Development of 2BZJ-3/4 Precision Planter for Soybean Narrow-row flatdense Planting Method

Based on the study on cultivation models of soybean narrow-row-flat-dense planting under the conditions of different between-row spacing and inter-plant spacing by using the comparison field experiment, and technical studies of the contour following the seeder unit, the anti-block, the lateral and stratified the deep fertilizing, according to the design ideas of planting units integration and variable between-row spacing from 30 to 45 cm, the 2BZJ-3/4 precision planter matched with 18-32 hp tractors has been developed for the popularization of the narrow-row-flat-dense planting soybean technique by means of Virtual Prototyping （VP） technology.

Design of motor-driven precision seed-metering device with improved fuzzy PID controller for small peanut planters

Traditional passive ground wheel drive of peanut planters has displayed poor high-speed seeding performance and the slippage caused in case of sticky and wet soil.Given this,an integrated electric-driven precision seed metering device and controller were designed,which features the application of improved fuzzy PID algorithm.Based on a small peanut planter with one ridge width and duplicate rows,the servo motor drive is used to replace the traditional passive ground wheel.In addition,the satellite speed measurement is employed to complete the electric driving and controlling modification of the seed meter and precise seeding control.A working process mathematical model for the peanut metering device was established to conduct motor speed and field tests which aim at comparing performances between the conventional and the improved fuzzy PID controls.The motor speed trial shows that the average error of the actual speed of the improved fuzzy PID motor was±1 rad/min,and the coefficient of variation was less than 1%.Against the conventional one,it can better suppress overshoot and improve the response speed.The stable output speed can still be obtained even in case of step changes.Field tests show that when working at medium and low speeds,the qualified rate of plant spacing was greater than 98%,and the rate of missed sowing is<2%;while working at high speed,the qualified rate was greater than 94%,and the rate of missed sowing was less than 4%.The average plant spacing qualification rate of the seed device increased by 6.72%;compared with other electric-driven peanut seed meters,the plant spacing qualification rate increased by 4%during high-speed sowing.In summary,this study has provided an effective technical reference for high-speed precision planting of peanuts.

Design and experiment of the pneumatic pressure control device for no-till planter

An adequate and uniform press wheel pressure is crucial for the homogeneous development of a crop,as it affects actual seeding depth and germination rate.The problems of uneven compaction of seed furrow and consistency of seeding depth can be caused by the pressure fluctuation of the coil-spring pressure control device(CPCD)when the no-till planter is working on the unplowed ground.In this study,a pneumatic pressure control device(PPCD)was designed for the no-till planter,the key structural parameters of air spring for press wheel pressure(PWP)stability were determined by theoretical analysis and parameter calculation.Using the gas-structure coupling finite element simulation method(FESM),the piston radius,piston angle,and cord angle of the air spring are selected as the test factors,and the vertical stiffness was used as the test index to carry out the quadratic rotation orthogonal combination test to establish the regression model of test index and factor.The bench test of the PPCD was carried out under the optimal parameter combination,piston radius of 27.2 mm,piston angle of 11.7°,and cord angle of 30.0°.The vertical stiffness verification test showed that the simulation test was consistent with the bench test result,the vertical stiffness simulation error was 7.1%,and the internal air pressure simulation error was 3.0%;The control response test showed that the average response time of the air spring inflating and deflating was 0.80 s,the maximum overshoot was 4.33%during inflation,and no pressure overshoot during deflation;Under the condition of-40-40 mm surface relief height,the PPCD could effectively reduce the pressure fluctuation compared with the CPCD,and the average reduction of the pressure fluctuation was about 25.1%.

小区播种机锥体投种器分种均匀性的试验研究

为了提高小区播种机锥体分种器分种均匀性和自动化水平,解决传统小区播种机作业时分种不均匀、人工投种作业强度大、投种器水平度难以持续稳定调节等问题,设计了一种基于现有手动调节水平的自动调平投种装置。首先,为确保投种器分种均匀性与作业的稳定性,对投种器的结构进行设计;然后,对种子的落种过程进行理论分析,确定了关键部件结构;最后,利用SPSS25.0软件设计三因素三水平试验,分析了影响投种器分种均匀性的主要因素,结果表明:各因素对投种器分种均匀性影响程度的主次顺序为锥体角度、导种管直径、漏斗口直径。最优参数条件下分种时,投种器分种均匀性较好,能够满足小区播种机投种器分种作业的需求。研究结果可为小区播种机分种均匀性问题的深入研究提供参考。

