Plants with bioactive properties are greatly useful in preventing and controlling blood-sucking and disease-vector invertebrates, particularly in developing countries and low-income communities. Their application is a...Plants with bioactive properties are greatly useful in preventing and controlling blood-sucking and disease-vector invertebrates, particularly in developing countries and low-income communities. Their application is a promising alternative to synthetic compounds whose use remains a health, environmental, and economic challenge. However, many are still unknown and unvalued, while others are becoming ignored and threatened. The main objective of this ethnobotanical study is to identify and characterize indigenous and locally grown plants against blood-sucking and disease-vector insects. Salient opportunities and challenges of using these plants are documented and discussed. Semi-structured interviews, using a prepared questionnaire, were conducted with 228 informants. The consensus index (CI) was calculated to analyze the reliability of the collected information. The identified 31 anti-insect plant species belong to 20 botanical families, four morphological categories, and six habitat types. They can be categorized as insecticidal plants (42% of the total), insect repellent (42% of the total), and both insecticidal and insect repellent (16% of the total). More than 54% of these are still abundant in the study area, while about 35.5% have become rare and difficultly accessible. Based on the numerical importance of related anti-insect plant species, the seven targeted blood-sucking insects range in the following decreasing order: Jiggers (16 species) > Fire Ants (9 species) > Flies (8 plants) > Mosquitoes (4 species) > Fleas (2 species) > Bedbugs (1 species) > lice (0 species). The three most commonly used plants, with the highest confirmation indices, are Tetradenia riparia (ICs = 0.712), Eucalyptus globulus subsp. maidenii (ICs = 0.302), and Solanum aculeastrum (ICs = 0.288). The antimicrobial role of many locally grown anti-insect plants and the multiple other associated valorization possibilities are ignored by most informants. Domesticating, propagating, protecting, and promoting the sustainable use of these plants would be an appropriate route for their conservation and continued availability.展开更多
植物提取物是畜禽饲料添加剂的重要组成部分,在畜禽养殖中起到抗氧化、抗炎、抗应激和提高生产性能的作用。目前植物提取物的制备多采用常规的有机溶剂(乙醇、氯仿和乙酸乙酯)提取,有机溶剂的易燃、易挥发和毒性会对提取人员造成伤害,...植物提取物是畜禽饲料添加剂的重要组成部分,在畜禽养殖中起到抗氧化、抗炎、抗应激和提高生产性能的作用。目前植物提取物的制备多采用常规的有机溶剂(乙醇、氯仿和乙酸乙酯)提取,有机溶剂的易燃、易挥发和毒性会对提取人员造成伤害,提取后的废液会造成环境的污染。天然低共熔溶剂(natural deep eutectic solvents, NADESs)是一种以初级代谢产物等天然成分为原料的新型绿色提取溶剂,具有制备简单、低毒或无毒、价廉易得、可生物降解、可回收利用等优点,是未来替代传统有机提取溶剂的新型溶剂,已广泛应用到化工、食品、中药提取等技术领域。文章综述了天然低共熔溶剂在植物提取物中的最新应用进展,旨在为天然低共熔溶剂的推广和应用提供指导。展开更多
文摘Plants with bioactive properties are greatly useful in preventing and controlling blood-sucking and disease-vector invertebrates, particularly in developing countries and low-income communities. Their application is a promising alternative to synthetic compounds whose use remains a health, environmental, and economic challenge. However, many are still unknown and unvalued, while others are becoming ignored and threatened. The main objective of this ethnobotanical study is to identify and characterize indigenous and locally grown plants against blood-sucking and disease-vector insects. Salient opportunities and challenges of using these plants are documented and discussed. Semi-structured interviews, using a prepared questionnaire, were conducted with 228 informants. The consensus index (CI) was calculated to analyze the reliability of the collected information. The identified 31 anti-insect plant species belong to 20 botanical families, four morphological categories, and six habitat types. They can be categorized as insecticidal plants (42% of the total), insect repellent (42% of the total), and both insecticidal and insect repellent (16% of the total). More than 54% of these are still abundant in the study area, while about 35.5% have become rare and difficultly accessible. Based on the numerical importance of related anti-insect plant species, the seven targeted blood-sucking insects range in the following decreasing order: Jiggers (16 species) > Fire Ants (9 species) > Flies (8 plants) > Mosquitoes (4 species) > Fleas (2 species) > Bedbugs (1 species) > lice (0 species). The three most commonly used plants, with the highest confirmation indices, are Tetradenia riparia (ICs = 0.712), Eucalyptus globulus subsp. maidenii (ICs = 0.302), and Solanum aculeastrum (ICs = 0.288). The antimicrobial role of many locally grown anti-insect plants and the multiple other associated valorization possibilities are ignored by most informants. Domesticating, propagating, protecting, and promoting the sustainable use of these plants would be an appropriate route for their conservation and continued availability.
文摘植物提取物是畜禽饲料添加剂的重要组成部分,在畜禽养殖中起到抗氧化、抗炎、抗应激和提高生产性能的作用。目前植物提取物的制备多采用常规的有机溶剂(乙醇、氯仿和乙酸乙酯)提取,有机溶剂的易燃、易挥发和毒性会对提取人员造成伤害,提取后的废液会造成环境的污染。天然低共熔溶剂(natural deep eutectic solvents, NADESs)是一种以初级代谢产物等天然成分为原料的新型绿色提取溶剂,具有制备简单、低毒或无毒、价廉易得、可生物降解、可回收利用等优点,是未来替代传统有机提取溶剂的新型溶剂,已广泛应用到化工、食品、中药提取等技术领域。文章综述了天然低共熔溶剂在植物提取物中的最新应用进展,旨在为天然低共熔溶剂的推广和应用提供指导。
