Screening of the Indoor Plants for Removing Formaldehyde

[ Objective] The research aimed to screen out the best ornamental houseplants to remove formaldehyde from indoor air through deposition velocity and to explore the pathways of plants for formaldehyde removal. [ Method] Fifty-three indoor ornamental plant species were experimen- ted in series of sealed chambers （volumes of O. 096 m^3 ） by formaldehyde fumigation with the internal concentration of （1 ± 0. 1 ） mg/L in this study. The removal efficiency of formaldehyde was assessed by the uptake fluxes and the deposition velocity of formaldehyde. [ Result] Six species of indoor plants （ Hedera helix, Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem, Nephrolepis exaltata cv. Bostoniensis, Begonia evansiana, Mentha canadensis L. and Adiantum capillus-veneris Linn. ） with high formaldehyde removal efficiency were firstly screened out. Significance analysis of the deposition velocity by Statistical Program for Social Sciences （SPSS） presented that tested plants belonging to the same genera or family had similar ability to remove formaldehyde pollution. The diurnal variations of deposition velocity for the six plants were then tested further. The results showed that four of them, including Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem, Nephrolepis exaltata cv. Bostoniensis, Mentha canadensis L. and Adiantum capi//us-veneris Linn. re- moved formaldehyde mainly by leaves surface adsorption, while Begonia evansiana and Hedera helix by stomatal uptake, f Conclusion Begonia evansiana and Hedera helixare the most efficient indoor plants among the 53 species studied for phytoremediation of the air formaldehyde pollution.

Screening of the Growth-Inhibitory Effects of 168 Plant Species against Lettuce Seedlings

The methanol extracts of 168 plant species from 68 families were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against lettuce seedling elongation. Among the plant species tested, 12 species had EC50 values for radicle growth inhibition ranging from 0.01 to 5.00 mg fresh weight equivalent mL-1. Enterolobium contortisiliquum, a traditionally used herbal medicine, exhibited the strongest inhibitory activity (estimated EC50: 0.28 fresh weight equivalent mL-1). Among the 12 species, Pachysandra terminalis, Tamarindus indica, and Albizia guachapele required investigation, because only little has been reported about their chemical constituents to date. The data in the present study would be useful in finding new lead compounds for natural herbicides.

Function and Screening of Plants in Ecological Floating Bed Applied in Treating Rural Domestic Wastewater

With the construction of new countryside and the development of people's living standard,the environmental problems caused by rural domestic sewage gradually attracts more attention. Ecological floating bed is one of the effective techniques for treating rural domestic sewage. Building different types of ecological floating beds according to the surrounding environment characteristics in rural areas could treat rural domestic sewage with low operation cost,simple management and convenient maintenance,and could obtain a certain economic benefit as well. Therefore,ecological floating bed get fast development in treating rural domestic sewage. The screening of plants would be vital as an important role. Assembling different plants by choosing those with ornamental function,economic benefit and strong decontamination ability according to the surrounding environment and characteristics of domestic waste water along with the seasonal features of plant growth could take full advantages of ecological floating bed.

Screening of Primers for DNA Barcoding of Sedum Plants

[ Objective] This study aimed to screen primers for DNA barcoding of Sedum plants. [ Method] Sedum lineare Thunb., S. spectabile Boreau, S. ta- tarinowii Maxim, S. aizoon L. and S. sarmentosum Bunge were used as experimental materials. Nuclear DNA and chloroplast DNA were extracted from these five Sedum plants with CTAB method for primer screening by PCR amplification. PCR products were detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. [ Result] Four sequences suitable for DNA barcoding of Sedum plants were preliminarily screened from six candidate sequences （psbA-trnH, ropB, rbcL, rpoC1, ITS 2, marK）, including psbA-trnH, ropB, rpoC1 and ITS 2. The amplification rate of these four sequences reached 100%. [ Conclusion] This study provided basis for DNA barcoding of Sedum plants.

