Inter-Row Spacing of PV Power Plant

When designing a solar power plant, it is much more important to avoid the shadow on the PV Panels. As the shadow falls on the PV Panels;it significantly reduces the generation of required power as planned and designed. This research paper and case study will help a lot to avoid shadow, especially when selecting inter-row spacing between the strings of solar power plants.

Effects of Planting Density and Row Spacing on Grass Yield of Forage Sweet Sorghum(Sorghum bicolor [L.]Moench)

[Objective] The aim was to explore high-yielding cultivation techniques for forage sweet sorghum. [Method[ The effects of planting density and row spacing on plant productivity and grass yield of forage sweet sorghum （Sorghum bicolor （L.） Moench） were compared using split-plot design and LSD method of IBMSPSSStatis- ticsv22. [Result]The planting density and row spacing had important influence on the plant productivity and yield of forage sweet sorghum. The optimum planting density- row spacing combination for plant productivity of forage sweet sorghum was A1B,, i. e., planting density of 75 000 plants/hm2 and row spacing of 40 cm, and the opti- mum combination for yield of forage sweet sorghum was A2B,, i.e., planting density of 225 000 plants/hm2 and row spacing of 40 cm. [Conclusion] This study will pro- vide theoretical basis and technical support for the production practice of forage sweet sorghum.

Effect of Row Space and Planting Density on Yield of Miandan No.12

Effect of row space and planting density on yield of Miandan No.12 was studied. The test included four row spaces and two planting densities. Specifically, four row spaces were 50, 67, 83 and 100 cm and two planting densities were 42 000 and 48 000 plant/hm2. The results showed that Miandan No.12 reached the highest yield when row space was 50 cm and planting density was 48 000 plantJhm2 and Miandan No.12 got the lowest yield when row space was 100 cm and planting density was 42 000 plants/hm2.

Effects of Planting Density and Row Spacing on Plant Productivity of Autumn Forage Sweet Sorghum in Hebei Province

[ Objective] This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between each of planting density and row spacing and plant productivity of forage sweet sorghum planted in autumn idle land. [ Methods] Using split-plot experiment design experiment method and LSD method of IBM. SPSS. Statistics. v22 statistics software, the effects of planting density and row spacing on plant productivity of forage sweet sorghum planted in autumn idle land were compared. [ Result] The results showed that the planting density and row spacing had important influences on plant productivity of forage sweet sorghum planted in autumn idle land. Moreover, the optimal combination of plant productivity for A1B4 , i. e. ,under the combination of the planting density of 7.5 × 10^4 plants/hm^2 and the row spacing of 40 cm, the fresh weight and dry weight per plant were 654.37 and 147.11 g/plant, respectively. [ Conclusion ] The results provided a theoretical basis for the production of forage sweet sorghum in autumn idle land.

Ultra-fast Maize （Zea mays L.） Hybrid Growth Response to Plant Population Density

Current arable land and increasing food demand necessitates the practice of double and multiple cropping systems with inclusion of ultra-fast maize hybrids, which are characterized by smaller size, fewer leaves per plant, lower leaf area and fewer self-shading problems, under irrigation. In this context, a field experiment was conducted for two successive cropping seasons 2008/2009 to 2009/2010 at Kenilworth Experimental Station to evaluate the effect of row spacings and plant density on growth. Three row spacing （0.225, 0.45 and 0.90 m） and five plant densities （5, 7.5, 10, 12.5 and 15 plants m^-2） were used. Treatments were combined in a factorial combination and laid out in a completely randomized design with replications consisting of five single plants randomly selected from each treatment for destructive sampling. Growth factors reacted differently to row spacing by plant density. At crop establishment, growth indicators were not significantly affected by either main effects or a combination thereof. However, at the end of the vegetative phase, almost all growth indicators reached a maximum and were significantly affected by treatment interactions. Growth analysis showed that there was an interaction effect of row spacing by plant density on plant height, dry matter （DM） accumulation, leaf area index （LAI）, crop growth rate （CGR） and net assimilation rate （NAR） of maize. Therefore, the current investigation demonstrated that a row spacing of 0.45 m or 0.90 m with a plant density of 10 plants m^-2 was optimum for the selected ultra-fast maize hybrid under irrigation.

