Understanding the effects of wheat dwarfing genes on the coleoptile length and plant height is crucial for the proper utilization of dwarfing genes in the improvement of wheat yield. Molecular marker analysis combined...Understanding the effects of wheat dwarfing genes on the coleoptile length and plant height is crucial for the proper utilization of dwarfing genes in the improvement of wheat yield. Molecular marker analysis combined with pedigree information were used to classify wheat cultivars widely planted in major wheat growing regions in China into different categories based on the dwarfing genes they carried. The effects of the dwarfing genes with different sensitivity to gibberellins （GA3） on the coleoptile length and plant height were analyzed. Screening of 129 cultivars by molecular marker analysis revealed that 58 genotypes of wheat contained the dwarfing gene Rht-B1b, 24 genotypes of wheat contained Rht-D1b gene and 73 genotypes of wheat possessed Rht8 gene. In addition, among these 129 cultivars, 35 genotypes of wheat cultivars contained both Rht-B1b and Rht8 genes and 16 genotypes of wheat cultivars contained both Rht-D1b and Rht8 genes. Wheat cultivars with the dwarfing genes Rht-B1b or Rht-D1b were insensitive to GA3, while the cultivars with the dwarfing gene Rht8 were sensitive to GA3. Most of the wheat genotypes containing combination of Rht8 gene with either Rht-B1b or Rht-D1b gene were insensitive to GA3. The plant height was reduced by 24.6, 30.4, 28.2, and 32.2%, respectively, for the wheat cultivars containing Rht-B1b, Rht-D1b, Rht-B1b ＋ Rht8, and Rht-D1b ＋ Rht8 genes. The plant height was reduced by 14.3% for the wheat cultivar containing GA3-sensitive gene Rht8. The coleoptile length was shortened by 25.4, 31.3, 28.4 and 31.3%, respectively, in the wheat cultivars containing Rht-B1b, Rht-D1b, Rht-B1b ＋Rht8 and Rht-D1b ＋ Rht8 genes, while the coleoptile length was shortened only by 6.2% for the wheat cultivar containing Rht8 gene. We conclude that GA3-insensitive dwarfing genes （Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b） are not suitable for the wheat improvement in dryland because these two genes have effect on reducing both plant height and coleoptile length. In contrast, GA3- sensitive dwarfing gene （Rht8） is a relatively ideal candidate for the wheat improvement since it significantly reduces the plant height of wheat, but has less effect on the coleoptile length.展开更多
Six pairs of tall and dwarf near-isogenic lines derived from a dominant semi-dwarf mutant （Y98149） were selected to study height expression and sensitivity to gibberellic acid （GA3）. The lengths of the 4-5th inter...Six pairs of tall and dwarf near-isogenic lines derived from a dominant semi-dwarf mutant （Y98149） were selected to study height expression and sensitivity to gibberellic acid （GA3）. The lengths of the 4-5th internode, the 3rd, 2nd, 1st internodes from the top and the panicle length in the six dwarf near isogenic lines were 97.2%, 53.3%, 65.1%, 61.9% and 94.7% of those in the six tall ones, respectively, indicating that the dominant semi-dwarfing gene significantly inhibited the internode elongation. Moreover, Y98149 （mutant type） was more sensitive to GA3 than Y98148 （wild type）, and had a lower GA3 concentration in plant, about 78% of Y98148.展开更多
适宜的株高和穗位高可提高植株的养分利用效率及抗倒伏性,对玉米增产和稳产具有重要意义。为揭示玉米株高和穗位高遗传机制,本研究以854份玉米自交系为关联群体,利用均匀分布于玉米10条染色体的2795个SNP标记对4个环境下玉米株高、穗位...适宜的株高和穗位高可提高植株的养分利用效率及抗倒伏性,对玉米增产和稳产具有重要意义。为揭示玉米株高和穗位高遗传机制,本研究以854份玉米自交系为关联群体,利用均匀分布于玉米10条染色体的2795个SNP标记对4个环境下玉米株高、穗位高以及穗位系数进行全基因组关联分析(genome-wide association study,GWAS)。共定位到81个显著关联SNP位点(P<0.0001),其中与株高显著关联的SNP为35个,单个位点表型解释率为0.02%~6.23%;与穗位高显著关联SNP为31个,单个位点表型变异解释率为0.03%~3.06%;与穗位系数显著关联的SNP位点为24个,单个位点表型变异解释率为0.03%~6.64%。进一步鉴定出15个可在2个及以上环境共定位的稳定SNP,其中6个为本研究首次发现,9个位于前人定位QTL区间或/和关联SNP位点2 Mb范围内。在15个稳定SNP位点上下游各200kb的置信区间共发现83个功能注释基因,结合文献分析筛选出了每个位点最有可能的候选基因,这些候选基因主要参与激素合成与信号转导、糖类代谢、细胞分裂调控等途径。鉴定出6个主效SNP位点,并发现1个可同时调控株高、穗位高和穗位系数的一因多效位点。本研究可为分子标记辅助选择育种提供有效遗传位点,为精细定位和克隆株高与穗位高相关性状基因提供参考。展开更多
