Determination of Carboplatin Dose by Area Under the Curve in Combination Chemotherapy for Senile Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

To preliminarily determine the appropriate dosage of carboplatin （CBP） at AUC of 5 mg-M1^-1·min^-1 in the combination chemotherapy for Chinese senile patients with non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. Thirty-five Chinese senile patients with NSCLC in advanced stage （Ⅲ/Ⅳ） were given 96 cycles of combination chemotherapy. Chemotherapy schedules included Taxol＋CBP, Gemzar＋CBP and NVB＋CBE The dose of CBP was at 5 mg.mL^-1·min^-1 of area under the concentration-time curve （AUC）. Side effects and quality of life were observed before and after the chemotherapy. Myelosuppression was severe and commonly observed. Grade 3/4 of granulocytopenia was found in 47.9% （46/96） of the patients and grade 3/4 of thrombocytopenia was noted in 28.1% （27/96） of the subjects. However, other side effects were slight. The mean score of quality of life （QOL）, according to the criteria of QOL for Chinese cancer patients had reduced 6.8. At 5 mg.mL^-1·min^-1 by AUC, the hematological toxicity of CBP was severe and it had some negative effects on the QOL. The administration of CBP at 5 mg.mL^-1·min^-1 by AUC may be too high for Chinese senile patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

Properties of Ternary One Dimensional Plasma Photomic Crystals for an Obliquely Incident Electromagnetic Wave Considering the Effect of Collisions in Plasma Layers

An analytical study is presented on the modal dispersion characteristics, group velocity, and effective group, as well as the phase index of a ternary one dimensional plasma photonic crystal for an obliquely incident electromagnetic wave considering the effect of collisions in plasma layers. The dispersion relation is derived by using the transfer matrix method and the boundary conditions based on electromagnetic theory. The dispersion curves are plotted for both the normal photonic band gap structure and the absorption photonic band gap structure. It is found that the increase in the angle of incidence shifts the photonic band gap toward higher frequencies. Also, the cutoff frequency is independent of collisions.

Atherogenic index of plasma combined with waist circumference and body mass index to predict metabolic-associated fatty liver disease

BACKGROUND Early identification of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)is urgent.Atherogenic index of plasma(AIP)is a reference predictor of obesity-related diseases,but its predictive value for MAFLD remains unclear.No studies have reported whether its combination with waist circumference(WC)and body mass index(BMI)can improve the predictive performance for MAFLD.AIM To systematically explore the relationship between AIP and MAFLD and evaluate its predictive value for MAFLD and to pioneer a novel noninvasive predictive model combining AIP,WC,and BMI while validating its predictive performance for MAFLD.METHODS This cross-sectional study consecutively enrolled 864 participants.Multivariate logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve were used to evaluate the relationship between AIP and MAFLD and its predictive power for MAFLD.The novel prediction model A-W-B combining AIP,WC,and BMI to predict MAFLD was established,and internal verification was completed by magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis.RESULTS Subjects with higher AIP exhibited a significantly increased risk of MAFLD,with an odds ratio of 12.420(6.008-25.675)for AIP after adjusting for various confounding factors.The area under receiver operating characteristic curve of the A-W-B model was 0.833(0.807-0.858),which was significantly higher than that of AIP,WC,and BMI(all P<0.05).Subgroup analysis illustrated that the A-W-B model had significantly higher area under receiver operating characteristic curves in female,young and nonobese subgroups(all P<0.05).The best cutoff values for the A-W-B model to predict MAFLD in males and females were 0.5932 and 0.4105,respectively.Additionally,in the validation set,the area under receiver operating characteristic curve of the A-W-B model to predict MAFLD was 0.862(0.791-0.916).The A-W-B level was strongly and positively associated with the liver proton density fat fraction(r=0.630,P<0.001)and significantly increased with the severity of MAFLD(P<0.05).CONCLUSION AIP was strongly and positively associated with the risk of MAFLD and can be a reference predictor for MAFLD.The novel prediction model A-W-B combining AIP,WC,and BMI can significantly improve the predictive ability of MAFLD and provide better services for clinical prediction and screening of MAFLD.

