Diagnostic Value of the Padua Score Combined with Thrombotic Biomarker Tissue Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (tPAI-1) Detection for the Risk of Deep Vein Thrombosis in Patients with Pulmonary Heart Disease

This study explores the diagnostic value of combining the Padua score with the thrombotic biomarker tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(tPAI-1)for assessing the risk of deep vein thrombosis(DVT)in patients with pulmonary heart disease.These patients often exhibit symptoms similar to venous thrombosis,such as dyspnea and bilateral lower limb swelling,complicating differential diagnosis.The Padua Prediction Score assesses the risk of venous thromboembolism(VTE)in hospitalized patients,while tPAI-1,a key fibrinolytic system inhibitor,indicates a hypercoagulable state.Clinical data from hospitalized patients with cor pulmonale were retrospectively analyzed.ROC curves compared the diagnostic value of the Padua score,tPAI-1 levels,and their combined model for predicting DVT risk.Results showed that tPAI-1 levels were significantly higher in DVT patients compared to non-DVT patients.The Padua score demonstrated a sensitivity of 82.61%and a specificity of 55.26%at a cutoff value of 3.The combined model had a significantly higher AUC than the Padua score alone,indicating better discriminatory ability in diagnosing DVT risk.The combination of the Padua score and tPAI-1 detection significantly improves the accuracy of diagnosing DVT risk in patients with pulmonary heart disease,reducing missed and incorrect diagnoses.This study provides a comprehensive assessment tool for clinicians,enhancing the diagnosis and treatment of patients with cor pulmonale complicated by DVT.Future research should validate these findings in larger samples and explore additional thrombotic biomarkers to optimize the predictive model.

Association of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 4G/5G promoter polymorphism with recurrent cerebral infarction in China’s North Jiangsu Province

BACKGROUND： Many international studies have shown that plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 （PAl-l） 4G/5G promoter polymorphism does not increase the risk for cerebral infarction. OBJECTIVE： Using PCR methodology and agarose electrophoresis to detect PAI-1 4G/5G promoter polymorphism in patients with recurrent cerebral infarction in the North Jiangsu Province of China, and to compare results with healthy subjects and patients with first-occurrence cerebral infarction in the same region. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： Non-randomized, concurrent, control trial. A total of 122 cerebral infarction patients were admitted to Xuzhou Medical College Hospital＇s Department of Neurology and Xuzhou Central Hospital＇s Department of Neurology between July 2003 and August 2006. PARTICIPANTS： The patients consisted of 63 males and 59 females, aged （62 ± 10） years. They were divided into first-occurrence （n = 58） and recurrence （n = 64） groups. In addition, 50 healthy subjects that underwent physical examination in the outpatient department, including 26 males and 24 females, aged （60 ±12） years, were selected as controls. METHODS AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： PAl-1 4G/5G promoter polymorphism was detected and analyzed using PCR methodology and agarose electrophoresis. RESULTS： Significant differences were determined in terms of genotypic frequency and allele frequency of PAI-1 4G/5G promoter polymorphism, in patients with first-occurrence or recurrent cerebral infarction, when compared with healthy subjects （P 〈 0.05）. There was, however, no significant difference between the first-occurrence and recurrence groups （P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION： PAl- 1 4G/5G promoter polymorphism is genetic risk factor for cerebral infarction in China. However, it may be associated with recurrence of cerebral infarction in patients from the North Jiangsu Province of China.

Study on Effect of Different Dosages of Ligustrazine on Level of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Activity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Objective: To observe the effect of different dosages of ligustrazine (LG) on the level of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) activity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: Ninety cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus inpatients were selected, and randomly divided into LG small dosage group (SDG), LG large dosage group (LDG) and control group. The 120 mg LG, 400 mg LG and normal saline 250 ml were given through intravenous dripping respectively, once daily, 20 days as one treatment course. Before and after treatment, all the patients had their fasting blood taken for PAI-1 and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) assessment test to perform the comparative study. Results:Seventy-three out of the 90 patients completed the observation course, the PAI-1 activity of three groups after treatment all lowered compared with that before treatment, and the difference between groups was also significant (all P<0. 01). After treatment the PAI-1 level of SDG and LDG of LG were all markedly lowered (all P<0. 01), the LDG's lowering was more evident than that of SDG, and comparison between these two groups of patients showed significant difference (P<0. 01). Although in the control group there was some difference between before and after treatment, it was not so significant like the above-mentioned two groups (P = 0. 0140). No adverse reaction occurred in the 3 groups during the observation period. Conclusion:LG could safely and effectively lower type 2 diabetes mellitus patient's plasma PAI-1 activity level, and LDG of LG proved to be particularly effective.

