an adaption of an existing one,we first calibrate it by comparing the model result with echo-sounder data that were observed during the“DeepSpill”experiment with crude oil/LNG(liquefied natural gas)discharge.Then,with the hydrodynamic data provided by an operational forecasting system and the drilling data obtained from off shore platforms in the SCS,we apply the model to a hypothetical spill case,and examine the difference in oil distribution in water column caused by subsea dispersant application.The model results can provide valuable reference for contingency plan makers to make an efficient emergency response to potential underwater oil spill accidents in the SCS.

Modeling underwater transport of oil spilled from deepwater area in the South China Sea

Based on a Lagrangian integral technique and Lagrangian particle-tracking technique,a numerical model was developed to simulate the underwater transport of oil from a deepwater spill. This model comprises two submodels: a plume dynamics model and an advection-diffusion model. The former is used to simulate the stages dominated by the initial jet momentum and plume buoyancy of the spilled oil,while the latter is used to simulate the stage dominated by the ambient current and turbulence. The model validity was verified through comparisons of the model predictions with experimental data from several laboratory flume experiments and a field experiment. To demonstrate the capability of the model further,it was applied to the simulation of a hypothetical oil spill occurring at the seabed of a deepwater oil/gas field in the South China Sea. The results of the simulation would be useful for contingency planning with regard to the emergency response to an underwater oil spill.

中国战略环境评价(SEA)研究进展及发展趋势

自1990年战略环境评价引入中国以来,SEA在中国已经有了很大发展。中国政府已于2002年颁布了《中华人民共和国环境影响评价法》(以下称"环评法"),该法中明确规定了对各级政府制定的规划需要进行SEA。通过运用资料调查和文献分析等方法,针对环评法实施后中国SEA实践和学术研究成果进行分析,并探讨中国SEA主要层次-规划环境影响评价的研究现状,总结发展特点;结合中国国情提出中国SEA发展趋势。

区域环评是EIA向SEA的过渡——以沈阳农业高新技术开发区规划环评为例介绍SEA

环境影响评价的发展过程就是人们对环境认识深化的过程。本文对我国环境影响评价的发展进程进行了分析,并以沈阳农业高新技术开发区规划环评为例,简要介绍了规划环评的方法。

组合预测模型在战略环境评价中的应用——以山东省汽车工业规划SEA为例

预测方法繁多,科学的选择预测方法是决定SEA成败的关键环节。许多预测方法被认为可用于SEA,但是还没有在实践中得到足够的验证。文章简要介绍了组合预测模型的基本思想,提出了2种预测法所构成的组合预测法加权系数的计算公式;并以山东省汽车工业规划SEA为例,对汽车保有量进行了预测研究;结果表明:采用组合预测法的预测精度比两种单项预测模型的预测精度都有较大的提高,其误差平方和明显降低。

流域规划SEA评价方法研究

文章阐述了流域规划SEA的国内外研究进展、特点、开展原则,分析和比较了规划SEA分析评价的各种方法,总结了各自的优点与不足,为流域规划SEA研究提供依据,同时描述了目前流域规划SEA的主要问题,并提出相应的解决措施。中国的经济发展与环境保护的矛盾要靠战略环评来缓解,流域规划SEA是一个新生而艰巨的事业,期待每个人为之添砖加瓦。

生态系统服务功能价值法在吉林省土地利用规划SEA中的实例研究

[目的]对吉林省土地利用总体规划进行战略环境评价,并对生态系统服务价值评估方法进行研究。[方法]采用生态系统服务价值法,将吉林省生态系统服务价值量化,进行土地利用总体规划的战略环境评价。[结果]运用吉林省2005～2020年土地利用类型的面积变更数据,估算出2005、2008、2020年总体生态系统服务价值分别为2678.84×108、2684.40×108和2740.28×108元,在整个规划期内呈增长趋势。其中,耕地的生态系统服务价值降低。[结论]吉林省土地利用总体规划基本合理,但还需对耕地面积进行进一步的修改和补充。

基于Faster R-CNN的海域监管预警方法

针对传统实地调查取证、人工对比遥感影像等高成本、低效率的海域监管方式无法满足当前监管需求的问题,利用星遥感影像和深度学习算法提出了一种针对大范围的、快速动态的用海综合管控手段。依托海量影像及多源海洋基础数据,在研究多规融合分析的基础上,基于Faster R-CNN(Regions with Convolutional Neural Networks features)算法,建立人工智能识别模型,实现对海上目标、非法用海占海与破坏生态环境行为的自动识别与预警。分析了Faster R-CNN算法原理,采用不同年份、不同卫星、不同分辨率的卫星遥感数据,针对5种常见海洋目标,建立了10000多张图片样本库,利用VGG16和RestNet101两种网络模型进行了训练和测试。实验结果表明,RestNet101模型计算量略大于VGG16模型,但其具有更强的复杂特征提取能力,更适合于复杂海上目标的检测与识别;对本文中特定的5类目标总体识别准确率在80%以上。利用该模型结合海洋规划数据,实现了大范围海域的快速自动监管和非法用户行为预警,为海洋智能化监管提供了一种新思路。

