Background:Large-scale afforestation can significantly change the ground cover and soil physicochemical properties,especially the soil fertility maintenance and water conservation functions of artificial forests,which...Background:Large-scale afforestation can significantly change the ground cover and soil physicochemical properties,especially the soil fertility maintenance and water conservation functions of artificial forests,which are very important in semi-arid mountain ecosystems.However,how different tree species affect soil nutrients and soil physicochemical properties after afforestation,and which is the best plantation species for improving soil fertility and water conservation functions remain largely unknown.Methods:This study investigated the soil nutrient contents of three different plantations(Larix principis-rupprechtii,Picea crassifolia,Pinus tabuliformis),soils and plant-soil feedbacks,as well as the interactions between soil physicochemical properties.Results:The results revealed that the leaves and litter layers strongly influenced soil nutrient availability through biogeochemical processes:P.tabuliformis had higher organic carbon,ratio of organic carbon to total nitrogen(C:N)and organic carbon to total phosphorus(C:P)in the leaves and litter layers than L.principis-rupprechtii or P.crassifolia,suggesting that higher C:N and C:P hindered litter decomposition.As a result,the L.principis-rupprechtii and P.crassifolia plantation forests significantly improved soil nutrients and clay components,compared with the P.tabuliformis plantation forest.Furthermore,the L.principis-rupprechtii and P.crassifolia plantation forests significantly improved the soil capacity,soil total porosity,and capillary porosity,decreased soil bulk density,and enhanced water storage capacity,compared with the P.tabuliformis plantation forest.The results of this study showed that,the strong link between plants and soil was tightly coupled to C:N and C:P,and there was a close correlation between soil particle size distribution and soil physicochemical properties.Conclusions:Therefore,our results recommend planting the L.principis-rupprechtii and P.crassifolia as the preferred tree species to enhance the soil fertility and water conservation functions,especially in semi-arid regions mountain forest ecosystems.展开更多
By means of both pot and field tests,this paper studied the contents of Cd,Pb,Cu,Zn and As and their ecological effects on plant-soil system.in tissues of crops and soil microorganisms.It was found that there exist sy...By means of both pot and field tests,this paper studied the contents of Cd,Pb,Cu,Zn and As and their ecological effects on plant-soil system.in tissues of crops and soil microorganisms.It was found that there exist synergistic effect among these five elements,especially for Cd in combination.The reclaniation of soil polluted by these elements in combination is rather difficult to be carried out.The distinctive ecological and chemical behaviors between Cd and As make various reclamation measures less applicable,and thus,further research measures are necessary.展开更多
To determine the potential impacts of exogenous nitrogen(N)enrichment on distribution and transfer of N in Suaeda salsa marsh in the Yellow River Estuary,the variations of N in plant-soil system during the growing sea...To determine the potential impacts of exogenous nitrogen(N)enrichment on distribution and transfer of N in Suaeda salsa marsh in the Yellow River Estuary,the variations of N in plant-soil system during the growing season were investigated by field N addition experiment.The experiment included four treatments:NN(no N input treatment,0gNm^(−2) yr^(−1)),LN(low N input treatment,3.0 gNm^(−2) yr^(−1)),MN(medium N input treatment,6 gNm^(−2) yr^(−1))and HN(high N input treatment,12 gNm^(−2) yr^(−1)).Results showed that N additions generally increased the contents of total nitrogen(TN),ammonia nitrogen(NH_(4)^(+)-N)and nitrate nitrogen(NO_(3)^(−)-N)in different soil layers and the increasing trend was particularly evident in topsoil.Compared with the NN treatment,the average contents of TN in topsoil in the LN,MN and HN treatments during the growing season increased by 10.85%,30.14%and 43.98%,the mean contents of NH_(4)^(+)-N