甘蔗健康种苗双芽段槽带式种植机排种性能优化研究

甘蔗健康种苗种植技术是提高单产水平和品质、降低生产成本的有效措施之一,而目前国内甘蔗种植装备不成熟,直接限制了这一技术的推广和应用。为此,以有序排列的甘蔗健康种苗双芽段蔗种为研究对象,对团队研发的2CZD-2A型半自动双芽甘蔗种植机排种性能进行优化,设计了高频电磁振动自动喂入器与仿形排种同步驱动器。利用Solid Edge ST5三维软件建模进行仿真分析,建立试验台进行多因素正交组合试验,采集数据并利用SPSS进行处理建立回归方程,运用Design Expert绘制响应曲面,分析因素之间交互作用,利用MatLab进行参数优化,最终进行田间试验验证。研究结果表明:同步驱动机构增加了排种均匀度,当带轮转速为10r/s、振动幅度为18.5mm、行进速度为0.65m/s时,排种均匀度达到94.18%,与优化结果偏差小于5%,满足设计要求;高频振动与动力源振动无干涉,验证了振动器梳理方案的可行性,可为全自动种植机的研发提供参考。

Study on multi-size seed-metering device for vertical plate soybean precision planter

Aiming to solve the problem of small range of the appropriately sowing seeds existing in a vertical disc seed-metering device,the planter plate series with four sizes were developed according to the variety and size distribution of all soybeans in China.The structure and working principle of the vertical disc soybean seed-metering device were detailed,and the influence of the diameter of soybean on the working performance of the seed-metering device was analyzed through the software EDEM virtual simulation,so as to achieve the goal of covering the soybean seeds with all sizes by the minimum planter plate series as well as to obtain the most appropriate operating speed of each planter plate by optimization.For the planter plates with the hole diameter of 7,9,12,16 mm,the appropriate size ranges of sowing seeds are 4.5-6.0,6.0-8.0,8.0-10.5,10.5-13.0 mm,respectively,and the appropriate operating speeds are 9,8,7,6 km/h,respectively.The results show that this planter plate series can meet the requirements of seeding with all sizes of soybeans at the range of the most appropriate operating speed.The study method can provide a reference for design and optimization of precision planters.

Design of depth-control planting unit with single-side gauge wheel for no-till maize precision planter

No-till planters are very popular for maize seeding in fields covered with residue in annual wheat-maize double cropping system in North China Plain.However,there is no suitable depth control mechanism for existing no-till maize planters,and as a result,it is hard to obtain consistent planting depth,uniform emergence,and good passing ability at the same time.For the above reasons,a proper planting unit with a new type of depth-control mechanism was developed in this study.The mechanism consists of a single-side gauge wheel,a parallel four-bar linkage,a pair of double-disc opener,a V-shape press wheel and a depth regulator,which can adjust the planting depth from 30 mm to 90 mm to satisfy the agronomic requirement under different field conditions.Based on analysis and calculation,the width of gauge wheel was set to 50 mm while the length of parallel four-bar linkage was set to 350 mm.Field experiment was conducted and the results indicated that the newly designed planting unit with single-side gauge wheel performed well with regard to planting depth uniformity and anti-blocking ability.The planting depth uniformity and seed spacing quality were 95.45%and 91.90%,respectively,when the average height of stubble was 22.5 cm and residue amount was 0.64 kg/m^(2)in the field.It can satisfy the requirement of no-till maize planting on the cropland with residue and stubble in North China Plain.

基于数学建模方法的精量播种机设计分析

基于数学建模原理,对气吸式谷物精量播种机关键功能装置进行分析,以解决播种机作业过程中存在的问题,并设计了一种谷物精量播种机。田间试验数据表明:精量播种机作业测试株距合格率均值为87.67%,空穴率均值为4.89%,株距变异系数均值为23.89%,各项指标可以满足谷物精量播种相关农艺要求。