Characterization of a New DC-Glow Discharge Plasma Set-Up to Enhance the Electronic Circuits Performance

The (DC-GDPAU) is a DC glow discharge plasma experiment that was designed, established, and operated in the Physics Department at Ain Shams University (Egypt). The aim of this experiment is to study and improve some properties of a printed circuit board (PCB) by exposing it to the plasma. The device consists of cylindrical discharge chamber with movable parallel circular copper electrodes (cathode and anode) fixed inside it. The distance between them is 12 cm. This plasma experiment works in a low-pressure range (0.15 - 0.70 Torr) for Ar gas with a maximum DC power supply of 200 W. The Paschen curves and electrical plasma parameters (current, volt, power, resistance) characterized to the plasma have been measured and calculated at each cm between the two electrodes. Besides, the electron temperature and ion density are obtained at different radial distances using a double Langmuir probe. The electron temperature (KTe) was kept stable in range 6.58 to 10.44 eV;whereas the ion density (ni) was in range from 0.91 × 1010 cm−3 to 1.79 × 1010 cm−3. A digital optical microscope (800×) was employed to draw a comparison between the pre-and after effect of exposure to plasma on the shaping of the circuit layout. The experimental results show that the electrical conductivity increased after plasma exposure, also an improvement in the adhesion force in the Cu foil surface. A significant increase in the conductivity can be directly related to the position of the sample surfaces as well as to the time of exposure. This shows the importance of the obtained results in developing the PCBs manufacturing that uses in different microelectronics devices like those onboard of space vehicles.

Correlation between discharging property and coatings microstructure during plasma electrolytic oxidation

The voltage-current properties during plasma electrolytic discharge were determined by measuring the current density and cell voltage as functions of processing time and then by mathematical transformation. Correlation between discharge I-V property and the coatings microstructure on aluminum alloy during plasma electrolytic oxidation was determined by comparing the voltage-current properties at different process stages with SEM results of the corresponding coatings. The results show that the uniform passive film corresponds to a I-V property with one critical voltage, and a compound of porous layer and sintered ceramic particles corresponds to a I-V property with two critical voltages. The growth regularity of PEO cermet coatings was also studied.

A study of Corrosion Protection of Aluminum Metal by Tetraethoxysilane Plasma Polymerized Coatings -Influence of Aluminum Surface Pretreatments-

The corrosion-protective performance of plasma-polymerized (PP) coatings on pretreated aluminum substrates has been investigated by cathodic polarization curve measurement. The surface composition and electronic properties of the pretreated and PP film coated metal surfaces were also characterized by XPS and the temperature-programmed photoelectron emission (TPPE). A PP coating was prepared on the pretreated surfaces by plasma polymerization of a mixture of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) monomer vapor and oxygen using a 13.56MHz radiofrequency generator. The polarization curve of PP film coated samples was measured in NaCl aqueous solution. The weight loss rate calculated from the value of the corrosion current of the curve was used to estimate the protective performance of the PP film coated samples. Argon plasma treatment of the metal surface gave much better corrosion-protective performance than pretreatments such as oxidation by heating in air and diamond scratching. The XPS analysis indicated that the silicon oxide assigned to SiO2 was formed on the PP film coated surface. The TPPE analysis revealed that the electron emission characteristics for the metal surfaces pretreated only were strongly influenced by the pretreatments, while all the PP film coated samples exhibited nearly the same electron emission trend with a much decreased intensity.

Dynamics Behaviors of a Laser Produced Plasma:Theoretical Approach

Assuming that plasma particles are moving on continuous and non-differentiable curves, some dynamic properties in plasma ablation are analyzed via scale-relativity theory: the splitting of plasma plume, multi-peak structures, at various distances from the target surface and plasma oscillations through self-similarity. Our theoretical results are in good agreement with the experimental ones.

Mechanism analysis of radiation generated by the beam-plasma interaction in a vacuum diode

When we were studying the vacuum switch,we found that the vacuum diode can radiate a broadband microwave.The vacuum diode is comprised of a cathode with a trigger device and planar anode,there is not a metallic bellows waveguide structure in this device,so the radiation mechanism of the vacuum diode is different from the plasma filled microwave device.It is hard to completely imitate the theory of the plasma filled microwave device.This paper analyzes the breakdown process of the vacuum diode,establishes the mathematical model of the radiating microwave from the vacuum diode.Based on the analysis of the dispersion relation in the form of a refractive index,the electromagnetic waves generated in the vacuum diode will resonate.The included angle between the direction of the electromagnetic radiation and the initial motion direction of electron beam is 45 degrees.The paper isolates the electrostatic effect from the beam-plasma interaction when the electromagnetic radiation occurs.According to above analyses,the dispersion relations of radiation are obtained by solving the wave equation.The dispersion curves are also obtained based on the theoretical dispersion relations.The theoretical dispersion curves are consistent with the actual measurement time-frequency maps of the radiation.Theoretical deduction and experiments indicate that the reason for microwave radiating from the vacuum diode can be well explained by the interaction of the electron beam and magnetized plasma.

