Watermelon is an L-citrulline-rich fruit that has been used as a supplement to increase L-arginine in plasma,which in turn plays a critical role in the synthesis of nitric oxide,a molecule that regulates vascular tone...Watermelon is an L-citrulline-rich fruit that has been used as a supplement to increase L-arginine in plasma,which in turn plays a critical role in the synthesis of nitric oxide,a molecule that regulates vascular tone.Watermelon rind,similar to its pulp,presents a high L-citrulline content,yet a lower concentration of sugar,which would be more convenient for individuals who need to refrain from excessive sugar ingestion(i.e.,diabetics and obese individuals).Further,ingestion of watermelon rind can be a sustainable alternative to increase plasma L-arginine,given that rind of fruits is commonly discarded.Therefore,we evaluated the effect of ingestion of a product derived from watermelon rind and pulp(microencapsulation in spray drier)on plasma amino acids(L-citrulline,L-arginine and L-ornithine),glucose,and insulin.Eleven participants(28.36±5.70 years)were enrolled in a single blind,cross-over and randomized study.They ingested microencapsulated watermelon rind and pulp(containing 4 g of L-citrulline)plasma amino acids,glucose,and insulin were evaluated before and 30,60,90 and 120 min after ingestion.It was observed that both microencapsulated watermelon rind and pulp increased L-citrulline through 120 min and microencapsulated watermelon rind significantly increased L-arginine at 30 min.In addition,microencapsulated watermelon rind and pulp similarly increased plasma glucose and insulin levels.In conclusion,these findings suggest that both microencapsulated watermelon rind and pulp are effective to increase plasma L-citrulline and microencapsulated watermelon rind effectively increases plasma L-arginine.In addition,rind and pulp promote similar changes on plasma glucose and insulin.展开更多
In order to know the practical value of heat stress protein 70 (HSP70) and to know the changes of plasma free amino acids of workers with the induction of HSP70 by harmful factors, the amino acid composition of major ...In order to know the practical value of heat stress protein 70 (HSP70) and to know the changes of plasma free amino acids of workers with the induction of HSP70 by harmful factors, the amino acid composition of major HSP, HSP70 purified from the heated cultured human leukemia cancer cell line K562, rabbit liver, rat liver and heart, and mouse liver with two-step procedures of DE52-cel-lulose ion exchange chromatography and affinity chromatography on ATP-agarose was examined. The level of plasma free amino acids of workers with long-term exposure to heat, carbon monoxide and the combined effect of both heat and carbon monoxide was also investigated. The results showed that the three richest amino acids in HSP70 of all origins were Gly, Glu and Asp, except that of rat heart which was rich in Gly, Phe and Glu. Additionally, Lys, Val, Leu and Ala were also found very rich in HSP70 of all origins. Compared with controls, the most of plasma free amino acids tended to increase and free methionine and trypto-phan were increased significantly (P<0. 05) after a long-term exposure to heat, carbon monoxide, and both. These findings suggested that further studies need to be done to find the substances or drugs which induce the synthesis of HSP70 and reduce the inhibition of synthesis of normal proteins for the purpose of protecting people with exposure to harmful factors against the damage of the factors.展开更多
The effects of the ingestion of corn peptides with a low molecular weight(LMCP) prepared from zein on some plasma free amino acid concentrations in rats that had taken ethanol were investigated. LMCP(1 0 g/kg bod...The effects of the ingestion of corn peptides with a low molecular weight(LMCP) prepared from zein on some plasma free amino acid concentrations in rats that had taken ethanol were investigated. LMCP(1 0 g/kg body weight) in 15% ethanol(10 mL/kg body weight) was given to Wister rats by intragastrical administration. The amino acid analysis showed that the concentrations of alanine, leucine, and proline in the plasma reached their maximum levels at 30 min for the LMCP-intake group. They are 582.39, 99.60 and 272.51 μg/L , respectively. But in the control group, the plasma free amino acid levels were not changed obviously. Therefore, LMCP could cause an increase in concentration of some free amino acids such as alanine, leucine and proline etc . in plasma of the rats that have taken ethanol.展开更多