Research on the correlation of serum plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 level to vascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with overweight or obesity

Objective:To explore the relationship between serum plasminogen activator inhibitor(PAI-1)level and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus(T2DM)accompanied by overweight or obesity by observing not only the changes of PAI-1 level in T2DM patients with overweight or obesity,but also glucose and lipid metabolism related indicators,the changes of the inflammatory cytokines secreted by adipocytes,and then making an analysis on the correlation to PAI-1.Methods:36 cases of healthy examinees were selected as normal control group(NC group),and the experimental group can be divided into T2DM group(54 cases),Overweight/Obesity group(35 cases)and T2DM+Overweight/Obesity group(48 cases).Glucose and lipid metabolism related indicators such as fasting blood glucose(FBG),triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c),fasting insulin(FINS),insulin resistance index(IR),body weight index(BMI)and inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α)and PAI-1 were observed and compared between groups,and then made an analysis to explore the correlation of these factors to PAI-1.Results:(1)Compared with NC group,the levels of FBG,HbA1c,FINS and IR were increased in T2DM group,and the difference was of statistical significance.However,there was no statistically significant difference in TG,TC,LDL-C and BMI between NC group and T2DM group;the levels of FINS,IR,TG,LDL-C,TC and BMI were elevated in Overweight/Obesity group,and the difference was of statistical significance.However,there was no statistically significant difference in FBG and HbA1c;the levels of FBG,HbA1c,FINS,IR,TG,LDL-C,TC and BMI were up-regulated in T2DM+Overweight/Obesity group,and the difference was of statistical significance.Compared with T2DM group,the levels of TG,TC,LDL-C and BMI were increased in Overweight/Obesity group,and the difference was of statistical significance,however,the levels of FBG,HbA1c,FINS and IR were decreased,and the difference was statistically significant;The levels of FINS,IR,TG,TC,LDL-C and BMI were elevated in T2DM+Overweight/Obesity group,and the difference was of statistical significance,however,there was no statistically significant difference in FBG and HbA1c.Compared with Overweight/Obesity group,the levels of FBG,FINS,IR,HbA1c and LDL-C were increased in T2DM+Overweight/Obesity group,and the difference was of statistical significance.However,the difference in TG,TC and BMI was not statistically significant.(2)Compared with NC group,the levels of IL-6,TNF-αand PAI-1 were increased in T2DM group,Overweight/Obesity group and T2DM+Overweight/Obesity group,and the difference was statistically significant.Compared with T2DM group,the levels of IL-6 and TNF-αwere elevated in Overweight/Obesity group,and the difference was of statistical significance,but there was no statistically significant difference in PAI-1;the levels of IL-6,TNF-αand PAI-1 were up-regulated in T2DM+Overweight/Obesity group,and the difference was statistically significant.Compared with Overweight/Obesity group,there was no statistically significant difference in IL-6 and TNF-αbetween T2DM+Overweight/Obesity group and Overweight/Obesity group,but the level of PAI-1 was increased in T2DM+Overweight/Obesity group,and the difference was of statistical significance.(3)Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis showed that HbA1c,IR,TG,BMI,IL-6 and TNF-αwere independently associated with the level of PAI-1(all p<.05).Conclusions:(1)The level of PAI-1 is higher in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with overweight or obesity than that in patients only with type 2 diabetes mellitus,and it is one of causes that result in vascular complications.(2)The increase in the level of PAI-1 is considered to be associated with IL-6 and TNF-αsecreted by adipocytes.