肾小管及肾小球标志物在2型糖尿病患者不同肾损伤阶段诊断价值的研究

目的探讨肾小管及肾小球相关标志物在2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)患者不同肾损伤阶段的诊断价值。方法选取于2018年4月1日至2019年10月31日入住首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院内分泌科的T2DM患者272例,完善临床生化指标及尿蛋白四项:尿微量白蛋白/肌酐(urinary albumin to creatinine ratio,ACR)、α1-微球蛋白/肌酐(urinary α1-microglobulin to creatinine ratio,UA1CR)、免疫球蛋白G/肌酐(urinary immunoglobulin G to creatinine ratio,UIGG)、转铁蛋白/肌酐(urinary transferrin to creatinine ratio,UTRF);进行眼底照相、核医学99mTc-EC检测肾有效血浆流量(effective renal plasma flow,ERPF)和99mTc-DTPA检测肾小球滤过率(glomerular filtration rate,GFR)。根据ACR和眼底检查结果分为4组:正常蛋白尿无糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR)132例,即对照组(ACR≤30 mg/g);正常蛋白尿合并DR 32例,为糖尿病肾病(diabetic kidney disease,DKD)前期组;微量蛋白尿组78例(30<ACR≤300 mg/g)和大量蛋白尿组30例(ACR>300 mg/g)。比较四组间尿蛋白四项和ERPF、GFR的水平,通过受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线评价上述各指标在不同肾损伤阶段的诊断价值。结果尿蛋白四项和ERPF、GFR的水平在不同组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在尿蛋白正常组中,DR组中肾小管功能标志物UA1CR较对照组明显升高(P<0.01);肾小球功能标志物ACR、UTRF和GFR在两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),DR组UIGG较对照组升高(P<0.01)。在微量蛋白尿组和大量蛋白尿组,尿蛋白四项随肾损伤程度增加而增加,而ERPF和GFR随肾损伤程度增加而降低。ROC曲线分析显示,在尿蛋白排出正常的T2DM患者中合并DR组中肾小管功能标志物UA1CR和ERPF的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)分别为68.2%(P<0.01)和60.5%(P<0.05),而肾小球功能标志物ACR和GFR的AUC均小于60%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。尿蛋白四项及GFR在微量和大量蛋白尿组的AUC均大于60%(P<0.05),ERPF在大量蛋白尿组AUC为67.2%(P<0.05)。结论T2DM极早期微血管改变即ACR正常仅有DR时,肾小管标志物UA1CR先于肾小球标志物ACR和GFR发生变化。肾损伤早期,肾小管标志物诊断效能优于肾小球;肾损伤后期,肾小球标志物诊断效能优于肾小管。提示DKD肾小管功能的改变可能早于肾小球。

地中海贫血患儿造血干细胞移植术后伏立康唑谷浓度及AUC的影响因素分析

目的分析地中海贫血患儿造血干细胞移植(HSCT)术后伏立康唑(VRZ)谷浓度(c_(min))和药时曲线下面积(AUC)的影响因素。方法选择2021年1月至2024年1月于我院接受HSCT并使用VRZ预防或治疗侵袭性真菌感染的地中海贫血患儿60例,采用高效液相色谱法测定VRZ的血药浓度并计算AUC;采用多元线性回归分析影响VRZ c_(min)、AUC的独立因素。结果共得到60例患儿的120例次VRZ c_(min),26例患儿的27例次VRZ AUC。VRZ c_(min)的中位浓度是0.31 mg/L,其中0.5~5 mg/L有46例次(38.33%),>5 mg/L有2例次(1.67%),<0.5 mg/L有72例次(60.00%);VRZ AUC的中位数是11.68 mg·h/L。患儿体重、HSCT术后时间、淋巴细胞计数以及是否合用苯妥英钠、他克莫司、环孢素对VRZ c_(min)有显著影响(P<0.05);淋巴细胞计数和是否合用苯妥英钠对VRZ AUC有显著影响(P<0.05)。结论患儿体重、HSCT术后时间、淋巴细胞计数以及是否合用苯妥英钠、他克莫司、环孢素是影响VRZ c_(min)的独立因素,淋巴细胞计数、是否合用苯妥英钠是影响VRZ AUC的独立因素。

