Influence of the Plasma State on the Formation of Nano Crystalline SiC Films

The influence of the plasma state on the microstructure transformation from amorphous to nano-(crystalline) state is emphasized during the formation of the silicon carbide (SiC) films deposited by the plasma enhanced chemical vapor technique. The effect of two key parameters, the working pressure and hydrogen concentration in the gas flow, that perform the dependence by modulating the two essential factors of the plasma state-ions energy and gas composition, is in-depth investigated. The experimental results showed that nanocrystalline SiC films fit for field emitters could be achieved under an appropriate ion energy flow density and gas components in the (plasma.)

Time-resolved K-shell x-ray spectra of nanosecond laser-produced titanium tracer in gold plasmas

A study of a nanosecond laser irradiation on the titanium-layer-buried gold planar target is presented. The timeresolved x-ray emission spectra of titanium tracer are measured by a streaked crystal spectrometer. By comparing the simulated spectra obtained by using the FLYCHK code with the measured titanium spectra, the temporal plasma states, i.e.,the electron temperatures and densities, are deduced. To evaluate the feasibility of using the method for the characterization of Au plasma states, the deduced plasma states from the measured titanium spectra are compared with the Multi-1D hydrodynamic simulations of laser-produced Au plasmas. By comparing the measured and simulated results, an overall agreement for the electron temperatures is found, whereas there are deviations in the electron densities. The experiment–theory discrepancy may suggest that the plasma state could not be well reproduced by the Multi-1D hydrodynamic simulation, in which the radial gradient is not taken into account. Further investigations on the spectral characterization and hydrodynamic simulations of the plasma states are needed. All the measured and FLYCHK simulated spectra are given in this paper as datasets. The datasets are openly available at http://www.doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.j00113.00032.

不同血浆白蛋白水平肾病综合征患者的凝血状态研究

目的 研究不同血浆白蛋白(ALB)水平肾病综合征患者的凝血状态。方法 回顾性选取60例肾病综合征患者,依据血浆白蛋白水平不同分为白蛋白25~30 g/L组、白蛋白20~25 g/L组、白蛋白<20 g/L组、正常对照组,各15例。检测四组患者的凝血指标[D-二聚体(D-D)、纤维蛋白原(Fg)、降钙素原(PCT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、血小板计数(PLT)、血小板体积分布宽度(PDW)、平均血小板体积(MPV)]。统计比较四组凝血指标,并进行白蛋白与D-D、Fg的相关性分析。结果 白蛋白25~30 g/L组D-D、Fg、PCT、APTT、PT、TT、PLT、PDW、MPV分别为(0.64±0.14)μg/ml、(5.32±1.13)g/L、(0.24±0.07)ng/ml、(36.25±0.67)s、(12.77±0.43)s、(17.58±1.18)s、(230.23±10.14)×109/L、(12.32±0.45)fl、(10.52±0.22)fl;白蛋白20~25 g/L组分别为(0.65±0.14)μg/ml、(5.35±1.25)g/L、(0.25±0.06)ng/ml、(36.64±0.72)s、(12.95±0.34)s、(17.66±1.22)s、(231.22±13.56)×109/L、(12.02±0.42)fl、(10.45±0.12)fl;白蛋白<20 g/L组分别为(1.14±0.03)μg/ml、(6.80±1.53)g/L、(0.27±0.11)ng/ml、(37.26±0.83)s、(13.20±0.30)s、(18.78±1.70)s、(272.23±11.23)×109/L、(11.62±0.45)fl、(10.25±0.14)fl;正常对照组分别为(0.14±0.04)μg/ml、(2.83±0.48)g/L、(0.20±0.10)ng/ml、(34.78±2.55)s、(12.01±0.58)s、(16.60±0.80)s、(221.23±12.05)×109/L、(12.65±0.41)fl、(11.14±0.52)fl。白蛋白<20 g/L组、白蛋白20~25 g/L组、白蛋白25~30 g/L组患者的血浆D-D、Fg、APTT、PT、TT、PLT均逐渐降低,且均高于正常对照组,白蛋白20~25 g/L组、白蛋白25~30 g/L组患者的血浆D-D、Fg、APTT、PT、TT、PLT均低于白蛋白<20 g/L组(P<0.05);白蛋白<20 g/L组、白蛋白20~25 g/L组、白蛋白25~30 g/L组患者的PDW、MPV均逐渐升高,且均低于正常对照组,白蛋白20~25 g/L组、白蛋白25~30 g/L组患者的PDW、MPV均高于白蛋白<20 g/L组(P<0.05);但白蛋白20~25 g/L组和白蛋白25~30 g/L组患者的血浆D-D、Fg、APTT、PT、TT、PLT、PDW、MPV之间的差异均不显著(P>0.05)。四组患者的PCT比较无差异(P>0.05)。白蛋白与D-D、Fg均呈显著的负相关(r=-0.262、-0.410, P<0.05)。结论 肾病综合征患者血浆白蛋白不同水平具有的凝血状态不同,白蛋白<20 g/L患者更易有高凝状态形成,白蛋白25~30 g/L肾病综合征患者也需全面评估凝血状态,进行预防性抗凝治疗,以减少血栓的发生,改善患者的预后。