Screening for Plant Toxins in Honey and Herbal Beverage by Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Ion Mobility-Quadrupole Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry

The standards of plant toxins were separated by a C18 column with gradient elution with 0.1% formic acid/water (V/V) and 0.1% formic acid/acetonitrile (V/V) as mobile phase and acquired by ion mobility-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (IM-QTOF MS) in positive ion mode. A database of 308 plant toxins including retention time, collision cross-section (CCS) and its fragment ions was established. Honey dissolved in water or herbal beverage was extracted by acetonitrile and purified with PSA sorbent, and then acquired by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography IM-QTOFMS. The acquired data were processed by comparing with the database we established to confirm the target compounds. The average recoveries for samples at two levels ranged from 60.6% - 120.1%, with relative standard deviation (n = 6) less than 25%. The limit of quantitation for plant toxins ranged from 1 - 20 μg/kg. The developed screening method was used in determination of honey, herbal beverage and honey flavored tea beverage samples. The results showed that berberine was detected in one honey with 1 μg/kg and caffeine was present in some beverages with the concentration from 200 and 5500 μg/kg. This method could meet the requirement for rapid screening of plant toxins in honey and herbal beverage. It can be used for the quality control of honey and herbal beverage in enterprises or quality inspection departments. It also can be used in the rapid screening of food poisoning.

Phytochemical Screening and Chromatographic Purification of Bauhunia semibifida ROXB Hexane-Dichloromethane Leaf Extract

Bauhunia semibifida is among the several plants that have been studied for their medicinal properties. Bauhunia is native to India. However, some species have been found in Africa. It has several important uses, such as anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancerous. This study is aimed primarily at carrying out a preliminary phytochemical screening to ascertain the classes of bioactive compounds present in Bauhunia semibifida and ascertain the solvent system(s) for their separation. Several solvents were used for the extraction as well as in the chromatographic profiling of all the products of extraction. Thin layer chromatography was performed on silica gel-coated glass plates using several mobile phase protocols (Hexane: Ethylacetate, Dichloromethane (DCM): Methanol). Further purification of the extracts was done using classical column (CcSiO2) and gel filtration chromatography. TLC profiling of DCM and Hexane extracts shows the same Rf values of less than 1 and are thus combined to give the Hexane/DCM extract, which gave two compounds following isocratic elution from column chromatography. Phytochemical screening of the extract showed the presence of Tannins, Cardiac glycosides, Alkaloids, Flavonoids and Phenolic compounds. Hexane/DCM extract thus contains phytocompounds which can further be studied.

勉县玉米-大豆带状复合种植玉米品种筛选试验

玉米-大豆带状复合种植技术目标是保证带状复合种植条件下玉米与单作相比不减产,增收一季豆。与玉米常规种植相比,种植的株行距变化较大,密度增加,玉米品种的株型、耐密性、抗逆性、丰产性等指标成为此项技术应用成功的前提。通过试验,“1.8m带型2+2模式”玉米-大豆带状复合种植玉米品种主推登海605、农科大8号和延科288,搭配种植五单2号、中金368。

283份陆地棉机采相关农艺性状的遗传多样性分析

为了探究283份陆地棉种质资源株型和产量相关性状的遗传多样性,筛选陆地棉机采株型优异品种,对283份来自国内外的陆地棉种质资源的11个农艺性状进行相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析,评价各性状的遗传变异情况,利用转录组数据和KEGG通路富集对果枝长度QTL定位区间基因进行表达量分析和基因筛选。结果表明,在陆地棉11个农艺性状中,遗传多样性指数以始节高最高,为2.01;变异系数以下部果枝长度最高,且各性状之间均存在遗传多样性。聚类分析表明,283份陆地棉资源分为五类,基于棉花株型、棉花产量等表型筛选出了高产材料1份,短果枝材料14份,始节高大于25 cm的材料4份,紧凑株型材料5份,同时在果枝长度QTL区间中筛选出2个可能影响果枝长度的候选基因。

景天科多肉植物品种资源评价体系构建及应用

【目的】构建景天科多肉植物品种资源综合评价体系,筛选适宜福建省栽培的多肉植物品种,为多肉植物科学引种和推广栽培提供科学依据。【方法】基于48个多肉植物品种的园艺性状,采用AHP层次分析法和K-Means聚类分析法,从观赏特性、适应性、潜在应用价值等3个层面构建综合评价体系,并进行品种等级划分。【结果】共确定14个影响多肉植物品种综合评价的关键指标,其中叶色、叶肉质化程度、越夏适应性、形姿和花期等5个因子权重占总排序的61.2%,是多肉综合价值评判的关键因素。K-Means聚类分析将48个品种划分为优、良、中等和一般4个等级,其中乌木、紫乐、阿尔巴佳人、奥普琳娜、丸叶红司、蓝苹果和碧桃等7个品种处于Ⅰ级优秀,爱星等14个品种处于Ⅱ级良好,优良品种占全部品种的43.75%,可重点繁育和推广栽培。【结论】应用AHP层次分析法和K-Means聚类分析法构建的品种资源评价体系可对景天科多肉植物品种进行有效综合评价,从而筛选出观赏特性与适应性兼具的品种。评价结果与试验地观测效果基本一致,该评价体系可为多肉植物科学引种和推广应用提供参考。