The plasminogen activating system in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease

Dementia is a clinical syndrome that affects approximately 47 million people worldwide and is characterized by progressive and irreversible decline of cognitive,behavioral and sesorimotor functions.Alzheimer’s disease(AD)accounts for approximately 60–80%of all cases of dementia,and neuropathologically is characterized by extracellular deposits of insoluble amyloid-β(Aβ)and intracellular aggregates of hyperphosphorylated tau.Significantly,although for a long time it was believed that the extracellular accumulation of Aβwas the culprit of the symptoms observed in these patients,more recent studies have shown that cognitive decline in people suffering this disease is associated with soluble Aβ-induced synaptic dysfunction instead of the formation of insoluble Aβ-containing extracellular plaques.These observations are translationally relevant because soluble Aβ-induced synaptic dysfunction is an early event in AD that precedes neuronal death,and thus is amenable to therapeutic interventions to prevent cognitive decline before the progression to irreversible brain damage.The plasminogen activating(PA)system is an enzymatic cascade that triggers the degradation of fibrin by catalyzing the conversion of plasminogen into plasmin via two serine proteinases:tissue-type plasminogen activator(tPA)and urokinase-type plasminogen activator(uPA).Experimental evidence reported over the last three decades has shown that tPA and uPA play a role in the pathogenesis of AD.However,these studies have focused on the ability of these plasminogen activators to trigger plasmin-induced cleavage of insoluble Aβ-containing extracellular plaques.In contrast,recent evidence indicates that activity-dependent release of uPA from the presynaptic terminal of cerebral cortical neurons protects the synapse from the deleterious effects of soluble Aβvia a mechanism that does not require plasmin generation or the cleavage of Aβfibrils.Below we discuss the role of the PA system in the pathogenesis of AD and the translational relevance of data published to this date.

Clinical Value of ABCB1 and PAI-1 Gene Polymorphisms in Predicting Glucocorticoid-induced Adverse Reactions in Nephrotic Syndrome Patients

Objective Glucocorticoid(GC)-induced adverse reactions(ARs)have been extensively studied due to their potential impact on patients’health.This study aimed to examine the potential correlation between two polymorphisms[adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette B1(ABCB1)C3435T and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1)4G/5G]and various GC-induced ARs in nephrotic syndrome(NS)patients.Methods In this study,513 NS patients who underwent GC treatment were enrolled.Then,the patients were divided into two groups based on ABCB1 C3435T and PAI-14G/5G genotyping,and intergroup comparisons of clinicopathological data and GC-induced ARs were performed.Univariate and multivariate logistic analyses were subsequently conducted to identify potential risk factors for GC-induced ARs,and a nomogram was subsequently established and validated via the area under the ROC curve(AUC),calibration curve and decision curve analysis(DCA).Results We identified ABCB1 C3435T as an independent risk factor for the development of steroid-associated avascular necrosis of the femoral head(SANFH)(OR:2.191,95%CI:1.258–3.813,P=0.006)but not as a risk factor for the occurrence of steroid diabetes mellitus(S-DM).On the other hand,PAI-14G/5G was identified as an independent risk factor for the development of both SANFH(OR:2.198,95%CI:1.267–3.812,P=0.005)and S-DM(OR:2.080,95%CI:1.166–3.711,P=0.013).Notably,no significant correlation was found between the two gene polymorphisms and other GC-induced ARs.In addition,two nomograms were established and validated to demonstrate strong calibration capability and clinical utility.Conclusion Assessing ABCB1 C3435T and PAI-14G/5G before steroid treatment in NS patients could be useful for identifying patients at a high risk of developing SANFH and S-DM.