Heterosis in internode elongation and plant height is commonly observed in hybrid plants, but the molecular basis for the increased internode elongation in hybrids is unknown. In this study, midparent heterosis in pla...Heterosis in internode elongation and plant height is commonly observed in hybrid plants, but the molecular basis for the increased internode elongation in hybrids is unknown. In this study, midparent heterosis in plant height was determined in a wheat diallel cross involving 16 hybrids and 8 parents, and real-time PCR was used to analyze alterations in gene expression between hybrids and parents. Significant heterosis of plant height and the first internode in length were observed for all 16 hybrids, but the magnitude of heterosis was variable for different cross combinations. Analysis revealed that the heterosis of the first internode was significantly correlated to that of plant height (r = 0.56, P < 0.05), suggesting that the increased elongation of the first internode is the major contributor to the heterosis in plant height. Real-time PCR analysis exhibited that significant difference in heterosis of gene ex- pression was observed among all cross combinations. Moreover, heterosis of the first internode in length was correlated significantly and positively with expression heterosis of KS, GA3ox2-1, GA20ox2, GA20ox1D, GA-MYB and GID1-1, but significantly and negatively with expression heterosis of GAI and GA2ox-1, which is consistent with our recently proposed model of GAs and heterosis in wheat plant height, suggesting the alteration of GA biosynthesis and response pathways might be responsible for the observed heterosis in plant height.展开更多
基金supported by the National High-Tech R&D Program of China (863 Program, 2006AA100201,2006AA100223)the National Basic Research Programof China (973 Program, 2006CB708208)+1 种基金the 111 Pro-gram of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universi-ties of China (111-2-16)the ACIAR Program of Australia (CIM/2005/111)
文摘Understanding the effects of wheat dwarfing genes on the coleoptile length and plant height is crucial for the proper utilization of dwarfing genes in the improvement of wheat yield. Molecular marker analysis combined with pedigree information were used to classify wheat cultivars widely planted in major wheat growing regions in China into different categories based on the dwarfing genes they carried. The effects of the dwarfing genes with different sensitivity to gibberellins （GA3） on the coleoptile length and plant height were analyzed. Screening of 129 cultivars by molecular marker analysis revealed that 58 genotypes of wheat contained the dwarfing gene Rht-B1b, 24 genotypes of wheat contained Rht-D1b gene and 73 genotypes of wheat possessed Rht8 gene. In addition, among these 129 cultivars, 35 genotypes of wheat cultivars contained both Rht-B1b and Rht8 genes and 16 genotypes of wheat cultivars contained both Rht-D1b and Rht8 genes. Wheat cultivars with the dwarfing genes Rht-B1b or Rht-D1b were insensitive to GA3, while the cultivars with the dwarfing gene Rht8 were sensitive to GA3. Most of the wheat genotypes containing combination of Rht8 gene with either Rht-B1b or Rht-D1b gene were insensitive to GA3. The plant height was reduced by 24.6, 30.4, 28.2, and 32.2%, respectively, for the wheat cultivars containing Rht-B1b, Rht-D1b, Rht-B1b ＋ Rht8, and Rht-D1b ＋ Rht8 genes. The plant height was reduced by 14.3% for the wheat cultivar containing GA3-sensitive gene Rht8. The coleoptile length was shortened by 25.4, 31.3, 28.4 and 31.3%, respectively, in the wheat cultivars containing Rht-B1b, Rht-D1b, Rht-B1b ＋Rht8 and Rht-D1b ＋ Rht8 genes, while the coleoptile length was shortened only by 6.2% for the wheat cultivar containing Rht8 gene. We conclude that GA3-insensitive dwarfing genes （Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b） are not suitable for the wheat improvement in dryland because these two genes have effect on reducing both plant height and coleoptile length. In contrast, GA3- sensitive dwarfing gene （Rht8） is a relatively ideal candidate for the wheat improvement since it significantly reduces the plant height of wheat, but has less effect on the coleoptile length.
