The relationship between polymorphisms of P-selectin genes and plasma P-selectin concentration with thrombosis in non-valvular atrial fibrillation of Kazakh ethnicity

Objective:To explore the relationship between polymorphisms in rs1800807 and rs1800808 locies of P-selectin gene and plasma concentrations of soluble P-selectin(sPs)and non-valvular atrial fibrillation(Af)coupled with thrombosis in Kazakh ethnicity.Methods:This was a case-control study,enrolling hospitalized Kazakh Af patients with and without thrombosis and healthy subjects.PCR-RFLP method was used to analyze the polymorphisms of the locies,and ELISA method was to measure plasma sPs concentrations.Subjects were divided into Af thrombosis,only Af and control groups.Results:We enrolled 42 Af thrombosis,156 only Af and 307 control subjects.Carriers of GG genotype of the loci rs1800807 was the highest in Af thrombosis,followed by only Af and the lowest in the control groups(69 vs 23.7 vs 18.2%,P<0.001).Carriers of TT genotype of the loci rs1800808 was the highest in Af thrombosis,followed by only Af and the lowest in the control groups(31.0 vs 13.5 vs 8.1%,P<0.001).Plasma sPs concentrations was the highest in Af thrombosis group,followed by only Af group and the lowest in the control(52.20 vs 34.04 vs 35.85pg/mL,P<0.001).Plasma sPs concentrations were significantly higher in the carriers of GG genotypes of the loci rs1800807 than in those of CC and CG genotypes(45.75 vs 33.86 vs 39.26pg/mL,P<0.001)and also significantly higher in the carries of TT of the loci rs1800808 than in those of CC and CT(43.16 vs 36.74 vs 39.08pg/mL,P<0.001).GG type of rs1800807 loci(OR=3.35,95%CI:2.03-5.55)and TT type of rs1800808(OR=2.19,95%CI:1.65-2.90)showed significantly higher odd's ratio for Af thrombosis,compared with the wild genotype and the highest tertile of plasma sPs aslo showed higher odd's ratio(OR=1.31,95CI%:1.12-1.93),compared with the lowest tertile.Conclusion:polymorphisms of the locies of the PS gene were observed to exist in Af patients with thrombosis and with higher concentrations of plamsa sPs,suggesting their involvement in Af and thrombosis in Kazakh subjects.

An embedded electron current layer observed at the edge of the plasma sheet in the Earth’s magnetotail

The formation of an embedded electron current sheet within the magnetotail plasma sheet has been poorly understood.In this article,we present an electron current layer detected at the edge of the magnetotail plasma sheet.The ions were demagnetized inside the electron current layer,but the electrons were still frozen in with the magnetic field line.Thus,this decoupling of ions and electrons gave rise to a strong Hall electric field,which could be the reason for the formation of the embedded thin current layer.The magnetized electrons,the absence of the nongyrotropic electron distribution,and negligible energy dissipation in the layer indicate that magnetic reconnection had not been triggered within the embedded thin current layer.The highly asymmetric plasma on the two sides of the current layer and low magnetic shear across it could suppress magnetic reconnection.The observations indicate that the embedded electric current layer,probably generated by the Hall electric field,even down to electron scale,is not a sufficient condition for magnetic reconnection.

Leveraging ROTI map derived from Indonesian GNSS receiver network for advancing study of Equatorial Plasma Bubble in Southeast/East Asia

This paper highlights the crucial role of Indonesia’s GNSS receiver network in advancing Equatorial Plasma Bubble(EPB)studies in Southeast and East Asia,as ionospheric irregularities within EPB can disrupt GNSS signals and degrade positioning accuracy.Managed by the Indonesian Geospatial Information Agency(BIG),the Indonesia Continuously Operating Reference Station(Ina-CORS)network comprises over 300 GNSS receivers spanning equatorial to southern low-latitude regions.Ina-CORS is uniquely situated to monitor EPB generation,zonal drift,and dissipation across Southeast Asia.We provide a practical tool for EPB research,by sharing two-dimensional rate of Total Electron Content(TEC)change index(ROTI)derived from this network.We generate ROTI maps with a 10-minute resolution,and samples from May 2024 are publicly available for further scientific research.Two preliminary findings from the ROTI maps of Ina-CORS are noteworthy.First,the Ina-CORS ROTI maps reveal that the irregularities within a broader EPB structure persist longer,increasing the potential for these irregularities to migrate farther eastward.Second,we demonstrate that combined ROTI maps from Ina-CORS and GNSS receivers in East Asia and Australia can be used to monitor the development of ionospheric irregularities in Southeast and East Asia.We have demonstrated the combined ROTI maps to capture the development of ionospheric irregularities in the Southeast/East Asian sector during the G5 Geomagnetic Storm on May 11,2024.We observed simultaneous ionospheric irregularities in Japan and Australia,respectively propagating northwestward and southwestward,before midnight,whereas Southeast Asia’s equatorial and low-latitude regions exhibited irregularities post-midnight.By sharing ROTI maps from Indonesia and integrating them with regional GNSS networks,researchers can conduct comprehensive EPB studies,enhancing the understanding of EPB behavior across Southeast and East Asia and contributing significantly to ionospheric research.