increased by 8.56%,6.96%and 14.34%,and the average contents of NO_(3)^(−)-N increased by 35.73%,45.99%and 46.66%,respectively.Although exogenous N import did not alter the temporal variation patterns of TN contents in organs,the N transfer and accumulation differed among tissues in different treatments.With increasing N import,both the N stocks in soil and plant showed increasing trend and the values in N addition treatments increased by 9.43%–38.22%and 13.40%–62.20%,respectively.It was worth noting that,compared with other treatments,the S.salsa in the MN treatments was very likely to have special response to N enrichment since not only the period of peak growth was prolonged by about 20 days but also the maximum of TN content in leaves was advanced by approximately one month.This paper found that,as N loading reached MN level in future,the growth rhythm of S.salsa and the accumulation and transference of N in its tissues would be altered significantly,which might generate great impact on the stability and health of S.salsa marsh ecosystem.展开更多
选择闽江河口短叶茳芏(Cyperus malaccensis)湿地为研究对象,基于野外氮负荷增强模拟实验,探讨了不同氮负荷水平下(NNT对照处理,0 g N m^(-2)a^(-1);LNT低氮处理,12.5 g N m^(-2)a^(-1);MNT中氮处理,25.0 g N m^(-2)a^(-1);HNT高氮处理,...选择闽江河口短叶茳芏(Cyperus malaccensis)湿地为研究对象,基于野外氮负荷增强模拟实验,探讨了不同氮负荷水平下(NNT对照处理,0 g N m^(-2)a^(-1);LNT低氮处理,12.5 g N m^(-2)a^(-1);MNT中氮处理,25.0 g N m^(-2)a^(-1);HNT高氮处理,75.0 g N m^(-2)a^(-1))湿地植物-土壤系统的氮累积与分配特征。结果表明,不同氮负荷处理下湿地土壤(TN)、NH+4-N和NO-3-N含量均发生了明显改变。相较于NNT,LNT和MNT的TN、NH+4-N和NO-3-N含量均明显增加,增幅分别为9.44%、3.57%、11.99%(LNT)和6.71%、9.37%、46.50%(MNT)。与之不同,HNT的TN含量相比NNT增幅不大,而其NH+4-N、NO-3-N含量均显著降低,降幅分别为9.26%和40.77%。不同氮负荷处理下土壤氮含量的垂直分布特征亦发生了明显变化。除HNT外,LNT和MNT的TN、NH+4-N和NO-3-N含量均以表层土壤最高。不同氮负荷处理下的TN和NH+4-N含量分布主要受SOM的影响,而NO-3-N含量分布主要受植物吸收和垂直淋失的影响。氮负荷增强条件下植物不同器官的TN含量整体表现为叶>茎>根。不同氮负荷处理下植物-土壤系统的氮储量整体以LNT和MNT较高,而HNT最低。研究发现,短叶茳芏在中低氮负荷条件下可能将更多的氮优先分配给根系,进而以拓展地下空间和提高地下生物量的方式来适应环境;而在高氮负荷条件下,其可能通过增强“自疏效应”,并通过拓展地上空间的方式来适应环境。展开更多
基金This work was supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA20100101)a Major Special Science and Technology Project of Gansu Province(18ZD2FA009)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(31522013).
文摘Background:Large-scale afforestation can significantly change the ground cover and soil physicochemical properties,especially the soil fertility maintenance and water conservation functions of artificial forests,which are very important in semi-arid mountain ecosystems.However,how different tree species affect soil nutrients and soil physicochemical properties after afforestation,and which is the best plantation species for improving soil fertility and water conservation functions remain largely unknown.Methods:This study investigated the soil nutrient contents of three different plantations(Larix principis-rupprechtii,Picea crassifolia,Pinus tabuliformis),soils and plant-soil feedbacks,as well as the interactions between soil physicochemical properties.Results:The results revealed that the leaves and litter layers strongly influenced soil nutrient availability through biogeochemical processes:P.tabuliformis had higher organic carbon,ratio of organic carbon to total nitrogen(C:N)and organic carbon to total phosphorus(C:P)in the leaves and litter layers than L.principis-rupprechtii or P.crassifolia,suggesting that higher C:N and C:P hindered litter decomposition.As a result,the L.principis-rupprechtii and P.crassifolia plantation forests significantly improved soil nutrients and clay components,compared with the P.tabuliformis plantation forest.Furthermore,the L.principis-rupprechtii and P.crassifolia plantation forests significantly improved the soil capacity,soil total porosity,and capillary porosity,decreased soil bulk density,and enhanced water storage capacity,compared with the P.tabuliformis plantation forest.The results of this study showed that,the strong link between plants and soil was tightly coupled to C:N and C:P,and there was a close correlation between soil particle size distribution and soil physicochemical properties.Conclusions:Therefore,our results recommend planting the L.principis-rupprechtii and P.crassifolia as the preferred tree species to enhance the soil fertility and water conservation functions,especially in semi-arid regions mountain forest ecosystems.