发射光谱法诊断空气电弧的稳态电子密度分布

空气电弧是一种常见的等离子体,对其稳态阶段的微观参数进行研究,对准确把握等离子体内部的反应机制有重要意义。发射光谱法是一种成熟的诊断等离子体电子密度的技术,具有非接触式测量、瞬态探测、灵敏度高、响应速度快、仪器简单等优点。文中以H_(α)656.28 nm谱线做特征谱线,以石墨为电极材料在250 A、200 V的条件下对空气电弧进行发射光谱的测量,对实验获得的发射光谱作阿贝尔反变换和佛克脱线型拟合,反卷积得到斯塔克展宽,最终获得空气电弧电子数密度的径向分布。同时利用汤姆逊散射法测量相同参数条件下空气电弧的电子数密度以验证发射光谱法测量结果的正确性,经验证两种方法的测量结果具有良好的一致性。该实验为空气电弧等离子体电子数密度的测量提供了参考思路和方法。

粉末尺寸对等离子喷涂Li_(1.3)Al_(0.3)Ti_(1.7)(PO_(4))_(3)电解质成分与结构的影响

全固态锂离子电池(ASSLiBs)由于其能量密度高、安全性好、长期稳定性优越等特点,被广泛研究应用于替代液态电解质锂电池,而发展致密高性能固态电解质的低成本大规模制备技术是推动ASSLiBs商业应用的关键。NASICON型Li_(1.3)Al_(0.3)Ti_(1.7)(PO_(4))_(3)(LATP)固态电解质因其离子电导率高、化学稳定性优越,有望应用于ASSLiBs制造。本研究采用具有低成本制造特征的大气等离子喷涂技术制备了LATP单个粒子和涂层,系统研究了喷涂参数和粉末粒径对涂层中的P元素含量和涂层的组织结构的影响,探讨了喷涂过程中P元素蒸发损失存在的尺寸效应。结果表明电弧功率对可完全熔化的LATP粒子的临界直径具有显著影响,能够完全熔化的最大粉末粒径随电弧功率的增加而增大,在42 kW下,50μm以下的粉末可以完全熔化;在完全熔化条件下,当粉末粒径小于25μm时,P的损失量随着粉末粒径的增大而减少;当粒径大于25μm时,P的蒸发损失达到最小且随粉末粒径变化较小;电弧功率对P的蒸发影响显著,当电弧功率从34 kW增加至42 kW时,P的损失量从5%增加至10%。采用粒径范围30~50μm的LATP粉末,通过喷涂参数适配,可以制备具有良好层间结合,相结构稳定的适合于ASSLiBs的致密LATP电解质。

