HEURISTIC MODELING FOR A DYNAMIC AND GOAL PROGRAMMING IN PRODUCTION PLANNING OF CONTINUOUS MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS

At the first sight it seems that advanced operation research is not used enough in continuous production systems as comparison with mass production, batch production and job shop systems, but really in a comprehensive evaluation the advanced operation research techniques can be used in continuous production systems in developing countries very widely, because of initial inadequate plant layout, stage by stage development of production lines, the purchase of second hand machineries from various countries, plurality of customers. A case of production system planning is proposed for a chemical company in which the above mentioned conditions are almost presented. The goals and constraints in this issue are as follows： （1） Minimizing deviation of customer＇s requirements. （2） Maximizing the profit. （3） Minimizing the frequencies of changes in formula production. （4） Minimizing the inventory of final products. （5） Balancing the production sections with regard to rate in production. （6） Limitation in inventory of raw material. The present situation is in such a way that various techniques such as goal programming, linear programming and dynamic programming can be used. But dynamic production programming issues are divided into two categories, at first one with limitation in production capacity and another with unlimited production capacity. For the first category, a systematic and acceptable solution has not been presented yet. Therefore an innovative method is used to convert the dynamic situation to a zero- one model. At last this issue is changed to a goal programming model with non-linear limitations with the use of GRG algorithm and that＇s how it is solved.

Cooperative path planning for multi-AUV in time-varying ocean flows

For low-speed underwater vehicles, the ocean currents has a great influence on them, and the changes in ocean currents is complex and continuous, thus whose impact must be taken into consideration in the path planning. There are still lack of authoritative indicator and method for the cooperating path planning. The calculation of the voyage time is a difficult problem in the time-varying ocean, for the existing methods of the cooperating path planning, the computation time will increase exponentially as the autonomous underwater vehicle（AUV） counts increase, rendering them unfeasible. A collaborative path planning method is presehted for multi-AUV under the influence of time-varying ocean currents based on the dynamic programming algorithm. Each AUV cooperates with the one who has the longest estimated time of sailing, enabling the arrays of AUV to get their common goal in the shortest time with minimum timedifference. At the same time, they could avoid the obstacles along the way to the target. Simulation results show that the proposed method has a promising applicability.

Multi-period mine planning with multi-process routes

This paper attempts to optimize optimal capacities, block routing and mine sequencing problems in a mining system. The solution approach is based on a heuristics and the mixed integer programming (MIP). Unlike previous sequential solution approaches, the problems are herein solved at the same time. Furthermore, the proposed approach guarantees practical solutions because it considers ore material distribution within orebody. The paper has two main contributions: (a) the proposed approach generates production rates in a manner that the capacities are satisfied; (b) the proposed approach does not use pre-defined marginal cut-off grades. Thus, idle capacity problem is eliminated and different scheduling combinations are allowed. To see the performance of the approach proposed, a case study is carried out using a gold data. The schedule generated shows that the approach can determine optimal production rates, block destination and sequencing effectively.

Effect of dexamethasone on intelligence and hearing in preterm infants: a meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE： A meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials investigating the long- term effect of dexamethasone on the nervous system of preterm infants. DATA SOURCES： Online literature retrieval was conducted using The Cochrane Library （from January 1993 to June 2013）, EMBASE （from January 1980 to June 2013）, MEDLINE （from Janu- ary 1963 to June 2013）, OVID （from January 1993 to June 2013）, Springer （from January 1994 to June 2013） and Chinese Academic Journal Full-text Database （from January 1994 to June 2013）. Key words were preterm infants and dexamethasone in English and Chinese. STUDY SELECTION： Selected studies were randomized controlled trials assessing the effect of intravenous dexamethasone in preterm infants. The quality of the included papers was evaluated and those without the development of the nervous system and animal experiments were exclud- ed. Quality assessment was performed through bias risk evaluation in accordance with Cochrane Handbook 5.1.0 software in the Cochrane Collaboration. The homogeneous studies were analyzed and compared using Revman 5.2.6 software, and then effect model was selected and analyzed. Those papers failed to be included in the meta-analysis were subjected to descriptive analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Nervous system injury in preterm infants. RESULTS： Ten randomized controlled trials were screened, involving 1,038 subjects. Among them 512 cases received dexamethasone treatment while 526 cases served as placebo control group and blank control group. Meta-analysis results showed that the incidence of cerebral palsy, visual im- pairment and hearing loss in preterm infants after dexamethasone treatment within 7 days after birth was similar to that in the control group （RR = 1.47, 95%CI： 0.97-2.21; RR = 1.46, 95%CI： 0.97-2.20; RR = 0.80, 95%CI： 0.54-1.18; P 〉 0.05）, but intelligence quotient was significantly de- creased compared with the control group （MD = -3.55, 95%CI： -6.59 to -0.51; P = 0.02）. Prete rm infants treated with dexamethasone 7 days after birth demonstrated an incidence of cerebral palsy and visual impairment, and changes in intelligence quotient similar to those in the control group （RR = 1.26, 95%CI： 0.89-1.79; RR = 1.37, 95%CI： 0.73-2.59; RR = 0.53, 95%CI： 0.32-0.89; RR = 1.66, 95%CI： -4.7 to 8.01; P 〉 0.05）. However, the incidence of hearing loss was significantly increased compared with that in the control group （RR = 0.53, 95%CI： 0.32-0.89; P = 0.02）. CONCLUSION： Dexamethasone may affect the intelligence of preterm infants in the early stages after birth, but may lead to hearing impairment at later stages after birth. More reliable conclusions should be made through large-size, multi-center, well-designed randomized controlled trials.