大豆-玉米带状复合种植株行距优化

合理的株行距配置可使大豆-玉米带状复合种植增产增收。为明确适宜界首市推广的大豆-玉米带状复合种植株行距,文章采用6∶4(大豆∶玉米)种植模式,研究4种不同株行距配置对大豆-玉米带状复合种植产量和产值的影响。结果表明,在大豆∶玉米6∶4种植模式下,品种组合1、2、3适宜株行距配置为大豆∶12 cm×30 cm,玉米∶12 cm×60 cm;品种组合4、5适宜株行距配置为大豆∶12 cm×30 cm,玉米∶14 cm×50 cm。在此株行距配置下,各品种组合的产量及产值最高,适宜在界首市推广应用。

Effect of Plant Spacing on Growth and Grain Yield of Soybean

In the Philippines, rice monoculture systems are common. Compared to these systems, the rice-soybean cropping system may prove more water-efficient and there is a trend of increasing soybean area in the response to water scarcity and need for crop diversification in the Philippines. A field study was conducted to evaluate the effect of row and plant to plant spacing (20 × 10, 20 × 5, 40 × 10, and 40 × 5 cm) on growth and yield of soybean. Plant height was not influenced by the plant geometry. Spacing, however, influenced leaf area and shoot biomass of soybean. Plants grown at the widest spacing (i.e., 40 × 10 cm) produced lowest leaf area and shoot biomass at 6 and 12 weeks after planting. Leaf area and shoot biomass at other three spacing were similar. There was a negative and linear relationship between weed biomass and crop shoot biomass at 6 and 12 weeks after planting. Grain yield of soybean was not affected by plant geometry and it ranged from 1.3 to 1.9 t·ha-1 at different spacing.

Effect of Plant Geometry on Growth and Yield of Corn in the Rice-Corn Cropping System

The rice-corn cropping system is increasing in Asia in response to increased demand of corn for feed. A field study was conducted to evaluate the effect of plant geometry (row and plant to plant spacing: 50 × 20, 50 × 30, 75 × 20, and 75 × 30 cm) on growth and yield of corn. Plant height and leaf production per plant were not influenced by the plant geometry. Spacing, however, influenced leaf area, aboveground shoot biomass, and yield of corn per unit area. Highest leaf area, shoot biomass, and yield (8.2 t·ha-1) were produced by plants grown at 50 × 20 cm spacing. The results of this study suggest that narrow rows and plant to plant spacing may increase grain yield by increasing crop growth rates. Plant geometry could be modified to improve yield of corn in the rice-corn cropping system, and thereby increase productivity of the system.

Optimizing Row Spacing to Ameliorate the Productivity of Spring Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.)

One of the main reasons behind reduced cane yield is pathetic method of planting. Planting method and row spacing are the most important yield contributing factors in sugarcane. A field experiment was carried out in order to determine quality and yield of sugarcane in various spatial arrangements. Treatments are 180 cm spaced trenches with triple row strips;180 cm spaced trenches with alternate row strips;120 cm spaced trenches with double row strips and 60 cm spaced furrow with single row. Perusal of data revealed that 3.6%, 13.4%, 15%, 15.3% more cane diameter (cm), cane length (cm), stripped cane yield (t·haˉ1), sugar yield (t·haˉ1) were obtained from 180 cm spaced trenches with triple row strips as compared to conventional planting method i.e. 60 cm spaced furrows. While the number of millable canes mˉ2, polarity %, cane juice purity %, cane juice %, commercial cane sugar % and cane sugar recovery % remained non-significant by different planting techniques.