耐乙草胺促生菌筛选及其对玉米幼苗的促生效应

分离筛选具有耐乙草胺特性的促生菌株,并对其进行菌种鉴定,可为推进多功能微生物菌剂的研发提供可行性方案和理论依据。本研究利用不同浓度乙草胺的改良培养基筛选出具有高耐乙草胺能力的菌株,测试其在不同培养基条件下的促生作用,并通过促发芽试验和盆栽试验验证可行性。结果表明:菌株JL7与JL16为高耐乙草胺且具有较强促生能力的根际促生菌,两株菌对乙草胺的最大抗性浓度达700 mg·L^(-1)。JL7的溶磷能力高达223.21 mg·L^(-1),产IAA(吲哚乙酸)量达82.40 mg·L^(-1)。经鉴定JL7菌株为肠杆菌属(Enterbacter sp.),JL16菌株为醋菌属(Acetobacter sp.)。促发芽试验结果表明,施入JL7与JL16菌株72 h后发芽率分别较对照提高9.42、3.84个百分点,且JL16菌株对芽长与根长有显著的促生作用,较对照增加52.53%、23.22%。盆栽试验中,JL7与JL16的添加对株高、茎粗、根直径、根长等植株形态指标均表现为促进作用,并证实菌株JL7、JL16在土壤中仍对乙草胺具有耐受性。两种耐乙草胺菌株在促生方面具有显著效果,这为后期微生物改良土壤和开发新型微生物肥料提供了菌种资源和理论基础。

不同品种茶树夏秋季鲜叶的机采适宜性及其藏茶适制性研究

【目的】分析不同茶树品种夏秋季鲜叶对机械采摘的适宜性和机采原料的藏茶适制性,并筛选出适宜机采且适制藏茶的茶树品种,旨在节本增效、提高藏茶产量和品质的目的。【方法】以宜宾地区引进或选育的17个茶树品种为供试材料,进行田间对比试验,测定并比较各茶树品种夏秋季机采鲜叶产量、机采芽叶机械组成、生化成分以及机采鲜叶所制藏茶干茶感官品质的差异。【结果】川茶2号、巴渝特早、蒙山9号、川农黄芽早、川沐28、中茶302和天府红1号机采鲜叶产量显著高于对照福鼎大白茶,其中川茶2号、蒙山9号、川农黄芽早、川沐28和天府红1号机采鲜叶嫩度、整齐度和完整性较好;川沐318、川茶2号、川沐28、巴渝特早和中茶302等品种机采鲜叶主要生化成分含量(水浸出物、氨基酸、茶多酚、可溶性糖和咖啡碱)显著高于对照和其他品种,具有良好的生化品质基础,同时感官审评结果显示川茶2号、巴渝特早、中茶302、川农黄芽早等品种审评总得分≥86分,其中川茶2号茶样滋味带糖香,香气纯正,综合品质最优。而且上述品种一芽五、六叶的氟含量低于150 mg/kg。【结论】综合评价各品种机采鲜叶产量、机械组成、生化成分和藏茶感官品质,川茶2号、中茶302、巴渝特早、川农黄芽早和蒙山9号夏秋季鲜叶适宜机采,而且所制藏茶感官品质佳,因此这5个品种可以在雅安藏茶生产区推广种植。

弛张筛与三产品重介质旋流器分选工艺在选煤厂的应用探讨

针对潘三选煤厂博后筛存在难以达到高效筛分和分级要求的问题,探讨了采用弛张筛和三产品重介质旋流器工艺代替博后筛的几种工艺方案,并利用该厂工艺参数和煤质资料,给出工艺效果的理论值,从整个方案的实施时间、改造难度、产品产率、降灰幅度、系统能力提升等方面进行了详细的对比分析,全面论证了各个方案的优势和弊端,从而为该厂最终工艺改造方案的选择提供了建设性的意见。