Role of connective growth factor in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and fibronectin expression induced by transforming growth factor β1 in renal tubular cells

Background Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) contributes greatly to renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis, which is the final event leading to end-stage renal failure. This study was designed to investigate the effects of CTGF antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) on the expressions of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and fibronectin in renal tubular cells induced by transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in addition to the role of CTGF in the accumulation and degradation of renal extracellular matrix (ECM).Methods A human proximal tubular epithelial cell line (HKC) was cultured in vitro. Cationic lipid-mediated CTGF antisense ODNs were transfected into HKC cells. After HKC cells were stimulated with TGF-β1 (5 μg/L), the mRNA levels of PAI-1 and fibronectin were measured by RT-PCR. Intracellular PAI-1 protein synthesis was assessed by flow cytometry. The secreted PAI-1 and fibronectin in the medium were determined by Western blot and ELISA, respectively.Results TGF-β1 was found to induce tubular CTGF, PAI-1, and fibronectin mRNA expression. PAI-1 and fibronectin mRNA expression induced by TGF-β1 was significantly inhibited by CTGF antisense ODNs. CTGF antisense ODNs also inhibited intracellular PAI-1 protein synthesis and lowered the levels of PAI-1 and fibronectin protein secreted into the medium.Conclusions CTGF may play a crucial role in the accumulation and degradation of excessive ECM during tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and transfecting CTGF antisense ODNs may be an effective way to prevent renal fibrosis.

Effects of simvastatin on cigarette smoke extract induced tissue-type plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells

Background Cigarette smoking has an influence on both arterial-type and venous-type thrombosis. However, little is known about the direct effect of cigarette smoke extract （CSE） on fibrinolytic activity of human umbilical vein endothelial cells （HUVECs）. Most recently, simvastatin has been marked in its effect on endothelial cells protection and anticoagulation. In this study, the effect of CSE on the expression of tissue-type plasminogen activator （t-PA） and plasminogen activator inhibitor-l（PAl-1） in HUVECs was addressed. The role of simvastatin in CSE-induced fibrinolytic activity changes was investigated as well. Methods The fourth to fifth generation of HUVECs were incubated respectively with 0, 5%, 10% and 20% CSE for 6 hours or exposed to 5% CSE for 0, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 hours to determine the expression changes of t-PA and PAl-1 protein. Meanwhile, cells were also accordingly exposed either to 5% CSE alone or simvastatin pre-treated and 5% CSE for 24 hours to assess the role of simvastatin in CSE-induced t-PA and PAl-1 protein and mRNA expression in HUVECs. RT-PCR and ELISA techniques were used for detecting the t-PA or PAl-1 mRNA and protein. Results After 6-hour exposure to CSE, the expression levels of t-PA protein in 10% and 20% CSE-treated groups reduced significantly （（0.0365±0.0083） ng/ml, （0.0255±0.0087） ng/ml） when compared with that of control group （（0.0660±0.0120） ng/ml） （P 〈0.05）. In contrast, the levels of PAl-1 protein in 5%, 10% and 20% CSE-treated groups increased remarkably （（13.3225±0.5680） ng/ml, （14.2675±1.5380） ng/ml, （14.4292±1.6230） ng/ml） when compared with that of control group （（8.5193_±0.7537）ng/ml） （P〈0.05）. After stimulation with 5% CSE for 0, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 hours, the levels of PAl-1 protein increased over time and reached the peak at 24 hours （（14.6400±1.0651） ng/ml）, which was significantly higher than that of control group （（12.0656±0.6148） ng/ml） （P 〈0.05）. Additionally, CSE could up-regulate PAl-1 expression at both the mRNA and the protein levels. The levels of PAl-1 mRNA and protein increased significantly in 5% CSE-treated group （（8.8030±0.4745） ng/ml, （1.8155±0.0412） ng/ml） compared with those of control groups （（5.0588±0.2315） ng/ml, （1.3030±0.0647） ng/ml） （P 〈0.01）, and decreased after 2-hour simvastatin pre-treatment （（5.4875±0.3166） ng/ml, （1.3975-±0.0297） ng/ml） （P 〈0.01）. No significant difference was found at the levels of t-PA protein and mRNA （P 〉0.05）. Conclusions CSE inhibits the fibrinolytic activity of HUVECs in vitro. Simvastatin plays a protective role in CSE-induced fibrinolytic malfunction.