多重扰动清种式大蒜单粒取种排种器设计与试验

针对勺链式大蒜播种机取种过程中常出现的漏种、重种问题,设计了一种多重扰动清种式大蒜单粒取种排种器。取种勺在充种阶段获取多粒蒜种,经多重扰动清种,最终取种勺内仅余1粒蒜种。本文以金乡蒜种为研究对象,阐述了排种器的工作原理,确定了排种器的各项参数和多重扰动装置的最佳安装位置。通过DEM-MBD耦合仿真试验,分析了倾斜角、取种勺线速度对充种成功率的影响,以及凹槽形状对单粒取种率的影响。运用Box-Behnken中心组合试验方法,以第2弧形突出部分坡度、倾斜角、取种勺线速度为试验因素,以单粒取种率和漏种率作为评价指标,开展了三因素三水平正交试验。利用Design-Expert 8.0.6数据分析软件,分析了各因素对单粒取种率与漏种率的影响,对试验因素进行优化,确定了多重扰动装置最佳结构参数。设计试验台对仿真结果进行验证,倾斜角、取种勺线速度分别为15°、0.07 m/s的条件下,通过调节多重扰动装置与取种勺凹槽顶端距离适配不同级别蒜种,当Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级蒜种距离分别为0、6.1、12.1 mm时,单粒取种成功率分别为92.2%、97.2%、95.6%,具有良好的取种性能。

高速精量播种机阿基米德螺线型弧面双齿盘覆土装置设计与试验

针对现有重型精量播种机在高速作业时存在覆土装置影响播种均匀性、种沟内种子被“架空”等问题,基于阿基米德螺线切刃曲线与挤压式覆土原理相结合的思路,设计了一种阿基米德螺线型弧面双齿盘覆土装置,实现了覆土厚度适宜且均匀一致,降低覆土作业对播种均匀性影响的目的。本研究对覆土装置的结构参数、覆土量进行分析,确定了影响覆土效果的主要参数取值范围;利用EDEM离散元仿真技术建立了覆土装置-种子-土壤间的离散元模型,对关键参数进行仿真优化,确定弧面双齿盘的最优参数组合;通过田间试验对该装置的作业性能进行了验证。研究结果表明:影响弧面双齿盘作业性能的主要结构参数为阿基米德螺线型弧面双齿盘的中心间距、安装倾角、入土深度。当弧面双齿盘的中心间距为142.6mm、安装倾角为20°、入土深度为55mm时,该装置通过性能良好,覆土厚度均匀一致,平均厚度为47mm,合格粒距标准差、变异系数与空白对照组分别相差0.22mm、1.81个百分点,对播种均匀性影响小,满足精量播种的农艺要求。

新型旋耕开沟施肥播种机的设计与研究

针对播种施肥难的问题,结合垄作区作物种植的农艺要求,设计了一款新型旋耕开沟施肥播种机。机具适用于小麦、大豆和玉米垄上栽培技术,可实现精确深施肥、精密播种、开沟、覆土和镇压等作业,为小麦、大豆和玉米的规模化、机械化作业提供了一定的技术支撑。试验结果表明:设计的新型旋耕开沟施肥播种机对降低漏播、提高播种深度和植株距离的合格率具有重要意义,大大提高了作业质量和效率。

甘蔗横向种植机补种装置辊耙结构仿真分析

针对甘蔗横向种植机在种植过程中出现的漏播问题进行了研究,设计了一套补种装置。通过ADAMS软件对装置中的补种辊耙进行顺逆时针等两种运动形式的虚拟仿真分析,分别得出齿式、整叶式与窝轮式等3种辊耙结构所受的力和扭矩等因素。仿真结果表明:在相同条件下,补种辊耙的逆时针转动方式更优于顺时针转动方式;窝轮式补种装置进行逆时针运动时,其力约为10N,力矩约为2N·m。由于窝轮式补种装置的力、力矩小于齿式补种装置与整叶式补种装置,因此其结构最优,补种性能最好。研究结果可为后续甘蔗横向种植机精准种植的研究与开发提供了一定的理论依据。

基于模糊控制技术的播种机自动定位导航系统研究

介绍了播种机自动定位导航系统总体设计,并基于播种机位置和观测角度,建立了定位导航和路径预测的数学模型。采用模糊控制技术,结合播种机和观测角度,设计了自适应模糊控制策略,可以实现播种机转向的精准控制。试验结果表明:系统相比传统PID控制方法,偏差小太多,说明本文方法能够获得较高的播种机定位导航精度,证明了系统的有效性和可行性。