体检人群血浆致动脉粥样硬化指数诊断代谢相关脂肪性肝病效能分析

目的研究血浆致动脉粥样硬化指数(AIP)诊断代谢相关脂肪性肝病(MAFLD)患者的效能。方法2020年7月~2022年12月四川大学华西医院健康管理中心接受体检的人群,常规检测血清指标,计算AIP。采用Logistic回归分析危险因素,应用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析诊断效能。结果在4988名体检人群中,发现MAFLD患者1589例(32.4%);MAFLD组血脂水平显著高于无MAFLD组,其中AIP为0.2(0.0~0.4),显著高于无MAFLD组【0.1(0.1~0.3),P<0.001】;多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,AIP、TG、HDL、LDL和TC均为影响MAFLD患病的独立危险因素(P<0.05);ROC分析显示AIP诊断MAFLD的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.785,显著高于甘油三酯(0.764)、高密度脂蛋白(0.750)、低密度脂蛋白(0.568)或总胆固醇(0.552)诊断;采用DeLong检验,AIP诊断女性MAFLD的AUC值显著高于诊断男性(0.817对0.714),AIP诊断<45岁人群MAFLD的AUC值也显著高于诊断≥45岁人群(0.825对0.742,P<0.001)。结论应用AIP诊断MAFLD简单易行,可作为初步筛查方法用于判别脂肪肝人群,值得进一步验证。

微生物管碟法测定血浆氨苄西林浓度分析

该试验以藤黄微球菌为工作菌,按藤黄微球菌细菌生长曲线、菌悬液制备、氨苄西林钠溶液配制、双层培养基的制备进行试验,对精密度、线性关系和回收率试验结果进行讨论,探索了确定血浆中氨苄西林钠浓度的微生物学方法。结果显示,氨苄西林钠浓度在0.04~5μg/mL范围内,药物浓度对数与抑菌圈直径之间有良好线性关系r=0.997,血浆中最低检测线0.04μg/mL。氨苄西林钠浓度在5.0、0.31、0.04μg/mL时,日内变异系数分别时6.55%、7.96%、7.06%;日间变异系数分别是5.97%、6.91%、7.71%。回收率为97.8%~100%。与测定血浆中氨苄西林钠浓度的仪器方法相比,微生物管碟法可靠、准确、灵敏,检定菌易培养,易观察结果,费用低廉,可以满足对血浆中氨苄西林钠浓度分析要求。

标准曲线对测定地表水中铜、铅的影响及不确定度

采用电感耦合等离子发射光谱法测定地表水中的铜和铅,检测用的校准曲线分别采用容量瓶+单标线移液管和比色管+移液枪配制。对两组校准曲线进行了质量验证和差异性分析,并评定相对不确定度,得到容量瓶+单标线移液管法的相对不确定度为:urel(Cu)=1.57%,urel(Pb)=2.70%;比色管+移液枪配制法的相对不确定度为:urel(Cu)=1.64%,urel(Pb)=2.09%。通过试验,为实验室测定地表水中铜、铅的配制和差异提供科学的选择依据。

Generation of a curved plasma channel from a discharged capillary for intense laser guiding

Straight plasma channels are widely used to guide relativistic intense laser pulses over several Rayleigh lengths for laser wakefield acceleration.Recently,a curved plasma channel with gradually varied curvature was suggested to guide a fresh intense laser pulse and merge it into a straight channel for staged wakefield acceleration[Phys.Rev.Lett.120,154801(2018)].In this work,we report the generation of such a curved plasma channel from a discharged capillary.Both longitudinal and transverse density distributions of the plasma inside the channel were diagnosed by analyzing the discharging spectroscopy.Effects of the gas-filling mode,back pressure and discharging voltage on the plasma density distribution inside the specially designed capillary are studied.Experiments show that a longitudinally uniform and transversely parabolic plasma channel with a maximum channel depth of 47.5µm and length of 3 cm can be produced,which is temporally stable enough for laser guiding.Using such a plasma channel,a laser pulse with duration of 30 fs has been successfully guided along the channel with the propagation direction bent by 10.4◦.