Statistical analysis on the validity of the cold plasma approximation for chorus waves based on Van Allen Probe observations and their effects on radiation belt electrons

Theoretical analysis has demonstrated that the dispersion relation of chorus waves plays an essential role in the resonant interaction and energy transformation between the waves and magnetospheric electrons.Previous quantitative analyses often simplified the chorus dispersion relation by using the cold plasma assumption.However,the applicability of the cold plasma assumption is doubtful,especially during geomagnetic disturbances.We here present a systematic statistical analysis on the validity of the cold plasma dispersion relation of chorus waves based on observations from the Van Allen Probes over the period from 2012 to 2018.The statistical results show that the observed magnetic field intensities deviate substantially from those calculated from the cold plasma dispersion relation and that they become more pronounced with an increase in geomagnetic activity or a decrease in background plasma density.The region with large deviations is mainly concentrated in the nightside and expands in both the radial and azimuthal directions as the geomagnetic activity increases or the background plasma density decreases.In addition,the bounce-averaged electron scattering rates are computed by using the observed and cold plasma dispersion relation of chorus waves.Compared with usage of the cold plasma dispersion relation,usage of the observed dispersion relation considerably lowers the minimum resonant energy of electrons and lowers the scattering rates of electrons above tens of kiloelectronvolts but enhances those below.Furthermore,these differences are more pronounced with the enhancement of geomagnetic activity or the decrease in background plasma density.

Storage time affects the level and diagnostic efficacy of plasma biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases

Several promising plasma biomarker proteins,such as amyloid-β(Aβ),tau,neurofilament light chain,and glial fibrillary acidic protein,are widely used for the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases.However,little is known about the long-term stability of these biomarker proteins in plasma samples stored at-80°C.We aimed to explore how storage time would affect the diagnostic accuracy of these biomarkers using a large cohort.Plasma samples from 229 cognitively unimpaired individuals,encompassing healthy controls and those experiencing subjective cognitive decline,as well as 99 patients with cognitive impairment,comprising those with mild cognitive impairment and dementia,were acquired from the Sino Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Decline project.These samples were stored at-80°C for up to 6 years before being used in this study.Our results showed that plasma levels of Aβ42,Aβ40,neurofilament light chain,and glial fibrillary acidic protein were not significantly correlated with sample storage time.However,the level of total tau showed a negative correlation with sample storage time.Notably,in individuals without cognitive impairment,plasma levels of total protein and tau phosphorylated protein threonine 181(p-tau181)also showed a negative correlation with sample storage time.This was not observed in individuals with cognitive impairment.Consequently,we speculate that the diagnostic accuracy of plasma p-tau181 and the p-tau181 to total tau ratio may be influenced by sample storage time.Therefore,caution is advised when using these plasma biomarkers for the identification of neurodegenerative diseases,such as Alzheimer's disease.Furthermore,in cohort studies,it is important to consider the impact of storage time on the overall results.

Feasibility study on the suitability of dielectric barrier discharge plasma treatment of desert sand for concrete production purposes

Due to the continuously increasing building and construction industry,sand has become one of the most questioned raw materials worldwide.However,the available amount of sand suitable for concrete production is orders of magnitude lower that the demand and consumption.Even though desert sand is sufficiently available,it is not usable for realizing stable concrete due to its surface shape.Against this background,the suitability of energy-efficient‘cold'dielectric barrier discharge plasma operated at atmospheric pressure for improving the properties of concrete produced from desert sand was investigated in this contribution.It is shown that such plasma treatment allows for a certain roughening and re-shaping of sand grains.As a result,the mass flow of treated sand is decreased due to an improved wedging of sand grains.This leads to a certain increase in compressive strength of concrete samples.Even though this increase is marginal,the suitability of the applied type of plasma for modification of the geometry and surface chemistry of sand grains was proven,showing its basic potential for the treatment and preconditioning of sand used for concrete,mortar or plastering.