Effect of Row Spacing on Seed Isoflavone Contents in Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]

Soybean isoflavones compounds such as genistein, daidzein, and glycitein have numerous human health benefits including the reduction of risks of cardiovascular diseases, breast and prostate cancers, and menaupose symptoms in women. Understanding the genetic and environmental control of isoflavones accumulation is of great importance for developing new cultivars with high amounts of seed isoflavones. This study was conducted to analyze the effect of row spacing (25 cm vs. 50 cm) on seed isoflavones accumulation using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the cross of PI 438489B and “Hamilton” (PIxH, n = 50). The two row spaces generated plant densities of 250,000 plants/ha and 90,000 plants/ha, respectively. Significant differences in soybean seed isoflavones (daidzein, genistein and glycitein) contents have been observed between plants grown in the two different plant densities. The mean daidzein content was 0.03458 μg·g-1 in plants grown in 50 cm row spaces (low plant density), which was significantly higher than its content (0.03019 μg·g-1) in plants grown in 25 cm row spaces (high plant density). Similarly, the mean glycitein content in plants grown in 50 cm row spaces (0.01905 μg·g-1) was significantly higher than its content in plants grown in 25 cm row spaces (0.00498 μg·g-1. Also, the mean genistein content in plants grown in 50 cm row spaces (0.01466 μg·g-1) was higher than its content in plants grown in 25 cm row spaces (0.00831 μg·g-1). These preliminary results are important in guiding farmers and breeders on choosing the best row spaces to grow soybean plants in order to optimize isoflavones contents. Further studies are needed to understand the correlation between seed isoflavones contents and other agronomic traits such as seed yield, protein, and oil contents.

Effects of Different Line Spacing and Seedling Belt Width on Yield Formation of Broad-Width Fine Sowing Wheat

In order to explore the interaction effects of line spacing and seedling belt width on wheat yield formation and improve the cultivation techniques of broadwidth and fine seeding of wheat,a high-yielding winter wheat cultivar Shannong 28 was selected as material. Using the split plot design,the main plot was set with line spacing as 20,25 and 30 cm,respectively,and the sub-plot was set with seedling belt width as 3,5,7,9 and 11 cm,respectively. Then,the population dynamics,dry matter accumulation and translocation and yield of wheat were studied under the experimental conditions. The results showed that under the line spacing of 20 cm,the dry matter accumulation and yield of winter wheat were higher with the seedling belt width of 5 cm. When the line spacing was 25 cm,the dry matter accumulation and yield under the seedling belt width of 9 cm reached a high level. Under the line spacing of 30 cm,Shannong 28 achieved higher dry matter accumulation and yield with the seedling belt width of 11 cm. Comprehensive analysis revealed that the suitable treatment for Shannong 28 was 25 cm of line spacing with 9 cm of seedling belt width,which could realize the coordination of the three factors of yield composition and get higher yield. Therefore,the reasonable line spacing and seedling belt width were the important technical ways to realize high yield of wheat.

不同种植密度和行距配置对香蕉产量及品质的影响

为确定香蕉适宜机械化操作的种植密度和行距配置,采用裂区试验设计,以种植密度(P,P1:2190株/hm^(2);P2:2340株/hm^(2);P3:2520株/hm^(2))为主区,行距(R,R1:宽行5.10 m+窄行1.00 m;R2:宽行4.80 m+窄行1.30 m;R3:宽行4.50 m+窄行1.60 m)为裂区,探讨不同种植密度和行距配置对香蕉农艺性状、产量及品质的影响。结果表明:R能显著影响香蕉株高和茎围,P和R对香蕉单产、总产量均有显著影响,P1、P2香蕉单产较P3分别显著提高10.29%、10.88%,P2总产量较P1显著提高6.62%;R3单产、总产量最高,R1单产、总产量最低。分析产量构成可知,R3能提高香蕉商品蕉采收率;P1、P2单果质量较P3显著提高,R3单果质量较R1、R2分别显著提高21.23%、4.44%。P1果指长较P3显著提高,R2、R3间果指长、果指围显著高于R1。P和R对果实可溶性固形物含量均无显著影响。P3可滴定酸含量较P1、P2显著提高,P1、P2的维生素C含量分别较P3显著提高19.38%、15.78%;R3较R1显著提高维生素C含量8.77%。综上所述,宝岛蕉品种种植密度为2340株/hm^(2),宽行4.50 m、窄行1.60 m时,香蕉农艺性状、产量、商品蕉采收率、单果质量、可溶性固形物及维生素C含量最高。