应用电感耦合等离子体光谱法的土壤中游离态铁测定

目的:结合应用电感耦合等离子体光谱法,对土壤中的游离状态下的铁元素进行识别测定。方法:结合采集的数据和样本信息,进行检出限的标准计算,通过ICAP 7400型ICP-OES仪和邻菲啰啉显色方法,结合Fe 238.204谱线进行比色分析,基于此,综合游离态铁的线条变化,计算出各个周期检出限的标准差值。在线性范围之内,通过ICP-OES法和应用电感耦合等离子体光谱法计算出游离态铁的测定精密度值,并依据在低、中、高三种游离态铁含量样本背景条件下,计算出最终游离态铁的测定回收比,结合不同样本得出的数据,比对验证分析。结果:在低、中、高三种游离态铁含量样本测定中,最终得出的回收比均可以达到15以上。结论:针对所选择的3个样品,最终结合应用电感耦合等离子体光谱法得出的土壤中游离态铁测定的回收比均可以达到15以上,说明此次所设计的游离态铁测定方法更具针对性和稳定性,实际的应用效果更佳,具有实际的应用价值。

热等离子体处理技术在固体化工危废物处理中的应用

当前固体化工危废物处理设定为统一燃烧处理,效率较低,导致能耗优化比大幅度下降,为此提出对热等离子体处理技术在固体化工危废物处理中的应用分析。根据当前测试,先进行热等离子体处理技术概述和处理形式的简要分析。从环境污染问题、安全问题两方面来研究固体化工危废物危害。依据上述情况,先对废弃物投放及高温分解,基于此,执行还原、气化环节,并采用多阶的方式,提高处理效率,完成多阶段充分燃烧,最终采用冷却与尾气排放的方式来实现固体化工危废物处理。实例分析结果表明:针对随机选定的化工危废物采集周期,分两个阶段进行测定,最终得出的能耗优化比均可以达到3.5以上,说明此次设计热等离子体固体化工危废物处理方法更加灵活、多变,应用效果更佳。

靶控输注瑞马唑仑用于腹部手术的临床观察

目的比较瑞马唑仑靶控输注(TCI)和恒速泵注对全身麻醉诱导的作用,评价三室模型和代谢物转运室的二室模型参数应用于患者瑞马唑仑TCI系统的性能。方法选取2023年3~5月长治医学院附属和平医院麻醉科行腹部手术患者60例,年龄18~65岁,男女不限,ASA分级Ⅰ~Ⅲ级。采用随机数字表法将患者分为对照组(n=30)和试验组(n=30),对照组采用瑞马唑仑恒速泵注,试验组采用瑞马唑仑靶控输注,使用脑电双频谱指数(BIS)监测麻醉深度,待BIS值达60时,设定瑞芬太尼TCI效应室浓度5 ng/mL,给予单次剂量0.6 mg/kg的罗库溴铵;达插管条件完成气管插管。记录诱导期不同时间点入室后10 min(T 0)、意识消失后(T_(1))、插管前(T_(2))、插管后1 min(T_(3))、插管后3 min(T_(4))、插管后5 min(T_(5))的收缩压(SBP)、平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、心指数(CI)、BIS;从给药开始至BIS≤60的时间;诱导过程中血管活性药物使用情况及相关不良反应。结果与基础值相比,两组患者给药后SBP、MAP、CI、BIS均有所下降,波动幅度较小,HR均有所上升,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);试验组和对照组从开始给药至BIS下降至60的时间分别为(126.6±21.6)s和(354.9±98.8)s,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);试验组不良反应出现低血压3例、心动过速3例,心动过缓4例,呃逆2例;对照组不良反应出现高血压1例、低血压1例、心动过缓1例,出现呃逆4例,两组患者不良反应比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论TCI和恒速泵注瑞马唑仑均可维持患者麻醉诱导期的血流动力学稳定,安全用于全身麻醉的麻醉诱导。

飞秒脉冲激光冲击强化中等离子体压力时空演化规律

为研究飞秒脉冲激光冲击强化中等离子体压力时空演化规律,利用考虑电子态密度(DOS)效应的模型计算了电子热容和电声耦合系数随电子温度的演化规律,并与采用QEOS(quotidian equation of state)模型计算结果进行了对比;提出DOS飞秒脉冲激光冲击强化模型,计算得到电子温度、晶格温度、等离子体羽位置时间演化规律和等离子体压力时空演化规律,并与QEOS飞秒脉冲激光冲击强化模型结果进行了对比。结果表明:DOS飞秒脉冲激光冲击强化模型计算得到的等离子体羽位置随时间的演化规律与实验结果吻合程度更好;增加激光能量或功率密度、考虑电子DOS效应会增加电子、晶格温度和等离子体压力。