文摘By means of both pot and field tests,this paper studied the contents of Cd,Pb,Cu,Zn and As and their ecological effects on plant-soil system.in tissues of crops and soil microorganisms.It was found that there exist synergistic effect among these five elements,especially for Cd in combination.The reclaniation of soil polluted by these elements in combination is rather difficult to be carried out.The distinctive ecological and chemical behaviors between Cd and As make various reclamation measures less applicable,and thus,further research measures are necessary.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41371104,41971128)the Award Program for Min River Scholar in Fujian Province(No.Min[2015]31).
文摘To determine the potential impacts of exogenous nitrogen(N)enrichment on distribution and transfer of N in Suaeda salsa marsh in the Yellow River Estuary,the variations of N in plant-soil system during the growing season were investigated by field N addition experiment.The experiment included four treatments:NN(no N input treatment,0gNm^(−2) yr^(−1)),LN(low N input treatment,3.0 gNm^(−2) yr^(−1)),MN(medium N input treatment,6 gNm^(−2) yr^(−1))and HN(high N input treatment,12 gNm^(−2) yr^(−1)).Results showed that N additions generally increased the contents of total nitrogen(TN),ammonia nitrogen(NH_(4)^(+)-N)and nitrate nitrogen(NO_(3)^(−)-N)in different soil layers and the increasing trend was particularly evident in topsoil.Compared with the NN treatment,the average contents of TN in topsoil in the LN,MN and HN treatments during the growing season increased by 10.85%,30.14%and 43.98%,the mean contents of NH_(4)^(+)-N increased by 8.56%,6.96%and 14.34%,and the average contents of NO_(3)^(−)-N increased by 35.73%,45.99%and 46.66%,respectively.Although exogenous N import did not alter the temporal variation patterns of TN contents in organs,the N transfer and accumulation differed among tissues in different treatments.With increasing N import,both the N stocks in soil and plant showed increasing trend and the values in N addition treatments increased by 9.43%–38.22%and 13.40%–62.20%,respectively.It was worth noting that,compared with other treatments,the S.salsa in the MN treatments was very likely to have special response to N enrichment since not only the period of peak growth was prolonged by about 20 days but also the maximum of TN content in leaves was advanced by approximately one month.This paper found that,as N loading reached MN level in future,the growth rhythm of S.salsa and the accumulation and transference of N in its tissues would be altered significantly,which might generate great impact on the stability and health of S.salsa marsh ecosystem.
文摘选择闽江河口短叶茳芏(Cyperus malaccensis)湿地为研究对象,基于野外氮负荷增强模拟实验,探讨了不同氮负荷水平下(NNT对照处理,0 g N m^(-2)a^(-1);LNT低氮处理,12.5 g N m^(-2)a^(-1);MNT中氮处理,25.0 g N m^(-2)a^(-1);HNT高氮处理,75.0 g N m^(-2)a^(-1))湿地植物-土壤系统的氮累积与分配特征。结果表明,不同氮负荷处理下湿地土壤(TN)、NH+4-N和NO-3-N含量均发生了明显改变。相较于NNT,LNT和MNT的TN、NH+4-N和NO-3-N含量均明显增加,增幅分别为9.44%、3.57%、11.99%(LNT)和6.71%、9.37%、46.50%(MNT)。与之不同,HNT的TN含量相比NNT增幅不大,而其NH+4-N、NO-3-N含量均显著降低,降幅分别为9.26%和40.77%。不同氮负荷处理下土壤氮含量的垂直分布特征亦发生了明显变化。除HNT外,LNT和MNT的TN、NH+4-N和NO-3-N含量均以表层土壤最高。不同氮负荷处理下的TN和NH+4-N含量分布主要受SOM的影响,而NO-3-N含量分布主要受植物吸收和垂直淋失的影响。氮负荷增强条件下植物不同器官的TN含量整体表现为叶>茎>根。不同氮负荷处理下植物-土壤系统的氮储量整体以LNT和MNT较高,而HNT最低。研究发现,短叶茳芏在中低氮负荷条件下可能将更多的氮优先分配给根系,进而以拓展地下空间和提高地下生物量的方式来适应环境;而在高氮负荷条件下,其可能通过增强“自疏效应”,并通过拓展地上空间的方式来适应环境。