荒漠植物根际促生菌的筛选及其对青贮玉米幼苗的促生效应

选取实验室前期分离所得的植物根际促生菌(PGPR),对其进行形成生物膜能力、产铁载体能力、产IAA能力、产ACC脱氨酶能力以及溶磷和解钾能力测定,选取具有促生特性的菌株进行盆栽试验。共筛选出16株具有促生特性的菌株,其中BW2-6、MC35、BW35、HS1-1和SHM2在活体试验中促生效果较优。菌株BW2-6对青贮玉米幼苗的株高、基茎粗、地上部干质量、根鲜质量、根长、根表面积、根体积、相对含水量、比根长和全株鲜质量促生效果最佳,相比对照分别增加了81.00%、54.70%、156.79%、163.27%、107.35%、131.18%、175.12%、44.96%、74.48%和190.69%;菌株SHM2对地上部鲜质量和根干质量促生效果最佳,相比对照分别增加了237.85%和72.96%;菌株BW35对平均叶面积促生效果最佳,约为对照的2.33倍;对照组根冠比均高于处理组,处理组中菌株BW35根冠比最高,相比对照降低了10.18%,菌株BW2-6根冠比最低,相比对照降低了51.93%,不同菌株之间促生效果差异显著。主成分分析结果表明,5株对青贮玉米幼苗生长促进作用较好的菌中以菌株BW2-6促生效果最佳。

无子刺梨内生真菌拮抗活性菌株筛选及分子鉴定

为进一步开发利用无子刺梨枝条和叶片中具有生物防治潜力的内生真菌,以2种木腐菌和4种植物病原真菌为靶标,采用五点对峙法筛选对病原真菌具有拮抗活性的内生真菌菌株,并探讨活性菌株的分类地位。结果显示,菌株RSZF 36、RSZF 39和RSYF 34对2种木腐菌的抑制率均达80%以上,菌株RSZF 34和RSZF 36对4种植物病原真菌的抑制率均大于75%,菌株RSZF 36对6种病原菌的抑制率均高于75%,呈现强抑制能力。84株内生真菌中有12株对6种病原菌抑制率均在70%以上,属于活性菌株,其中9株来自枝条,3株来自叶片。对12株活性菌株进行分子生物学鉴定,将其归属为1门2纲3目3科4属,拟盘多毛孢属(Pestalotiopsis)为优势菌属,占活性菌株的41.67%。综上,无子刺梨内生真菌中广泛分布着抑菌活性菌株,且不同内生菌株对不同病原菌的拮抗能力表现出一定的选择性或专一性。本研究结果可为无子刺梨内生真菌资源的开发利用提供理论参考。

牡丹微型盆栽品种筛选

为筛选适合微型盆栽的牡丹品种,进一步完善其生产技术体系,本研究选择成花率、花朵直径和花态等9个性状指标,对黄冠等33个牡丹品种进行综合评价。结果表明,共筛选出富贵满堂等11个品种在春季露天微型盆栽生产中表现良好,胜葛巾紫等12个品种表现一般;巴茨拉等18个品种在春季日光温室微型盆栽生产中表现较好,胜葛巾紫等6个品种表现一般;紫二乔等10个品种在微型盆栽春节催花生产中表现良好,太阳等11个品种表现一般。本研究通过对微型盆栽牡丹品种的筛选,为牡丹相关品种推广应用和微型盆栽的生产提供参考。

大型振动筛运行状态在线监测系统研究与应用

目前振动筛运行状态主要依靠人工经验判断,现有在线监测方法因测量精度低,难以满足大型振动筛的智能化发展需求。为此,开发了振动筛运行状态在线监测系统,对该系统的构成与主要功能进行了概述;针对传统单轴或普通三轴单方向振动传感器准确性差的技术难题,建立了振动筛虚拟空间三维坐标系,利用运动矢量合成算法重构了筛机监测位点的实际振动方向角与振动强度,克服了传感器安装精度和现场工况条件对结果的影响,实现了筛机振动数据的精准测量;根据温度传感器实时数据获取轴承温升曲线,实现了温度数据的精准感知;通过对异常数据的分析,基于支持向量机建立了振动筛运行异常与预警模型。现场应用表明,在线监测系统实现了振动筛运行状态数字化判识与早期故障预警,显著降低了筛分装备故障率,保障设备高效稳定运行。