Fuzzy linear model for production optimization of mining systems with multiple entities

Planning and production optimization within multiple mines or several work sites （entities） mining systems by using fuzzy linear programming （LP） was studied. LP is the most commonly used operations research methods in mining engineering. After the introductory review of properties and limitations of applying LP, short reviews of the general settings of deterministic and fuzzy LP models are presented. With the purpose of comparative analysis, the application of both LP models is presented using the example of the Bauxite Basin Niksic with five mines. After the assessment, LP is an efficient mathematical modeling tool in production planning and solving many other single-criteria optimization problems of mining engineering. After the comparison of advantages and deficiencies of both deterministic and fuzzy LP models, the conclusion presents benefits of the fuzzy LP model but is also stating that seeking the optimal plan of production means to accomplish the overall analysis that will encompass the LP model approaches.

Renal Function in Patients Undergoing Nephrectomies for Benign and Malignant Causes: An Expected Outcome

Objective: to assess the evolution of serum creatinine in patients undergoing radical nephrectomy (malignant) or total (benign), to identify risk factors connected with an unfavorable renal function outcome. Material and Methods: observational, transversal and retrospective study, through analysis of records and lab exams of 146 patients undergoing nephrectomy from January 2015 to December 2018. Results: Statistically significant difference was found between etiology and patients’ age (p-value Conclusion: This study shows that a large number of young patients undergo nephrectomy, many times avoidable;within a benign disease context with an increased risk of developing renal failure. Greater attention from the public service is required to tackle such chronic condition and its complications.

China's Biotechnology Development Program during the Tenth Five-Year Plan Period (2001-2005)

Bioengineering TechnoIogy(Ⅰ)1. Crop molecular marker-assisted selection and pyramiding breeding technology2. Super hybrid

China's Biotech Achievements——Development of China's 863 Program in the Ninth Five-Year Plan Period

Modern biotechnology booms in the molecular life science. It brings about a promising future for improving human health, foodstuff, environment and energy and is of significance to improve traditional agriculture, druamakins and other

Family planning program under low fertility:where to go

This commentary is intended to take China as a case to discuss the mission of the family planning program under low fertility scenario.After a brief review of the initiation of family planning program in the 1970s,as well as the reorientation of family planning program since ICPD in 1994,it will focus on the new mission for the family planning program under low fertility scenario in the twenty-first century,in particular concerning the issue of induced abortion among the others.Given the enormous evidence of unmet needs in reproductive health as identified in the discussion,it is argued that family planning programmes are in fact even more needed than ever before under low-fertility scenario,and should not be abandoned but strengthened,which clearly has nothing to do to call back to the program for population control in the 1970s-1980s,and nor even go back to the program for“two reorientations”in the 1990s,but to aim to serving the people to fulfill their reproductive health and reproductive rights in light of ICPD and SDGs,and to become truly integral component of“Healthy China 2030”Strategy.