Surface modification of fabrics using dielectric barrier discharge plasma for improved antifouling performance

Surface modification of fabrics is an effective way to endow them with antifouling properties while still maintaining their key advantages such as comfort,softness and stretchability.Herein,an atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge(DBD)plasma method is demonstrated for the processing of silk fabrics using 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane(PFDS)as the precursor.The results showed the successful grafting of PFDS groups onto the surface of silk fabrics without causing damage.Meanwhile,the gas temperature is rather low during the whole processing procedure,suggesting the non-equilibrium characteristics of DBD plasma.The influence on fabrics of the processing parameters(PFDS concentration,plasma treatment time and plasma discharge power)was systematically investigated.An optimum processing condition was determined to be a PFDS concentration of 8wt%,a plasma processing time of 40 s and a plasma power of 11.87 W.However,with prolonged plasma processing time or enhanced plasma power,the plasma-grafted PFDS films could be degraded.Further study revealed that plasma processing of silk fabrics with PFDS would lead to a change in their chemical composition and surface roughness.As a result,the surface energy of the fabrics was reduced,accompanied by improved water and oil repellency as well as enhanced antifouling performance.Besides,the plasma-grafted PFDS films also had good durability and stability.By extending the method to polyester and wool against different oil-/water-based stains,the DBD plasma surface modification technique demonstrated good versatility in improving the antifouling properties of fabrics.This work provides guidance for the surface modification of fabrics using DBD plasma to confer them with desirable functionalities.

Plasma Science and Technology List of reviewers

We are grateful to the following reviewers for reviewing the papers for Plasma Science and Technology from 25 December,2023 to 28 December,2024.

Non-uniform electron density estimation based on electromagnetic wave attenuation in plasma

The surface of a high-speed vehicle reentering the atmosphere is surrounded by plasma sheath.Due to the influence of the inhomogeneous flow field around the vehicle,understanding the electromagnetic properties of the plasma sheath can be challenging.Obtaining the electron density of the plasma sheath is crucial for understanding and achieving plasma stealth of vehicles.In this work,the relationship between electromagnetic wave attenuation and electron density is deduced theoretically.The attenuation distribution along the propagation path is found to be proportional to the integral of the plasma electron density.This result is used to predict the electron density profile.Furthermore,the average electron density is obtained using a back-propagation neural network algorithm.Finally,the spatial distribution of the electron density can be determined from the average electron density and the normalized derivative of attenuation with respect to the propagation depth.Compared to traditional probe measurement methods,the proposed approach not only improves efficiency but also preserves the integrity of the plasma environment.

Atmospheric pressure plasma jet deposition of TiO_(2)layer on alumina/epoxy to improve electrical properties

In gas-insulated lines,basin-insulators can accumulate charge under non-uniform electric fields,distorting the field distribution and potentially causing surface flashover,which threatens the stability of power systems.In this study,Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet(APPJ)technology was used to deposit TiO_(2)on the surface of alumina/epoxy(Al_(2)O_(3)/EP)composites.The impact of deposition of TiO_(2)layer on the surface morphology and chemical composition of Al_(2)O_(3)/EP was studied using testing methods such as Scanning Electron Microscope,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer,and Energy Dispersive Spectrometer.It was found that APPJ creates a dense,rough Ti-O layer on the Al_(2)O_(3)/EP surface,which bonds tightly with the substrate.The efficacy of APPJ was found to depend on processing time,with optimal results observed at 3 min,DC and AC flashover voltages increased by 29.6% and 15.7%,respectively.TiO_(2)layer enhances the conductivity of the resin and shallows trap levels.Through the synergistic effects of various factors,surface charges are efficiently dissipated and evenly distributed.This study not only reveals the physicochemical process of TiO_(2)deposition via APPJ but also integrates surface characteristics with electrical performance.The findings offer a new strategy to enhance surface flashover voltage and ensure equipment safety.