Alfalfa protein breakdown was to soluble NPN of oligopeptide-N, AA-N, amide-N, amine-N and NH3-N. Acidity (pH) and moisture (Aw) are critical in determining extent of fermentation and changes in composition. Further c...Alfalfa protein breakdown was to soluble NPN of oligopeptide-N, AA-N, amide-N, amine-N and NH3-N. Acidity (pH) and moisture (Aw) are critical in determining extent of fermentation and changes in composition. Further changes in digestive flows and post-prandial plasma AA are indicators of protein status. Dual-purpose cropping and tree plant cropping was with ensiling management of the undergrowth. On-farm field-drying and probiotic additives are promising. It is suggested acidity with propionic acid and microbial inoculants together with field-drying and chop length are required to optimize profile qualities in silage. It is proposed use of denaturing with acid and dust cropping with a hypothetical PNA-Auxin repressor to plant protease. Further study with field-drying to follow is needed. Feeding HIS, ARG and LEU AA supplement to change GRH and GH profiles could be used to promote LBM in production. Dual-purpose cropping can expand subsistence to mixed farming with expanded livestock products and services and resources. PNA-Auxin and PNA-ARF penetrates the plant shoot tips to deliver a TF mRNA to boost proteins in residual cell tissues. Ensiled % AA-N delivery per os to per duodenum was higher;yet total AA-N flow was higher in the control. It is suggested that “bulk” flow was less but with a “tighter” conversion on TAA. FAA was 145% higher in the ensiled versus the fresh control indicating the ENU with less PFAA supplied. FAA on the ensiled diet is high inferred to be more soluble and escape lower from the rumen. WSC are less supplied in fermented forage with VFA being lower and presenting the question whether WSC should be supplied for energy and also with EFE through breaking down of polymers of lignocellulose. It was surmised, although not known, that higher dilution rate (% hr<sup>-1</sup>) was true on the fresh diet compared to the ensiled although end-products may initially detract with feed but that further digestion in the fresh feed may be higher with intake. Plasma AA before and after absorption or feeding are indicators of synthesis and breakdown. No data was available on N status;protein nutrition on neat silage was probably due to net efflux of AA with mobilization before influx with feeding and subsequent insulin action for uptake. Estuarine aquatic plant spp., water hyacinth used in the Philippines and duckweed studies in Australia, and post-harvest treatment with chemical additives and anti-microbial agents to help control potential transfer of diseases. “Greens” as supplements has yet to be established for anti-microbial properties for animal health and welfare. In conclusion, alfalfa silage fed at standard 0.6 cm particle size and wilted led to dramatic changes with AA breakdown, dramatic changes in duodenal AA flows from escape and recapture into microbial cells. Also N status of animals was compromised by lack of adequate “stores”, mobilized, resulting in a net decrease in total plasma AA with insulin-dependent uptake to tissue.展开更多
目的分析血浆氨基酸水平对AECOPD患者细菌感染与非细菌感染鉴别价值。方法选择2018年2月~2019年在医院接受治疗的AECOPD患者78例(观察组)及同期健康体检者78例(对照组)进行研究。所有受试者抽取空腹外周静脉血2 ml,检测体内8种必须氨基...目的分析血浆氨基酸水平对AECOPD患者细菌感染与非细菌感染鉴别价值。方法选择2018年2月~2019年在医院接受治疗的AECOPD患者78例(观察组)及同期健康体检者78例(对照组)进行研究。所有受试者抽取空腹外周静脉血2 ml,检测体内8种必须氨基酸与8种非必须氨基酸水平。观察组以痰培养结果分为感染组42例及非感染组36例。比较不同感染类型患者各氨基酸水平,并以ROC分析判断不同感染类型间具显著性差异的氨基酸对AECOPD患者细菌感染与非细菌感染的鉴别价值。结果两组调查对象苏氨酸、天冬酰胺、瓜氨酸、谷氨酰胺、组氨酸、蛋氨酸与丝氨酸水平差异均具有统计学意义(t=3.429、2.675、9.436、9.911、5.361、8.808、5.319,P<0.05)。细菌感染组患者苏氨酸、天冬酰胺、瓜氨酸、谷氨酰胺、组氨酸、蛋氨酸与丝氨酸水平均显著高于非细菌感染组(t=19.365、2.532、6.506、4.844、7.190、4.662、5.085,P<0.05)。ROC分析结果显示除天冬酰胺及蛋氨酸对AECOPD患者细菌感染与非细菌感染鉴别价值不具有统计学意义[曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)]=0.528、0.506,(P>0.05)外,苏氨酸、谷氨酰胺、瓜氨酸、组氨酸及丝氨酸对AECOPD患者细菌感染与非细菌感染鉴别均具有统计学意义且联合诊断可明显提高诊断效能(AUC=0.903、0.883、0.806、0.900、0.759、0.956,P<0.05)。结论苏氨酸、谷氨酰胺、瓜氨酸、组氨酸及丝氨酸可用于AECOPD患者细菌感染与非细菌感染的鉴别,且联合检测可提高诊断效能。展开更多
基金This work was supported by the Fundaç˜ao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro-FAPERJ(E-26/010.100981/2018 and SEI-260003/001179/2020)MV-S and GVO acknowledge the financial support provided by CAPES(Brazil)and FAPERJ(E-26/200.021/2020)+1 种基金respectively.Dr.Thiago S.Alvares was supported by FAPERJ Young Scientist Grant Program(E-26/202.905/2019)by National Council for Scientific and Technological Development-CNPq research productivity scholarship(304189/2020-0).