甘蔗种植机供种与播种系统联调试验研究

为实现甘蔗种植机的供种系统与播种系统的联调工作,设计了一种倒三角状的集蔗箱并优化其参数,使蔗种从供种系统到播种系统过程中不乱序、不卡蔗、不堵塞。通过对蔗种在集蔗箱中的运动分析和EDEM运动仿真,探究了蔗种的运动机理和影响蔗种落种有序的因素。通过单因素试验和正交试验,研究了落种高度、导蔗板倾斜角和集蔗量对蔗种有序率和充种率的影响,结果表明:落种高度和集蔗量对落种有序率有着极显著影响,导蔗板倾角对落种有序率有着显著影响;对蔗种充种率,落种高度有着极显著影响,集蔗量影响显著,导蔗板倾斜角影响不显著。综合考虑后,最佳因素组合为:落种高度为200mm,导蔗板倾斜角为45°,集蔗量为25根。

数学偏微分控制下的精量播种机系统优化分析

为进一步提升我国精量播种机的综合作业效率,提出以数学偏微分方程控制理念为切入点的方法,针对其作业系统展开性能优化研究。通过科学搭建用于实现精准播种的数学偏微分控制模型,以排种、播种、状态监测为主程序设计软件控制架构,以系统主控装置、导种部件、开沟装置为主优化硬件执行结构,形成完整合理的偏微分控制精量播种机。试验结果表明:数学偏微分方程控制下的精量播种机各项评定参数得到显著提升,播种精度与系统稳定度分别提高了7.95%和6.90%,种子破损率可控制在0.50%以下,整机作业效率提升至94.73%,作业效果良好。研究结果将数学控制模型思维与系统设计思维相结合,具有较好的推广应用前景。

2BFGK-12型稻茬麦集秸旋耕施肥播种机设计与试验

针对长江中下游稻麦轮作区小麦播种作业时,存在抢季节耕种农机配套性差、土壤黏重以及秸秆还田难等问题,创制“稻茬麦秸秆行间集覆还田宽窄行种植”技术模式,此模式具有行间集秸、条带旋耕、集中施肥、洁区播种以及对行镇压等技术特征,通过建立秸秆行间集覆运动的力学模型,设计绞龙式秸秆行间集秸装置、开沟旋耕一体式装置、集中施肥装置、浮动覆土板以及对行镇压器等关键部件,研制一种稻茬麦洁区旋耕施肥播种机。田间试验结果表明,秸秆行间集覆还田与宽窄行种植结合有效提高稻茬麦种床整地质量,洁区洁净度87.69%,小麦窄行平均行距为148 mm,宽行行距平均为304 mm,行距变异系数为5.36%,平均播深为33 mm,播深合格率为95.76%,晾籽率为0.98%,碎土率为86.01%。施肥方式为耕前集中施肥,平均施肥深度为65 mm,施肥深度合格率为94.63%,均满足国家标准。厢沟平均深度为175 mm,沟面宽度为198 mm,满足排水要求。试验田实际产量为8 059.2 kg/hm^(2),高出平均产量20%以上,油耗较对比机型降低31.24%。为稻茬麦绿色低碳保护性耕作技术模式提供农机支撑,促进农机农艺高效快速融合。

油豆角穴播器的设计与试验

针对油豆角穴播器作业过程中容易出现鸭嘴撕膜、挑膜造成的“连筋”现象,导致播种质量差、地膜漏风、播种合格率不高等问题,设计了一种油豆角鸭嘴式穴播器,并确定了穴播器的内部结构、工作原理和关键技术参数。利用EDEM软件进行单因素仿真试验,确定影响排种合格率的相关因素;以穴播器转速、种层高度和毛刷轮与排种轮线速比为试验因素,以穴播器排种的合格率、漏播率、重播率为试验指标,进行二次回归正交旋转组合试验,并对试验结果进行参数优化;进行穴播器台架性能试验,验证仿真结果可靠性。试验表明:当穴播器转速为34.7r/min、毛刷轮与排种轮线速比为1.4、种层高度为180mm时,穴播器排种的合格率为98.2%,漏播率为0.64%,重播率为0.94%。研究结果可为油豆角穴播器播种性能研究及提高油豆角播种机作业质量提供参考。