Experimental investigation on high heat flux plasma parameters of HIT-PSI device in argon discharges

Researches on plasma-facing materials/components(PFMs/PFCs)have become a focus in magnetic confinement fusion studies,particularly for advanced tokamak operation scenarios.Similarly,spacecraft surface materials must maintain stable performance under relatively high temperatures and other harsh plasma conditions,making studies of their thermal and ablation resistance critical.Recently,a low-cost,low-energy-storage for superconducting magnets,and compact linear device,HIT-PSI,has been designed and constructed at Harbin Institute of Technology(HIT)to investigate the interaction between stable high heat flux plasma and PFMs/PFCs in scrape-off-layer(SOL)and divertor regions,as well as spacecraft surface materials.The parameters of the argon plasma beam of HIT-PSI are diagnosed using a water-cooled planar Langmuir probe and emission spectroscopy.As magnetic field rises to 2 T,the argon plasma beam generated by a cascaded arc source achieves high density exceeding 1.2×10^(21)m^(-3)at a distance of 25 cm from the source with electron temperature surpassing 4 eV,where the particle flux reaches 10^(24)m^(-2)s^(-1),and the heat flux loaded on the graphite target measured by infrared camera reaches 4 MW/m^(2).Combined with probe and emission spectroscopy data,the transport characteristics of the argon plasma beam are analyzed.

Platelet rich plasma and anterior cruciate ligament repair:A new frontier,or a short term adjunct

Platelet rich plasma(PRP)is an autologous blood product rich in platelets,showing promise in reducing inflammation and accelerating healing.While extensively utilized in plastic surgery,dermatology,and osteoarthritis treatment,its application in anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)injuries is limited.This article examines PRP's potential in ACL reconstruction(ACLR),exploring its history,current usage,controversies and future directions.PRP has demonstrated significant early benefits in ligamentisation and vascularisation post-ACLR,though its long-term efficacy is inconsistent.Studies suggest that PRP may serve as both an adjunct therapy in ACLR to enhance initial healing and reduce postoperative complications,and as a non-surgical alternative for small ACL tears.Despite these promising findings,outcome variability necessitates further high-quality research to optimize PRP formulations and determine its most effective applications.The exploration of PRP as a treatment modality in ACLR offers promising but varied outcomes.PRP holds considerable promise as both an adjunct and alternative to traditional ACLR.This article underscores the need for targeted research to fully realize PRP's therapeutic potential in ACL treatment,aiming to inform future studies and clinical practices.By understanding PRP's mechanisms of efficacy and identifying the most beneficial patient populations,PRP could significantly impact orthopaedics and sports medicine,improving recovery pathways and patient outcomes.

Generation of low-temperature plasma by pulse-width modulated signals and monitoring of the interaction thereof with the surface of objects

The article discusses the use of pulse-width modulation signals to generate low-temperature atmospheric plasma in an inert gas environment.The results of studies of the energy consumption of a low-temperature plasma generation system depending on the duty rate,as well as the pulse repetition rate,are presented.The operating modes of the system have been established,in which a minimum of energy consumption is achieved.The issues of evaluating the interaction of plasma with objects based on the analysis of changes in signal parameters in the high-voltage circuit of the generator are also considered.

急性下肢深静脉血栓患者置管溶栓前后D-D、F1+2、P-selectin变化及意义

目的 探究急性下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)患者置管溶栓前后D-二聚体(D-D)、凝血酶原片段1+2(F1+2)、P选择素(P-selectin)变化及临床意义。方法 选取2020年3月至2022年3月云南省第三人民医院186例急性DVT患者作为研究对象,均行置管溶栓术,术后12个月以门诊形式进行随访,4例失访,共182例完成术后随访。根据术后12个月是否发生血栓后综合征(PTS)分为PTS组(n=27)、非PTS组(n=155),比较2组一般资料及溶栓前后血浆D-D、F1+2、P-selectin表达,Logistic分析PTS发生影响因素,受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)、曲线下面积(AUC)分析血浆D-D、F1+2、P-selectin预测PTS发生价值,采用相对危险度(RR)分析不同血浆D-D、F1+2、P-selectin表达对PTS的影响。结果 PTS组年龄、BMI、静脉通畅评分及溶栓后1周、1个月血浆D-D、F1+2、P-selectin表达高于非PTS组(P <0.05);Logistic显示:BMI及溶栓后1周、1个月血浆D-D、F1+2、P-selectin是急性DVT患者发生PTS的影响因素(P <0.05);ROC曲线,溶栓后1个月血浆D-D、F1+2、P-selectin联合预测PTS效能明显优于溶栓后1周D-D、F1+2、P-selectin联合预测效能;溶栓后1个月血浆D-D、F1+2、P-selectin高表达患者发生PTS风险是低表达的4.211、2.550、3.189倍。结论 急性DVT患者置管溶栓后血浆D-D、F1+2、P-selectin表达升高,其联合预测患者发生PTS具有一定预测效能。