文摘Watermelon is an L-citrulline-rich fruit that has been used as a supplement to increase L-arginine in plasma,which in turn plays a critical role in the synthesis of nitric oxide,a molecule that regulates vascular tone.Watermelon rind,similar to its pulp,presents a high L-citrulline content,yet a lower concentration of sugar,which would be more convenient for individuals who need to refrain from excessive sugar ingestion(i.e.,diabetics and obese individuals).Further,ingestion of watermelon rind can be a sustainable alternative to increase plasma L-arginine,given that rind of fruits is commonly discarded.Therefore,we evaluated the effect of ingestion of a product derived from watermelon rind and pulp(microencapsulation in spray drier)on plasma amino acids(L-citrulline,L-arginine and L-ornithine),glucose,and insulin.Eleven participants(28.36±5.70 years)were enrolled in a single blind,cross-over and randomized study.They ingested microencapsulated watermelon rind and pulp(containing 4 g of L-citrulline)plasma amino acids,glucose,and insulin were evaluated before and 30,60,90 and 120 min after ingestion.It was observed that both microencapsulated watermelon rind and pulp increased L-citrulline through 120 min and microencapsulated watermelon rind significantly increased L-arginine at 30 min.In addition,microencapsulated watermelon rind and pulp similarly increased plasma glucose and insulin levels.In conclusion,these findings suggest that both microencapsulated watermelon rind and pulp are effective to increase plasma L-citrulline and microencapsulated watermelon rind effectively increases plasma L-arginine.In addition,rind and pulp promote similar changes on plasma glucose and insulin.
基金This project was supported by the grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.38850662) the Research Fund of Ministry of Health, China (No.0688-203)
文摘In order to know the practical value of heat stress protein 70 (HSP70) and to know the changes of plasma free amino acids of workers with the induction of HSP70 by harmful factors, the amino acid composition of major HSP, HSP70 purified from the heated cultured human leukemia cancer cell line K562, rabbit liver, rat liver and heart, and mouse liver with two-step procedures of DE52-cel-lulose ion exchange chromatography and affinity chromatography on ATP-agarose was examined. The level of plasma free amino acids of workers with long-term exposure to heat, carbon monoxide and the combined effect of both heat and carbon monoxide was also investigated. The results showed that the three richest amino acids in HSP70 of all origins were Gly, Glu and Asp, except that of rat heart which was rich in Gly, Phe and Glu. Additionally, Lys, Val, Leu and Ala were also found very rich in HSP70 of all origins. Compared with controls, the most of plasma free amino acids tended to increase and free methionine and trypto-phan were increased significantly (P<0. 05) after a long-term exposure to heat, carbon monoxide, and both. These findings suggested that further studies need to be done to find the substances or drugs which induce the synthesis of HSP70 and reduce the inhibition of synthesis of normal proteins for the purpose of protecting people with exposure to harmful factors against the damage of the factors.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Comm ission of Jilin Province( No.94 35 4 6 - 3)
文摘The effects of the ingestion of corn peptides with a low molecular weight(LMCP) prepared from zein on some plasma free amino acid concentrations in rats that had taken ethanol were investigated. LMCP(1 0 g/kg body weight) in 15% ethanol(10 mL/kg body weight) was given to Wister rats by intragastrical administration. The amino acid analysis showed that the concentrations of alanine, leucine, and proline in the plasma reached their maximum levels at 30 min for the LMCP-intake group. They are 582.39, 99.60 and 272.51 μg/L , respectively. But in the control group, the plasma free amino acid levels were not changed obviously. Therefore, LMCP could cause an increase in concentration of some free amino acids such as alanine, leucine and proline etc . in plasma of the rats that have taken ethanol.