不同行距和密度配置烤烟烟叶颜色量化分析

为了明确不同行距(R1,110 cm和R2,120 cm)和种植密度(D1,16500株·hm^(-2)和D2,19500株·hm^(-2))配置对烤烟烟叶颜色的影响,通过色差仪测定各处理初烤烟叶正面和背面颜色参数。结果表明,与R1相比,R2显著降低叶背面明度均匀度值(ΔL1)、红度值(a)和色差均匀度值(ΔE1)。与D1相比,D2显著提高烟叶明度值(L)、叶尖和叶中的黄度值(b)、黄度差值(Δb)、红度差值(Δa)和叶正面黄度均匀度值(Δb1),显著降低了色相角(H)。行距和种植密度互作中,R2D2的L显著高于R1D1。R1D1叶正面a显著高于R1D2,R1D2的Δa显著低于其他处理。R1D1和R1D2的Δb著低于R2D2,R1D1的Δb1显著低于R2D2。R2D2的叶正面ΔE1显著低于其他处理,R2D1和R2D2叶背面的ΔE1显著低于R1D2。R1D1的H显著高于R1D2和R2D2。由此可见,120 cm行距与种植密度16500株·hm^(-2)的配置有利于百色河谷烟区初烤烟叶的a、b、均匀度和H的提高,促进了该区烟叶高外观质量的形成。

株行距配置对冬小麦冠层结构、光环境及产量的影响

为明确株行距配置对冬小麦冠层光环境及产量的影响,本试验在大田条件下,以山农28作为供试品种,研究两个密度即150万hm^(-2)(D1)和225万hm^(-2)(D2)和3个行距即10 cm(R1)、15 cm(R2)、20 cm(R3)组配的6个株行距配置处理对小麦叶面积指数、叶倾角、叶片叶绿素含量、冠层光合有效辐射、群体光合速率、产量及其构成因素的影响,旨在优化冬小麦株行距配置,提高单产。结果表明,D1密度下小麦生育前期容易形成良好的冠层光环境,有助于营养物质积累,为高产打下基础;相同行距下开花期小麦群体的光合速率表现为D1>D2,说明D1密度有助于叶片中营养物质积累和向籽粒转移;D2密度下小麦生育后期的冠层光环境优于D1,有助于叶片营养物质的持续供应;R1行距下冠层光环境明显优于R2和R3,能够吸收更多的光能,光合作用能力更强。密度和行距二者互作对小麦产量及其构成因素的作用表现为:D1R1>D1R2>D1R3>D2R1>D2R2>D3R3。综上,调整株行距配置是提高冬小麦产量潜力的重要途径,D1R1株行距配置更有助于形成良好的冠层光环境,能够获得最高产量,为最佳株行距配置方式。

株行距和种植深度对西伯利亚百合生长的影响

阐明不同株行距及种植深度对西伯利亚百合在栽植阶段生长的影响,总结试验栽植地最适西伯利亚百合生长的最佳株行距及种植深度,从中挖掘提高西伯利亚百合切花品质的关键种植因素,寻求绿色、高效的增产提质方式。以西伯利亚2、3代种球为试验对象,按照标准化生产流程,采用二因素随机区组设计,探讨不同株行距及种植深度对百合鲜切花的花茎高度、花苞大小及花苞数量的影响。除株行距对2代种球的花苞数量影响达5%显著水平外,株行距及种植深度对西伯利亚百合2代和3代种球的其他生长指标影响均达1%极显著差异水平。处理3即15 cm×20 cm的株行距25 cm的种植深度组合于2代和3代种球均为最佳处理方式。处理7即25 cm×30 cm的株行距15 cm的种植深度组合对2代和3代种球的花茎高度和花苞直径的生长最不利,处理4不利于种球花苞数量的生长。种植深度对于2代和3代种球花苞数量增长的影响大于株行距。而花茎高度和花苞直径则有所区别,种植深度对2代种球花茎高度生长的影响大于株行距,3代种球反之;株行距对2代种球花苞直径的影响大于种植深度,3代种球反之。于2、3代种球的花茎高度和花苞直径而言,A1B3即以15 cm×20 cm的株行距25 cm的种植深度组合能够获得良好的生长效果。而A3B3即25 cm×30 cm的株行距25 cm的种植深度的组合对2代种球的花苞数量增加有利,A1B3则利于3代种球花苞数量的增加。合适的种植深度能够使植物的根系得到良好的发育,同时能够有效地吸收土壤中的养分和水分,促进植物生长。种球种植株行距与百合花苞数量、花茎高度及花苞大小都呈显著正相关。