Logical framework of quality of care in family planning in China:client-centered approach

The year 2018 marks the 40th anniversary of China’s reforms and opening to the world.As an important part of the overall reform effort,reform of the national family planning program,begun in the 1990s as a pilot project focused on quality of care,has achieved historic and significant results.The pilot project,conducted by the State Family Planning Commission of China in a few select areas,was a response to the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development in Cairo,as well as to a range of social and economic changes in China.To achieve quality of care,the pilot project adopted a client-centered approach to refocus China’s family planning efforts on client needs and rights,informed choice of contraceptives and the provision of better quality services.After nearly 10 years of trials,the successful experiences of the pilot project served as the basis of a family planning program reform rolled out nationwide.This paper uses a logic framework approach to review the main activities,outputs,and impacts of the pilot project.The paper argues that the quality of care project not only developed a model that facilitated reorientation of China’s earlier family planning efforts,but has also provided experiences and lessons that can serve as references for the implementation of“Healthy China 2030”in the future.

Factors contributing to unmet need for contraception in Nusa Tenggara Barat, Indonesia

Objective To calculate unmet need for contraception according to revised definition, mapping the contraception service needs and analyze factors related to the unmet need for contraception in Nusa Tenggara Barat （NTB）. Methods This research design was cross sectional, using data from Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey 2012. Subjects were from 1 362 household, and were married women aged 15-49 years in NTB Province （685 women）. Calculating method of unmet need for contraception used revised version, and analysis method was univariate, bivariate, and multivariate （Logistic regression）. Results Majority of married women aged 15-49 years in NTB need contraception service （73.1%）. However, it was known that met need for contraception was only 56.0%. Meanwhile, unmet need rate for contraception in NTB was 17.1%, specifically 11.5% for spacing and 5.6% for limiting. Factors contributing to unmet need for contraception in NTB were： household assets at above average （OR=O. 77）, parity of 2-3 children （OR=0. 73）, women with junior high school education level （0R=0.68）, never be visited by health workers （OR=O. 68）. Conclusions Factors that contribute to unmet need for contraception in NTB are household assets, parity, education level and visited by health workers. Government has to prioritize those f our factors in policy intervention and promotion of family planning participation program in NTB.

Implications of an Unlimited Fertility Policy in China:Lessons from Low Fertility and Population Aging in Japan and Korea

In 2016 China began implementing a new population strategy after having maintained a one-child policy for 35 years.This paper draws on the lessons we can learn about low fertility and population aging in Japan and South Korea to consider the implications of the newly announced'universal two-child'policy in China.Japan,Korea and China share many socio-cultural characteristics and have undergone similar processes with respect to low fertility and population aging at different periods of time.Many scholars argue that China's family planning program has greatly reduced China's fertility level,but the effects of other socioeconomic factors have,in fact,had a greater impact on the reduction of the fertility rate than the one-child policy had.Considering the effects of the fertility policy that limits the number of births in China and the lessons we can get from unsuccessful fertility boosting measures in Japan and Korea,this paper suggests that a fertility policy that puts no limits on births should be adopted in China.

Seven Research Projects Sponsored by the 973 Program and the Major Research Plan

China＇s Ministry of Science and Technology recently announced approval of China＇s National Basic Research Program （the 973 Program） and the Major Research Plan projects in 2008. Five Tsinghua research projects will be sponsored by the 973 Program and two by the Major Research Plan. Seven professors were appointed as chief scientists for the projects. Tsinghua has undertaken 28 projects since the 973 Program＇s inception involving 28 chief scientists and eight Major Research Plan projects involving eight chief scientists. Tsinghua is one of the country＇s leading institutions for supervision and conduct of the 973 Program projects.

建设用地规划方案的碳排放核算与低碳优化方法

Built-up area(BUA)significantly contributes to global greenhouse gas emissions,making strategic spatial planning crucial for carbon emission control.Given the diverse land use patterns and carbon emission sources in BUAs,this study proposed a land-based strategy system for carbon emission assessment and optimization.A three-step method was devised to create a planner-friendly tool for implementing the system,which involves carbon emission intensity calculation based on current land use,spatial illustration of carbon emission intensities based on land use planning,and planning program optimization and emission reduction effect assessment.The method was applied to the central urban area of Changxing County(Zhejiang)in China.The results showed that the structures and emission intensities of urban land use substantially influenced the overall carbon emissions in the central urban area.Our comprehensive land use optimization strategies reduced the overall carbon emissions of the central urban area by 36.9%when compared to the original planning program.The Monte Carlo simulation indicated that land use structure optimization and emission intensity control measures could reduce carbon emission rate by 5.20%to 18.28%,and 18.44%to 31.67%,respectively.The results underlined the importance of making specific adjustments to land use structure and implementing intensity control measures for effective carbon reduction.In conclusion,this study offers methods and insights for urban planners in creating sustainable and low-carbon urban spaces.