切抛组合式小麦宽幅沟播破茬清秸防堵装置设计与试验

针对西北地区玉米秸茬覆盖地小麦免少耕宽幅沟播时,由于玉米根茬阻碍秸秆流动导致的秸茬聚集壅堵、土壤扰动大、种带清洁率低、播种质量差等问题,提出先被动切割、后主动抛撒的种带清理方法。设计了一种切抛组合式破茬清秸防堵装置,通过纵向布置的倾斜缺口圆盘与旋抛装置配合作业对种带残茬与秸秆进行清理。适配防堵装置设计了分流式开沟器,实现行距稳定的一沟两行播种。分析确定了缺口圆盘倾角与偏角参数;依据滑切理论设计计算了平直旋刀与侧倾旋刀刃线结构参数;建立MBD-DEM联合仿真平台并采用正交旋转组合试验方法,以种带清洁率、秸茬粘结键破碎率与土壤扰动宽度为指标进行旋抛装置关键参数优化仿真试验。基于仿真结果建立各指标回归模型并通过响应面分析与多目标优化得出,当侧倾旋刀倾角为20°、回转速度为310 r/min时,防堵装置种带清洁率达到96.9%,秸茬粘结键破碎率为26.9%,土壤扰动宽度为139 mm。在玉米秸茬覆盖地进行小麦播种试验,结果表明切抛组合式小麦宽幅沟播破茬清秸防堵装置通过性良好,种床清洁率为90.1%,破茬率为96.2%,土壤扰动宽度为127 mm,土壤扰动量为6.9%,整机作业质量稳定且播种后小麦出苗均匀,满足宽幅沟播小麦免耕播种农艺要求。

基于联合收获机平台的覆秸式油菜联合播种机研制

针对长江中下游稻油轮作区水稻收获后留茬高、传统旋耕装置秸秆还田能力不足导致油菜成苗率不高等问题,该研究设计了一种基于联合收获机平台的覆秸式油菜联合播种机。为提高机具通过性,结合曲柄滑块机构运动原理,根据运动学分析对悬挂装置结构进行改进,增大后悬挂装置离地间隙;为实现秸秆覆盖还田,基于联合收获机脱粒装置结构特点增设秸秆粉碎侧抛装置,对秸秆粉碎和抛送过程开展动力学和运动学分析,确定了秸秆粉碎和铺放质量的影响因素。以机具前进速度、发动机动力输出转速为试验因素,以碎土率、厢面平整度、秸秆粉碎合格率和秸秆铺放均匀性为试验指标,开展单因素试验与二因素三水平中心复合试验,得到各因素对试验指标的影响规律及响应面模型。试验结果表明,前进速度和发动机动力输出转速对种床质量及秸秆粉碎铺放效果均影响显著(P<0.05),在前进速度2.89 km/h、发动机动力输出转速2210 r/min时碎土率为85.65%,厢面平整度为20.06 mm,秸秆粉碎合格率为90.31%,秸秆铺放均匀性为89.33%,机具作业效果较优。对优化后的作业参数进行圆整并开展验证试验,结果表明,在前进速度3 km/h、发动机动力输出转速2200 r/min时,碎土率为85.69%,厢面平整度为21.32 mm,秸秆粉碎合格率为89.35%,秸秆铺放均匀性为88.07%,与理论值的偏差分别为0.04个百分点、1.26 mm、0.96和1.26个百分点。研究结果可为油菜机械化播种和一机多用提供新思路。

播种机星齿球面盘式覆土装置设计与试验

针对V型挤压式覆土装置在黏土条件下作业不可靠,种沟闭合不严实,易造成种子“架空”和“晾种”的生产实际问题,设计一种星齿球面盘式覆土装置,提高播种机覆土质量。分析了星齿球面盘式覆土装置的作业原理,通过对覆土作业过程中土壤颗粒的运动学分析,确定了影响覆土作业质量的主要结构参数,并对星齿球面覆土盘主要结构参数和安装参数进行了设计。借助EDEM离散元仿真技术,建立了土壤与覆土装置的互作模型,以星齿球面覆土盘安装倾角、安装间距、入土深度为试验因素,以覆土量与覆土量变异系数为评价指标,分别进行了单因素与Box-Behnken试验,确定了星齿球面覆土盘的最优结构参数组合为安装倾角25.03°、安装间距196.66 mm、入土深度77.65 mm。取安装倾角25°、安装间距197 mm、入土深度77 mm进行了田间验证试验,试验结果表明:最优参数组合下,覆土量平均值为241.46 g,与仿真结果基本一致,相对误差为5.12%,覆土量变异系数为3.71%,覆土均匀,作业质量好,覆土作业后种子播深满足农艺要求,星齿球面盘式覆土装置能有效改善播种机的覆土性能。