集雨种植模式下种植密度与行距配置对小麦茎秆糖积累及倒伏性能的影响

【目的】分析沟垄集雨种植模式下不同种植密度和行距配置对小麦茎秆碳水化合物积累和抗倒伏性能的影响,明确适应于小麦沟垄集雨种植合理的密度及行距,为进一步稳定和提升小麦产量提供理论依据。【方法】以北方旱区主栽小麦品种西农979为试验材料,于2019—2021年在集雨种植模式下设置两个密度(低密度:180万株/hm^(2);高密度:225万株/hm^(2))和两种行距处理(等行距:20 cm;非等行距:12.5 cm﹕35 cm﹕12.5 cm),分析不同密度和行距对小麦植株中下部叶片的净光合速率、茎秆非结构性碳水化合物和结构性碳水化合物含量、茎秆折断弯矩和倒伏指数以及籽粒产量的影响。【结果】集雨种植模式下提高种植密度,小麦植株中下部叶片(倒三叶、倒四叶、倒五叶)的净光合速率(Pn)、茎秆基部第二节间非结构性碳水化合物(葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖)和结构性碳水化合物(半纤维素、纤维素)含量、茎秆折断弯矩均明显降低,茎秆倒伏指数显著增高;而高密度种植条件下非等行距处理可改变植株各指标,其中,相较于高种植密度+等行距处理,植株倒三叶、倒四叶、倒五叶Pn明显提高,增幅分别为7.7%—16.5%、5.3%—37.7%、11.9%—24.9%,茎秆葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖含量分别提高了9.8%—15.0%、8.8%—27.4%、8.2%—41.1%,半纤维素、纤维素含量分别增加4.5%—19.8%、5.9%—31.2%,茎秆折断弯矩提高4.8%—17.3%,茎秆倒伏指数降低10.9%—25.9%,小麦产量亦显著提高了13.5%—15.2%。相关分析表明,小麦茎秆基部节间葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖含量与半纤维素、纤维素含量呈极显著正相关;小麦茎秆非结构性碳水化合物、结构性碳水化合物与小麦植株中下部叶片Pn及茎秆折断弯矩呈显著正相关,而与倒伏指数呈极显著负相关。【结论】集雨种植模式下,通过非等行距种植调节群体空间分布,可有效提升小麦植株中下部叶片光合速率,促进茎秆糖类物质合成积累,增强小麦茎秆抗倒伏性能,进而降低小麦倒伏发生率,提高籽粒产量。

密度和行距对直立株型小麦产量、群体冠层特征和抗倒伏性的影响

为了给直立株型小麦的栽培措施调控提供理论依据,本研究以2个小麦直立株型品系‘SN1319’和‘SN1425’为试验材料,设置T1(330×104株/hm^(2)基本苗)和T2(420×104株/hm^(2)基本苗)2个高密度播量,H1、H2和H3(分别为1.10 m播幅6行,8行和10行)3个行距组合,研究种植方式对小麦产量、冠层特征和倒伏特性的影响。结果表明,‘SN1319’和‘SN1425’分别在T2H2和T2H3处理下获得最高产量,比对照‘济麦22’增产9.83%和10.10%;高密度条件改善了小麦冠层形态特征,增加叶面积指数(LAI)和消光系数(EC),提高了小麦冠层光截获能力;但是使群体透光性(LT)下降,倒伏指数(LI)上升。品系、行距对冠层结构、光截获能力以及倒伏特性也具有显著影响。试验表明420×104株/hm^(2)基本苗、适当缩小行距可作为直立株型小麦合理的栽培措施。直立株型小麦作为一种新的类型,能够选育高产甚至超高产小麦品系,在实践中具有应用价值。