基于冰山理论的一体化全程管理对人工肝血浆置换治疗肝衰竭病人的护理效果

目的探讨基于冰山理论的一体化全程管理在人工肝血浆置换(plasma exchange,PE)治疗肝衰竭病人中的应用效果。方法选取2018年10月—2022年12月于医院进行人工肝PE治疗的106例肝衰竭病人为研究对象,按照组间基线资料均衡可比的原则将其分为对照组与观察组,各53例。对照组实施常规一体化全程管理,观察组实施基于冰山理论的一体化全程管理,两组均干预至病人出院。采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、医院自制遵医行为评价量表、工具性日常生活活动能力(IADL)量表分别评估两组病人的心理状况、遵医行为和生活质量;观察比较两组病人不良事件发生率。结果干预后,观察组病人SCL-90评分低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后,观察组病人遵医行为评价量表中治疗、用药、饮食、运动评分高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后,观察组病人IADL评分高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组病人住院期间不良事件发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论基于冰山理论的一体化全程管理可改善人工肝PE治疗肝衰竭病人心理状态,提高其遵医行为,改善其生活质量。

ICP⁃OES法测定水中碳酸根和溶解二氧化碳

为建立一种气态进样的快速测定水样中碳酸根及溶解二氧化碳的电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱分析方法,对气态进样方式进行改进、设计,采用二氧化碳在线发生装置,利用稀盐酸和待测样液酸化反应生成二氧化碳,使用电感耦合等离子发射光谱测定水样中碳的含量。优化确定酸的种类、酸使用量及仪器中各参数的最佳选择,根据使用体积和释放二氧化碳浓度的关系建立曲线,得到样品中碳酸根及溶解二氧化碳的含量。该方法待测二氧化碳浓度在0~400 mg/L内时呈线性关系,碳酸根的检出限为0.021 mg/L、溶解二氧化碳的检出限为0.077 mg/L。样品加标回收率为98.75%~107.15%,精密度为3.31%~5.78%。该方法对水体中无机碳测定有一定效果,在监测水体中溶解无机碳变化、通量及对其来源分析方面具有应用意义。

高浓度掺杂非晶铟镓锌氧化物薄膜的态密度模型研究

针对背沟道刻蚀(Back Channel Etch,BCE)技术的非晶铟镓锌氧化物(a-IGZO)薄膜晶体管(Thin Film Transistor,TFTs),建立了一种高浓度掺杂态密度模型(High Concentration Doping Density Of States model,HCD-DOS model),并通过数值模拟研究态密度关键参数对器件性能的影响,以此揭示a-IGZO TFTs中制备工艺对导电沟道修复的物理机理.首先,采用结合强度较高的钼/铜双层结构作为栅/源/漏电极,引入BCE方法制备了底栅顶接触(BottomGate Top-Contact,BG-TC)TFTs.其次,建立了适用于BCE技术的a-IGZO TFTs的HCD-DOS模型.随后,基于TCAD(Technology Computer Aided Design)仿真器对态密度关键参数进行数值研究,结果表明,不同态密度参数对a-IGZO TFTs器件转移特性曲线、电学特性以及沟道内部电子浓度分布的影响有所差异.最后,基于HCD-DOS模型探索SiO_(x)钝化层沉积和N_(2)O等离子体处理对器件内部机理的影响.研究发现,N2O等离子体处理对态密度分布和沟道载流子浓度有显著影响,进而导致阈值电压正向漂移.