文摘Alfalfa protein breakdown was to soluble NPN of oligopeptide-N, AA-N, amide-N, amine-N and NH3-N. Acidity (pH) and moisture (Aw) are critical in determining extent of fermentation and changes in composition. Further changes in digestive flows and post-prandial plasma AA are indicators of protein status. Dual-purpose cropping and tree plant cropping was with ensiling management of the undergrowth. On-farm field-drying and probiotic additives are promising. It is suggested acidity with propionic acid and microbial inoculants together with field-drying and chop length are required to optimize profile qualities in silage. It is proposed use of denaturing with acid and dust cropping with a hypothetical PNA-Auxin repressor to plant protease. Further study with field-drying to follow is needed. Feeding HIS, ARG and LEU AA supplement to change GRH and GH profiles could be used to promote LBM in production. Dual-purpose cropping can expand subsistence to mixed farming with expanded livestock products and services and resources. PNA-Auxin and PNA-ARF penetrates the plant shoot tips to deliver a TF mRNA to boost proteins in residual cell tissues. Ensiled % AA-N delivery per os to per duodenum was higher;yet total AA-N flow was higher in the control. It is suggested that “bulk” flow was less but with a “tighter” conversion on TAA. FAA was 145% higher in the ensiled versus the fresh control indicating the ENU with less PFAA supplied. FAA on the ensiled diet is high inferred to be more soluble and escape lower from the rumen. WSC are less supplied in fermented forage with VFA being lower and presenting the question whether WSC should be supplied for energy and also with EFE through breaking down of polymers of lignocellulose. It was surmised, although not known, that higher dilution rate (% hr<sup>-1</sup>) was true on the fresh diet compared to the ensiled although end-products may initially detract with feed but that further digestion in the fresh feed may be higher with intake. Plasma AA before and after absorption or feeding are indicators of synthesis and breakdown. No data was available on N status;protein nutrition on neat silage was probably due to net efflux of AA with mobilization before influx with feeding and subsequent insulin action for uptake. Estuarine aquatic plant spp., water hyacinth used in the Philippines and duckweed studies in Australia, and post-harvest treatment with chemical additives and anti-microbial agents to help control potential transfer of diseases. “Greens” as supplements has yet to be established for anti-microbial properties for animal health and welfare. In conclusion, alfalfa silage fed at standard 0.6 cm particle size and wilted led to dramatic changes with AA breakdown, dramatic changes in duodenal AA flows from escape and recapture into microbial cells. Also N status of animals was compromised by lack of adequate “stores”, mobilized, resulting in a net decrease in total plasma AA with insulin-dependent uptake to tissue.
文摘目的分析血浆氨基酸水平对AECOPD患者细菌感染与非细菌感染鉴别价值。方法选择2018年2月~2019年在医院接受治疗的AECOPD患者78例(观察组)及同期健康体检者78例(对照组)进行研究。所有受试者抽取空腹外周静脉血2 ml,检测体内8种必须氨基酸与8种非必须氨基酸水平。观察组以痰培养结果分为感染组42例及非感染组36例。比较不同感染类型患者各氨基酸水平,并以ROC分析判断不同感染类型间具显著性差异的氨基酸对AECOPD患者细菌感染与非细菌感染的鉴别价值。结果两组调查对象苏氨酸、天冬酰胺、瓜氨酸、谷氨酰胺、组氨酸、蛋氨酸与丝氨酸水平差异均具有统计学意义(t=3.429、2.675、9.436、9.911、5.361、8.808、5.319,P<0.05)。细菌感染组患者苏氨酸、天冬酰胺、瓜氨酸、谷氨酰胺、组氨酸、蛋氨酸与丝氨酸水平均显著高于非细菌感染组(t=19.365、2.532、6.506、4.844、7.190、4.662、5.085,P<0.05)。ROC分析结果显示除天冬酰胺及蛋氨酸对AECOPD患者细菌感染与非细菌感染鉴别价值不具有统计学意义[曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)]=0.528、0.506,(P>0.05)外,苏氨酸、谷氨酰胺、瓜氨酸、组氨酸及丝氨酸对AECOPD患者细菌感染与非细菌感染鉴别均具有统计学意义且联合诊断可明显提高诊断效能(AUC=0.903、0.883、0.806、0.900、0.759、0.956,P<0.05)。结论苏氨酸、谷氨酰胺、瓜氨酸、组氨酸及丝氨酸可用于AECOPD患者细菌感染与非细菌感染的鉴别,且联合检测可提高诊断效能。