Plasma‐oxidized 2D MXenes subnanochannel membrane for high‐performance osmotic energy conversion

Nanofluidic channels inspired by electric eels open a new era of efficient harvesting of clean blue osmotic energy from salinity gradients.Limited by less charge and weak ion selectivity of the raw material itself,energy conversion through nanofluidic channels is still facing considerable challenges.Here,a facile and efficient strategy to enhance osmotic energy harvesting based on drastically increasing surface charge density of MXenes subnanochannels via oxygen plasma is proposed.This plasma could break Ti–C bonds in the MXenes subnanochannels and effectively facilitate the formation of more Ti–O,C═O,O–OH,and rutile with a stronger negative charge and work function,which leads the surface potential of MXenes membrane to increase from 205 to 430 mV.This significant rise of surface charge endows the MXenes membrane with high cation selectivity,which could make the output power density of the MXenes membrane increase by 248.2%,reaching a high value of 5.92Wm^(−2) in the artificial sea‐river water system.Furthermore,with the assistance of low‐quality heat at 50℃,the osmotic power is enhanced to an ultrahigh value of 9.68Wm^(−2),which outperforms those of the state‐of‐the‐art two‐dimensional(2D)nanochannel membranes.This exciting breakthrough demonstrates the enormous potential of the facile plasma‐treated 2D membranes for osmotic energy harvesting.

Spark Plasma Sintering of Mg-based Alloys:Microstructure,Mechanical Properties,Corrosion Behavior,and Tribological Performance

Within the past ten years,spark plasma sintering(SPS)has become an increasingly popular process for Mg manufacturing.In the SPS process,interparticle diffusion of compressed particles is rapidly achieved due to the concept of Joule heating.Compared to traditional and additive manufacturing(AM)techniques,SPS gives unique control of the structural and microstructural features of Mg components.By doing so,their mechanical,tribological,and corrosion properties can be tailored.Although great advancements in this field have been made,these pieces of knowledge are scattered and have not been contextualized into a single work.The motivation of this work is to address this scientific gap and to provide a groundwork for understanding the basics of SPS manufacturing for Mg.To do so,the existing body of SPS Mg literature was first surveyed,with a focus on their structural formation and degradation mechanisms.It was found that successful Mg SPS fabrication highly depended on the processing temperature,particle size,and particle crystallinity.The addition of metal and ceramic composites also affected their microstructural features due to the Zener pinning effect.In degradative environments,their performance depends on their structural features and whether they have secondary phased composites.In industrial applications,SPS'd Mg was found to have great potential in biomedical,hydrogen storage,battery,automotive,and recycling sectors.The prospects to advance the field include using Mg as a doping agent for crystallite size refinement and using bulk metallic Mg-based glass powders for amorphous SPS components.Despite these findings,the interactions of multi-composites on the processing-structure-property relationships of SPS Mg is not well understood.In total,this work will provide a useful direction in the SPS field and serve as a milestone for future Mg-based SPS manufacturing.

Spark plasma sintering of tungsten-based WTaVCr refractory high entropy alloys for nuclear fusion applications

W-based WTaVCr refractory high entropy alloys (RHEA) may be novel and promising candidate materials for plasma facing components in the first wall and diverter in fusion reactors. This alloy has been developed by a powder metallurgy process combining mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering (SPS). The SPSed samples contained two phases, in which the matrix is RHEA with a body-centered cubic structure, while the oxide phase was most likely Ta2VO6through a combined analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRD),energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). The higher oxygen affinity of Ta and V may explain the preferential formation of their oxide phases based on thermodynamic calculations. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) revealed an average grain size of 6.2μm. WTaVCr RHEA showed a peak compressive strength of 2997 MPa at room temperature and much higher micro-and nano-hardness than W and other W-based RHEAs in the literature. Their high Rockwell hardness can be retained to at least 1000°C.