Physical Engineering Test and First Divertor Plasma Configuration in EAST

Physical engineering capability on the superconducting magnetic system of EAST was tested and first divertor plasma configuration in EAST was obtained. The extrapolation of the safety limit has verified the reliability of the system for long pulse operation. A stably controlled diverted plasmas configuration with an elongation n in excess of 1.8 and plasma current of up to 500 kA, by using the （copper） internal coils to control the vertical displacement instability was obtained by an optimized plasma control algorithm. Highly shaped plasma at various configurations, which almost covers all designed configurations for EAST, was generated stably. A number of operational issues, such as plasma initiation, ramp up and configuration control with constraints of superconducting coils, were successfully investigated. All of the results obtained proved both the capability of the superconducting poloidal magnets for operation under steady-state condition and effectiveness of the plasma control algorithm for EAST.

Identification and elimination of inductively coupled plasma-induced defects in Al_xGa_(1-x)N/GaN heterostructures

By using temperature-dependent Hall, variable-frequency capacitance-voltage and cathodoluminescence （CL） measurements, the identification of inductively coupled plasma （ICP）-induced defect states around the AlxGa1-xN/GaN heterointerface and their elimination by subsequent annealing in AlxGa1-xN/GaN heterostructures are systematically investigated. The energy levels of interface states with activation energies in a range from 0.211 to 0.253 eV below the conduction band of GaN are observed. The interface state density after the ICP-etching process is as high as 2.75× 10^12 cm^-2.eV^-1. The ICP-induced interface states could be reduced by two orders of magnitude by subsequent annealing in N2 ambient. The CL studies indicate that the ICP-induced defects should be Ga-vacancy related.

Plasma Model of Generation and Slip of Linear Defects in Crystalline Materials

In dielectrics and semiconductors, a plasma model of the generation and slip of dislocations is considered, where under shock loads in a generalized space of rectangular pulses an alternating field forms a distribution of pairs of photoelectrons and cations;these electrons with velocities Ve create δ-collisions with cold plasma from free electrons and holes with masses me and mh (mh ≫ me), they emit and absorb longitudinal electron plasma waves whose phase velocities wpw / kpw are close to or are equal to the velocities Ve, while the frequencies wpw and wave numbers kpw of the wave packet of plasma waves are complex, the short-wave components of this wave packet at kpw ⋅ ae ≫ 1 (ae -Debye screening radius) decay in the core linear defect, and its long-wavelength components propagate in the region of the medium surrounding the core of the defect at kpw ⋅ ae <≅ 1. When a defect is generated, the distribution of cations under the influence of the internal Coulomb field shifts to the region of the first peak (protrusion) of the electron plasma wave, thereby forming a vacancy valley. When sliding under the influence of an external electric field, a cationic plasma wave consisting of a vacancy valley and two cationic protrusions moves against the background of an additional potential relief created by an electron plasma wave near the core of the defect. It has been shown that δ-collisions create flows of dynamic large-scale correlations of plasma fluctuations in the form of asymptotics of different-time correlators of density and potential fluctuations as t → +∞.

无缝隙手术室护理在小儿双侧扁桃体等离子消融术中的应用效果

目的 探讨无缝隙手术室护理在小儿双侧扁桃体等离子消融术中的应用效果。方法 选取2021年3月至2023年3月在滨州医学院附属医院接受双侧扁桃体等离子消融术治疗的80例患儿作为研究对象,按照抛硬币法分为参照组与研究组,每组各40例。参照组采用常规护理,研究组采用无缝隙手术室护理。比较两组术后恢复情况、心理状态、生活质量、并发症发生情况及家属护理满意度。结果 研究组排气时间、下床活动时间及住院时间均短于参照组(P<0.05)。护理后,研究组儿童焦虑障碍自评量表、儿童抑郁障碍自评量表评分均低于参照组(P <0.05)。护理后,研究组健康调查简表评分高于参照组(P <0.05)。研究组并发症总发生率低于参照组(P<0.05)。研究组家属护理总满意率高于参照组(P<0.05)。结论 无缝隙手术室护理在小儿双侧扁桃体等离子消融术中的应用效果较好,可加速患儿康复,改善患儿心理状态与生活质量,减少并发症的发生,提高家属护理满意度,具有临床应用价值。

In depth fusion flame spreading with a deuterium-tritium plane fuel density profile for plasma block ignition