基金This work was supported by the grants of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.3037863)Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province,China(No.01041103).
文摘Six pairs of tall and dwarf near-isogenic lines derived from a dominant semi-dwarf mutant （Y98149） were selected to study height expression and sensitivity to gibberellic acid （GA3）. The lengths of the 4-5th internode, the 3rd, 2nd, 1st internodes from the top and the panicle length in the six dwarf near isogenic lines were 97.2%, 53.3%, 65.1%, 61.9% and 94.7% of those in the six tall ones, respectively, indicating that the dominant semi-dwarfing gene significantly inhibited the internode elongation. Moreover, Y98149 （mutant type） was more sensitive to GA3 than Y98148 （wild type）, and had a lower GA3 concentration in plant, about 78% of Y98148.
文摘适宜的株高和穗位高可提高植株的养分利用效率及抗倒伏性,对玉米增产和稳产具有重要意义。为揭示玉米株高和穗位高遗传机制,本研究以854份玉米自交系为关联群体,利用均匀分布于玉米10条染色体的2795个SNP标记对4个环境下玉米株高、穗位高以及穗位系数进行全基因组关联分析(genome-wide association study,GWAS)。共定位到81个显著关联SNP位点(P<0.0001),其中与株高显著关联的SNP为35个,单个位点表型解释率为0.02%~6.23%;与穗位高显著关联SNP为31个,单个位点表型变异解释率为0.03%~3.06%;与穗位系数显著关联的SNP位点为24个,单个位点表型变异解释率为0.03%~6.64%。进一步鉴定出15个可在2个及以上环境共定位的稳定SNP,其中6个为本研究首次发现,9个位于前人定位QTL区间或/和关联SNP位点2 Mb范围内。在15个稳定SNP位点上下游各200kb的置信区间共发现83个功能注释基因,结合文献分析筛选出了每个位点最有可能的候选基因,这些候选基因主要参与激素合成与信号转导、糖类代谢、细胞分裂调控等途径。鉴定出6个主效SNP位点,并发现1个可同时调控株高、穗位高和穗位系数的一因多效位点。本研究可为分子标记辅助选择育种提供有效遗传位点,为精细定位和克隆株高与穗位高相关性状基因提供参考。
基金Supported by the National Key Basic Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2007CB109000)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 30671297, 30600392, 30871529, 30871577)
文摘Heterosis in internode elongation and plant height is commonly observed in hybrid plants, but the molecular basis for the increased internode elongation in hybrids is unknown. In this study, midparent heterosis in plant height was determined in a wheat diallel cross involving 16 hybrids and 8 parents, and real-time PCR was used to analyze alterations in gene expression between hybrids and parents. Significant heterosis of plant height and the first internode in length were observed for all 16 hybrids, but the magnitude of heterosis was variable for different cross combinations. Analysis revealed that the heterosis of the first internode was significantly correlated to that of plant height (r = 0.56, P < 0.05), suggesting that the increased elongation of the first internode is the major contributor to the heterosis in plant height. Real-time PCR analysis exhibited that significant difference in heterosis of gene ex- pression was observed among all cross combinations. Moreover, heterosis of the first internode in length was correlated significantly and positively with expression heterosis of KS, GA3ox2-1, GA20ox2, GA20ox1D, GA-MYB and GID1-1, but significantly and negatively with expression heterosis of GAI and GA2ox-1, which is consistent with our recently proposed model of GAs and heterosis in wheat plant height, suggesting the alteration of GA biosynthesis and response pathways might be responsible for the observed heterosis in plant height.