Plasma-assisted aerogel interface engineering enables uniform Zn^(2+)flux and fast desolvation kinetics toward zinc metal batteries

The poor reversibility of Zn anodes induced by dendrite growth,surface passivation,and corrosion,severely hinders the practical applicability of Zn metal batteries.To address these issues,a plasmaassisted aerogel(PAG)interface engineering was proposed as efficient ion transport modulator that can simultaneously regulate uniform Zn^(2+)flux and desolvation behavior during battery operation.The PAG with ordered mesopores acted as an ion sieve to homogenize Zn deposition and accelerate Zn^(2+)flux,which is favorable for corrosion resistance and dendrite suppression.Importantly,the plasma-assisted aerogel with abundant hydrophilic groups can facilitate the desolvation kinetics of Zn^(2+)due to the multiple hydrogen-bonding interaction with the activated water molecules,thus accelerating the Zn^(2+)migration kinetics.Consequently,the Zn/Zn cell assembled with PAG-modified separator demonstrates stable plating and stripping behavior(over 1400 h at 1 mA cm^(-2))and high Coulombic efficiency(99.8%at1 mA cm^(-2)after 1100 cycles),and the Zn‖MnO_(2)full cell shows excellent long-term cycling stability and maintains a high capacity of 154.9 mA h g^(-1)after 1000 cycles at 1 A g^(-1).This study provides a feasible approach for the large-scale fabrication of aerogel functionalized separators to realize ultra-stable Zn metal batteries.

Plasma induced dynamic coupling of microscopic factors to collaboratively promote EM losses coupling of transition metal dichalcogenide absorbers

Plasma as the fourth state of matter has attracted great attention for material surface modification,which could induce changes in material microscopic factors,such as defects,phase transitions,crystallinity,and so on.However,the interactions among those microscopic factors and regulation mechanism of macroscopic properties have rarely been investigated.Two-dimensional(2D)transition metal dichalcogenide with tunable structure and phase is one of the most promising electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorbers,which provides a favorable platform for systematically studying the dynamic coupling of its microscopic factors.Herein,we constructed a NaBH_(4) solution-assisted Ar plasma method to modify the 2H-MoS_(2)and 1T-WS_(2)for exploring the regulation mechanism of microscopic factors.For MoS_(2)and WS_(2),NaBH_(4) solution-assisted Ar plasma treatment behaves with different effects on dielectric responses,realizing dynamic coupling of material microscopic factors to collaboratively promote EM losses coupling.Consequently,the MS-D3-0.5(MoS_(2),3 kV voltage,0.5 mol L^(-1)NaBH_(4) solution)displays an optimum effective absorption bandwidth of 8.01 GHz,which is 319.4%more than that of MS-raw sample.This study not only reveals the novel mechanism of plasma induced dynamic coupling of microscopic factors for EMW dissipation,but also presents a new method of plasma-dominated surface modification to optimize the EMW absorption performance.

Study of plasma parameters of coaxial plasma source using triple Langmuir probe and Faraday cup diagnostics

Coaxial plasma guns are a type of plasma source that produces plasma which propagates radially and axially controlled by the shape of the ground electrode, which has attracted much interest in several applications. In this work, a 120° opening angle of CPG nozzle is used as a plasma gun configuration that operates at the energy of 150 J. The ionization of polyethylene insulator between the electrodes of the gun produces a cloud of hydrogen and carbon plasma.The triple Langmuir probe and Faraday cup are used to measure plasma density and plasma temperature. These methods are used to measure the on-axis and off-axis plasma divergence of the coaxial plasma gun. The peak values of ion densities measured at a distance of 25 mm on-axis from the plasma gun are(1.6±0.5)×10^(19)m^(-3)and(2.8±0.6)×10^(19)m^(-3)for hydrogen and carbon plasma respectively and the peak temperature is 3.02±0.5 eV. The mean propagation velocity of plasma is calculated using the transit times of plasma at different distances from the plasma gun and is found to be 4.54±0.25 cm/μs and 1.81±0.18 cm/μs for hydrogen and carbon plasma respectively. The Debye radius is obtained from the measured experimental data that satisfies the thin sheath approximation. The shot-to-shot stability of plasma parameters facilitates the use of plasma guns in laboratory experiments. These types of plasma sources can be used in many applications like plasma opening switches, plasma devices, and as plasma sources.