Solid-state fuel ignition was given by Chu and Bobin according to the hydrodynamic theory at x = 0 qualitatively. A high threshold energy flux density, i.e., E＊ = 4.3 × 10^12 J/m2, has been reached. Recently, fast ignition by employing clean petawatt-picosecond laser pulses was performed. The anomalous phenomena were observed to be based on suppression of prepulses. The accelerated plasma block was used to ignite deuterium tritium fuel at solid-state density. The detailed analysis of the thermonuclear wave propagation was investigated. Also the fusion conditions at x ≠ 0 layers were clarified by exactly solving hydrodynamic equations for plasma block ignition. In this paper, the applied physical mechanisms are determined for nonlinear force laser driven plasma blocks, thermonuclear reaction, heat transfer, electro,ion equilibration, stopping power of alpha particles, bremsstrahlung, expansion, density dependence, and fluid dynamics. New ignition conditions may be obtained by using temperature equations, including the density profile that is obtained by the continuity equation and expansion velocity. The density is only a function of x and independent of time. The ignition energy flux density, Et＊, for the x ≠ 0 layers is 1.95 × 1012 J/m2. Thus threshold ignition energy in comparison with that at x =0 layers would be reduced to less than 50 percent.

Preparation of silicon carbide nitride films on Si substrate by pulsed high-energy density plasma

Thin films of silicon carbide nitride （SiCN） were prepared on （111） oriented silicon substrates by pulsed high-energy density plasma （PHEDP）. The evolution of the chemical bonding states between silicon, nitrogen and carbon was investigated as a function of discharge voltage using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. With an increase in discharge voltage both the C 1s and N 1s spectra shift to lower binding energy due to the formation of C--Si and N--Si bonds. The Si--C--N bonds were observed in the deconvolved C ls and N ls spectra. The X-ray diffractometer （XRD） results show that there were no crystals in the films. The thickness of the films was approximately 1-2 μm with scanning electron microscopy （SEM）.

基于S-PIN二极管的频率可重构缝隙芯片天线研究

为了实现高度集成化的片上可重构天线系统,利用硅基固态等离子体表面PIN(S-PIN)二极管技术,设计了一种C—Ku波段频率可重构的领结型缝隙芯片天线。文中讨论了利用S-PIN二极管作为芯片天线频率可重构部件的设计标准,并对S-PIN二极管的结构参数进行了分析。通过控制S-PIN二极管的截止/导通状态,提出的缝隙芯片天线可以实现从6.7 GHz到17.97 GHz的工作频率可重构,增益分别为4.63 dBi和3.4 dBi。在实际的流片和测试过程中发现,文中研制的S-PIN二极管具有良好的伏安特性。此外,固态等离子体天线工作在C波段和Ku波段时的实际中心工作频点分别位于6.6 GHz和17.9 GHz,与仿真结果相比具有良好的一致性,验证了S-PIN二极管在制造频率可重构芯片天线方面的潜力。

Interpretation of Dark Matter and Quark-Gluon Plasma: The Generation of the Periodic Table Elements and Its Phase Diagram: A Novel Millennium Power Plant

This paper presents a novel physical interpretation of the state of matter of the quark-gluon as the most fundamental building blocks in nature. Such a model is derived based on the assumption that dark matter and dark energy behave as a perfect ideal fluid at extremely high temperature. By the virtue of Boltzmann constant of the ideal gas law and NASA’s Cosmic Microwave Background Explorer (CMB) which estimate that the space has an average temperature close to 2.7251 Kelvin, then the equivalent mass-energy of the fundamental particle of the dark matter/dark energy is determined. Moreover, assuming a uniform space dark energy/dark matter density, then the critical temperature at which the dark matter has a unity entity per volume is identified as 64 × 1012 K. The calculated critical temperature of the quark-gluon plasma is found to be proportional to the temperature generated by colliding heavy ions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN). Moreover, the individual critical temperatures of the quark-gluon plasma matter at which the elements of the Periodic Table are generated are explicitly determined. The generation temperature trend of the elements of the Periodic Table groups and Periods is then demonstrated. Accordingly, the phase diagram of the quark-gluon state matter is proposed. Finally, a new model of quark-gluon power generation plant is proposed and aims to serve humanity with new energy sources in the new millennium.