经口鼻双路径下弯曲等离子刀头腺样体射频消融切除术治疗腺样体肥大的效果

目的:分析经口鼻双路径下弯曲等离子刀头腺样体射频消融切除术治疗腺样体肥大的效果。方法:选取2019年1月—2023年6月于德江县人民医院接受腺样体切除术治疗的腺样体肥大患儿200例作为研究对象,依据随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各100例。对照组采用传统经口单路径下直等离子刀头腺样体射频消融切除术治疗,观察组采用经口鼻双路径下弯曲等离子刀头腺样体射频消融切除术治疗。比较两组围术期指标、应激指标[降钙素原(PCT)、皮质醇(Cor)、前列腺素E_(2)(PGE_(2))、前列腺素F_(2α)(PGF_(2α))]、儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停特异性生活质量调查表(OSA-18)评分、并发症发生率。结果:观察组术中出血量、术后视觉模拟评分法评分低于对照组,手术时间、止血时间、住院时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。术后1 d,两组PCT、Cor水平升高,PGE_(2)、PGF_(2α)水平降低,观察组PCT、Cor、PGE_(2)、PGF_(2α)水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后,两组OSA-18评分降低,观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组并发症发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.009)。结论:经口鼻双路径下弯曲等离子刀头腺样体射频消融切除术治疗腺样体肥大的效果良好,有利于减轻术中创伤及术后疼痛,缩短住院时间,改善应激反应,提高睡眠质量,减少并发症。

常压低温等离子体对微生物的杀灭研究

初步探讨APPJ等离子体对微生物的影响机制 ,用APPJ与DBD两种不同类型等离子体对不同代表微生物金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、枯草杆菌黑色变种进行处理 ,分析比较不同微生物对不同等离子体的存活曲线 ;进而利用扫描电镜观察微生物细胞壁、膜等外部结构的变化。结果显示两种等离子体对不同微生物的杀灭作用均为先快后慢 ,APPJ的作用效果远好于DBD(DBD对金黄色葡萄球菌及枯草杆菌黑色变种芽孢的D值为 70s ,而APPJ的D值为 4s)。同时 ,在APPJ的作用下 ,大肠杆菌细胞壁、膜有明显破裂发生。这证明 ,APPJ可快速有效地杀灭微生物体 ,其灭菌机制可能与微生物细胞壁、膜的破裂有关。

常压低温等离子体APPJ对大肠埃希菌的杀灭机制研究

目的 初步研究探讨APPJ等离子体对大肠埃希菌的杀灭作用其灭菌机制。方法 大肠埃希菌 (Es cherichiacoli)标准株ATCC80 99经DBD及RF两种APPJ等离子体处理 ,研究其存活曲线 ,进而利用扫描电镜观察其细胞壁、膜等外部结构的变化。结果 两种APPJ等离子体对大肠埃希菌均有较强的杀灭作用 ,但RF APPJ的杀灭效果 (D值约 2s)明显好于DBD APPJ(D值约 10s,前 15s内 ) ,且大肠埃希菌的细胞壁在APPJ作用下有明显破损。结论 APPJ氩气常压低温射频等离子体可快速有效地杀灭大肠埃希菌 ,在消毒灭菌领域有广阔的应用前景 ,其灭菌机制可能与微生物细胞壁、膜的破裂有关。

空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖及糖化血红蛋白对糖尿病的诊断价值

目的:探讨空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖及糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)对糖尿病及糖调节受损的诊断价值。方法:收集2009年12月至2011年8月在郑州市第二人民医院和郑州市中心医院检测空腹血糖(FPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)和餐后2h血糖(2h-PG)的738例临床资料完整的、HbAlc在5.4%～7.0%的就诊者入选该研究,采用ROC曲线确定HbAlc预测糖尿病及糖调节受损的诊断界点。结果:以FPG≥7.0mmol/L和(或)餐后2h-PG≥11.1mmol/L为诊断DM的金标准作ROC曲线,HbAlc=6.35%为诊断DM的最佳阈值,此切点敏感度0.698,特异度0.680,阳性似然比为2.18,阴性似然比为0.44。以FPG6.1～6.9mmol/L和(或)餐后2h-PG在7.8～11.1mmol/L作为诊断糖调节受损的金标准作ROC曲线,HbAlc=6.0%为诊断糖调节受损的最佳阈值,此切点敏感度0.646,特异度0.659,阳性似然比为1.89,阴性似然比为0.54。结论:用HbAlc诊断糖尿病敏感度中等,诊断糖调节受损敏感性不高,联合实验有助于提高糖尿病及糖调节受损的检出率。

金属板件等离子体弧柔性成形实验研究

以厚度为 0 .8mm的Q2 35扇形板、环状扇形板、矩形参考板为试件 ,研究了圆弧曲线扫描与直线扫描成形效果的差异及板材几何形状对成形效果的影响规律。研究结果表明 ,利用曲线扫描 ,可获取非直线展成面 ,直线扫描和曲线扫描的成形结果存在明显差异 ,曲线路径扫描是成形自由曲面的有效方法。

微放电及其应用

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