不同种植密度对青稞新品系13-5171的产量及农艺性状的影响

青稞是西藏最重要的粮食作物,青稞的高产一直是育种者们追求的目标,适宜的种植密度及行间距是实现青稞高产的重要因素,关于种植密度对产量的影响研究很多,不同青稞品种的适宜种植密度是有差异的。本试验通过研究不同种植密度及行间距对13-5171的产量和农艺性状的影响,确定适宜的种植密度及行间距,为大田生产和推广工作提供可靠的理论依据。

不同株行距对白羊草种子产量及相关农艺性状的影响

[目的]探究白羊草(Bothriochloa ischaemum)种子生产适宜的株距和行距配比。[方法]以“太行”白羊草种子为试验材料,采用双因素裂区试验设计,分别设置4个株距水平(记为R_(1)、R_(2)、R_(3)、R_(4),分别为30、45、60、75 cm)和4个行距水平(记为L_(1)、L_(2)、L_(3)、L_(4),分别为30、45、60、75 cm),研究不同株行距配比对白羊草种子产量及其构成因子的影响。[结果]株距和行距对白羊草生殖枝数、花序长、株高、落粒率均有极显著(P<0.01)的交互作用。株距和行距的交互作用对白羊草实际种子产量有极显著(P<0.01)影响。相关性分析表明,株距与生殖枝数、小穗数、理论种子产量和实际种子产量呈显著(P<0.05)正相关关系,与花序长呈显著(P<0.05)负相关关系;行距与生殖枝数、小穗数、千粒重、理论种子产量和实际种子产量呈显著(P<0.05)正相关关系,与花序长呈显著(P<0.05)负相关关系。主成分分析表明,前两个主成分累积贡献率为81.946%,决定第1公因子的主要性状是生殖枝数、小穗数、花序长、落粒率、千粒重、理论种子产量、实际种子产量,第2公因子贡献率为20.994%。产量指标综合评价表明,R_(3)L_(3)(60 cm×60 cm)分数最高,为5.039。[结论]为获得白羊草最高种子产量,将株距和行距均设置为60 cm为宜。

不同种植密度与氮肥互作对红花产量及品质的影响

为明确引黄灌区红花(Carthamus tinctorius)最佳种植密度和适宜氮肥施用量,本试验选用红花‘甘红1号’为试验材料,采用裂区设计,主区为施氮量,副区为种植密度,设3个施N水平(45、90、135 kg·hm^(-2))和4个种植密度(株行距分别为30 cm×60 cm、25 cm×60 cm、25 cm×50 cm、27 cm×40 cm),研究不同施氮量和种植密度对红花产量品质及氮素吸收利用的影响。结果表明,施氮量和种植密度显著影响红花产量品质及氮素利用,农艺性状、产量性状及氮素积累量随着两者的增加呈先增大后降低的趋势。籽粒产量、羟基红花黄色素A (HSYA)、氮素积累量、氮肥表观利用率和氮肥农学利用率受交互作用影响显著,干花产量对种植密度反应敏感。其中,施氮量90 kg·hm^(-2)、株行距25 cm×50 cm条件下,HSYA含量最高,其余指标在施氮量90 kg·hm^(-2)、株行距25 cm×60 cm条件下趋于最大。综合考虑产量、品质、氮素利用协同提高,在引黄灌区红花种植最佳施氮量为90 kg·hm^(-2),种植密度以株行距25 cm×50 cm或25 cm×60 cm为宜。