陆海统筹视角下海岸带界定的景观方法与工具:基于英格兰SCA实践研究

当前,中国海岸带界定体系尚不完善,海岸带保护与利用之间的矛盾尤为严峻,亟待探索适用于国土空间规划背景下海岸带界定的综合方法与工具。景观的跨尺度性、整体性与综合性为理解海岸带提供了新的途径。在系统梳理国际海岸带界定方法的基础上,总结了英格兰海景特征评估工具在多尺度海岸带界定工作中的创新应用与实践,即SCA方法可为落实不同尺度海岸带的核心目标提供相适宜的空间范围,其划分结果纵向可为不同层级海岸带政策的联动提供实体媒介,横向可建立跨陆海界面的空间与视觉链接,为海岸带保护与利用提供了综合的信息背景与空间框架,以期为我国国土空间规划体系下海岸带边界界定提供参考。

考虑海铁联运的集装箱码头泊位分配优化

在海铁联运背景下,协同考虑到港船舶及铁路班列特点,优化集装箱码头泊位分配,对于提高港口作业效率至关重要。在满足码头岸线、泊位水深、岸桥等资源约束前提下,综合考虑船舶服务优先级和偏好泊位、铁路集装箱班列到发时间等约束,以船舶在港停留时间和泊位偏移惩罚时间最小为优化目标,建立海铁联运集装箱码头泊位分配优化模型;针对模型特点,设计自适应遗传算法进行求解,选取计划周期48 h内的到港船舶数据进行案例分析,通过MATLAB数值实验,得到符合船舶服务优先级和泊位偏好要求且契合铁路班列开行计划的海铁联运码头泊位分配方案。数值实验结果表明:在海铁联运协同优化条件下,船舶平均等泊时间为2.9 min,最大等泊时间为11.4 min,同时船舶的靠泊位置与偏好泊位之间的距离均不超过100 m,船舶在港的停留时间及偏好泊位差都得到了较好的控制。研究可进一步优化海铁联运集装箱码头泊位分配方案,有利于提高海铁联运集装箱在港转运效率。

改进RRT^(*)算法的无人艇局部路径规划方法

文中提出一种改进RRT^(*)算法,该算法依据国际海上避碰规则计算本船与他船间DCPA与TCPA并判断会遇场景,限制采样空间.通过偏置采样在采样空间中选取采样点,增强目的性,加快搜索速度.依据线段公理和锚点采样的方式重新选择父节点,去除中间冗余的节点,减少路径转向次数和路径长度,使得最终生成的路径相对平滑.结果表明:改进RRT^(*)算法减少了81%以上的转向点和5%以上的路径长度.

面向海上突发事件应急救援任务的协同规划

针对海上突发事件应急救援任务风险大、时间紧、冲突多及协同规划难等问题,急需一套海上应急救援协同机制予以支撑.首先,分析海上突发事件应急救援特点,探索应急联动协同机制;然后,面向海上应急救援任务的时空特点,构建基于时空因素的协同规划模型.进一步,针对指挥协同规划难题,构建基于观察–判断–决策–执行(OODA)作战环的应急救援单元协同联动模型,并着力于分析协同救援单元的一致性及救援时效性,旨在提升应急救援效能.最后,以海上危险化学品泄露救援任务为想定,利用上述模型方法进行规划建模与仿真验证.结果表明,所提出应急救援任务协同规划方法,能够有效的优化协调好海上突发事件的应急救援协同问题,提高了应急救援效能,为海上应急救援部门指挥决策提供了重要支持.

中国海洋空间规划演进、特征及机制创新

海洋空间规划是海洋高质量发展的空间蓝图,为建设海洋强国提供要素保障。分析中国海洋空间规划的演进历程,海洋空间规划大致经历了初步探索阶段、“多规并举”阶段和“多规合一”阶段;剖析中国海洋空间规划特征,认为海洋空间规划具有推动陆海统筹、融入基于生态系统的管理、关注兼容性用海需求、拓展保护利用空间等特征;在海洋强国战略和海洋高质量发展驱动下,提出实施海洋空间规划机制创新,建立基于生态系统的管理机制、精细化管控机制和用途管制机制,以期为国土空间规划体系下海洋空间规划编制与实施提供决策支撑。

集装箱海铁联运运输组织优化研究综述

多式联运是集装箱运输组织的高级形态,而海铁联运作为两种运输批量最大的运输方式的组合,具有其他联运方式所无法比拟的规模与成本优势。近年来,随着中欧集装箱班列规模的不断扩大,我国海铁联运虽然得到了迅猛发展,但是与发达经济体20%~40%海铁联运占比相比较,我国占比不到3%还有巨大的增长空间。鉴于此,基于海铁联运运输组织优化的“软衔接”视角,从港站堆场资源配置协同、换装作业协同、班列开行方案优化三个维度对集装箱海铁联运相关研究进行梳理和评述,并提出潜在研究方向,以期对集装箱海铁联运的运输组织优化提供决策参考。