大型炼焦煤选煤厂深度筛分技术研究

当前的选煤厂深度筛分一般设定为单向流程,筛分范围受到限制,导致筛分效率下降,为此提出对大型炼焦煤选煤厂深度筛分技术的设计与验证研究。综合实际的筛分需求及标准,设置分级筛分粒度标准,进行筛上筛下标定划归,采用多单组合处理的形式,在合理的范围之内,最大程度扩大筛分范围,制定多单元组合深度分筛流程,采用二次张拉弹性侧筛实现深度筛分处理。测试结果表明:经过三个阶段的测定,最终使得A选煤厂深度筛选的效率得到了极大地提升,可以达到60%以上,其筛选精度也得到了很大的提升,可以达到80%以上,说明该项筛分技术以及结构的实际应用效果更佳,筛分速度较快,误差可控,具有实际的应用价值。

燃煤发电厂输煤筛碎系统改造实践

煤电企业“三改联动”中不应忽视针对公用系统的节能降耗改造。在燃煤发电厂中,输煤系统是整个发电系统中重要的组成部分,具有分布范围广、粉尘较多的特点,输煤系统节能环保改造具有较强的潜力和意义。基于此,对王曲电厂输煤筛碎系统的实际运行现状进行分析,研究改造方案,通过设计研发和应用高度较小的1 000 t/h高效筛碎一体机,完成碎煤系统与煤场封闭气膜隔离,避免气膜压差而导致的粉尘发生,减少了环境污染,避免了车辆二次倒运、二次输送和运输污染,节约了转运费和厂用电,达到节能环保的目的;筛上物不占用煤场面积,提高了煤场利用率;避免了不同煤种混合的筛上物再次进入输煤系统,提高了掺配精度;由单路破碎布置,改为双路破碎直接上煤,提高了设备可靠性。

煤炭6 mm筛分动力学研究

为了探索6 mm分级效率与筛分时间的关系,利用回归分析方法拟合了小于6 mm和大于6 mm粒级动力学模型的参数,进而获得计算筛分效率的公式,并利用标准偏差、相关系数判断模型拟合精度。结果表明:小于6 mm粒级实际与计算正配率的误差较大,最大误差超过10%;大于6 mm粒级实际与计算正配率的误差较小,最大误差小于0.5%;计算筛分效率和实际筛分效率的误差大小主要取决于小于6 mm粒级正配率的误差。

油茶根际促生菌的筛选与促生特性

【目的】筛选油茶根际促生微生物,有助于油茶专用微生物菌肥的研制,为提高茶油品质产量奠定基础。【方法】以油茶根际土壤为研究对象,采用PVK平板检测法、亚历山大平板检测法、CAS平板检测法、JNFB培养基检测法、Salknowski比色法,对从油茶根际土中随机挑取的20株细菌的解磷、解钾、产铁载体、固氮、产吲哚-3-乙酸(IAA)能力进行了检测。采用钼锑抗比色法、火焰分光光度计法对油茶根际菌YC10的解磷能力和解钾能力分别进行了定量测定,采用16S rDNA对菌株YC10进行了分子鉴定。【结果】结果表明:挑取的20株细菌中具有解磷能力的有6株(占30%),具有解钾能力的有6株(占30%),能产嗜铁素的有10株(占50%),具有固氮能力的有7株(占35%),产IAA能力的细菌最多有18株(占90%),同时具备2种或2种以上促生特性的菌株有14株,占总分离菌株数的70%。其中菌株YC10兼具解磷、解钾、产铁载体、产IAA、固氮等多重促生特性,菌株YC10发酵液中有效磷的含量在第60 h时达到最大为68.09μg/mL,解磷率最高为5.44%,菌株YC10发酵液中有效钾的含量在第72 h达到最高为4.43μg/mL,其解钾率最高为31.63%。菌株YC10经16S rDNA分子生物学鉴定为伯克氏菌Burkholderia sp.。【结论】油茶根际存在较多的具有促生特性的细菌,其中菌株YC10兼具解磷、解钾、产铁载体、产IAA、固氮等多重促生特性,具有油茶专用微生物菌肥开发的潜质。