Rhein inhibits transforming growth factor β1 induced plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in endothelial cells

Objectives To investigate the effect of rhein on endothelial plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) mRNA expression and protein production induced by transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), and to explore the mechanism of the protective action of rhein on endothelial cells. Methods A human umbilical endothelium derived cell line (ECV-304) from ATCC was used in this study. The PAI-1 mRNA expression and protein synthesis in the endothelial cells were detected by Northern blot and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. The activity of phospho-p44/p42 MAP kinase induced by TGFβ1 was determined by immunoprecipitation analysis and western blot. Results TGFβ1 rapidly increased PAI-1 mRNA expression in the endothelial cells, and this effect lasted at least 24 hours. The upregulation of PAI-1 mRNA expression induced by TGFβ1 in endothelial cells was inhibited by rhein in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, rhein inhibited endothelial PAI-1 protein production. Further study revealed that rhein had a significant inhibitory effect on the activity of phospho-p44/p42 MAP kinase induced by TGFβ1 in human endothelial cells. Conclusions Our results showed that rhein may have a protective effect on the endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting overexpression of PAI-1, indicating a way for the treatment of vascular diseases.

Pioglitazone suppresses advanced glycation end product-induced expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in vascular smooth muscle cells

glycation end products （AGEs） play an important role in vascular complications of diabetes, including fibrinolytic abnormalities. Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma （PPARy） agonist, has recently been shown to reduce circulating plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 （PAI-1 ） levels in diabetes mellitus. In the present study, we investigated the effects of pioglitazone on the expression of local PAI-1 in rat vascular smooth muscle cells （VSMCs） induced by AGEs and the underlying mechanism. The result showed that AGEs could enhance the PAI-1 expression by 5.1-fold in mRNA and 2.7-fold in protein level, as evaluated by real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Pioglitazone was found to down-regulate the AGE-stimulated PAI-1 expression in VSMCs. However, these inhibitory effects were partially attenuated by the PPARy antagonist, GW9662. Furthermore, we found that AGEs induced a rapid increase in phosphorylation and activation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 （ERK1/2）. The ERK kinase inhibitor, U0126, partially prevented the induction of PAI-1 by AGEs. Moreover, pioglitazone was also found to inhibit the pbosphorylation of ERKI/2. Taken together, it was concluded that pioglitazone could inhibit AGE-induced PAI-1 expression, which was mediated by the ERK1/2 and PPARy pathways. Our findings suggested pioglitazone had a therapeutic potential in improving fibrinolytic activity, and consequently preventing thromboembolic complications of diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

PAI-1和ET-1在维持性血液透析患者动脉硬化中的作用

目的:探讨纤溶成分中I型纤溶酶原激活物抑制因子(plasminogen activator inhibitor-1,PAI-1)、组织型纤溶酶原激活因子(tissue-type plasminogen activator,t-PA)与内皮素-1(endothelin-1,ET-1)在慢性肾衰竭维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis,MHD)患者动脉硬化病变过程中所起的作用。方法:采用免疫组织化学与图像分析方法检测19例慢性肾衰竭MHD患者与11例对照组髂内动脉的血管壁病理改变与钙化程度,检测PAI-1,t-PA和ET-1在血管壁的表达情况;其中病例组按年龄分为40岁以上组(11人)和40岁以下组(8人),对照组均为40岁以下。收集所有研究对象的临床资料,包括年龄、性别、血液透析时间、血压、血尿素氮(blood urea nitrogen,BUN)、血肌酐(serum creatinine,SCr)等。结果:MHD患者与正常对照组比较,髂内动脉血管壁中膜厚度增加,中膜厚度/内径、中膜面积/内腔面积值均增大(P<0.05),钙化程度增加(P<0.05);在MHD患者不同年龄组间比较,40岁以上组比40岁以下组动脉血管壁中膜厚度增加,中膜厚度/内径值、中膜面积/内腔面积值均增大(P<0.05));血管壁中膜厚度与年龄、血压呈正相关(P<0.01);PAI-1,t-PA,ET-1在MHD患者髂内动脉管壁中较正常对照组的表达上调(P<0.05);PAI-1和ET-1在40岁以上组较40岁以下组的表达上调(P<0.05),t-PA在两组中的表达差异无统计学意义;PAI-1或ET-1的表达与年龄或血压呈正相关;t-PA的表达与年龄、血压无相关性(P>0.05)。PAI-1或ET-1的表达与中膜厚度或钙化程度呈正相关(P<0.05或P<0.01)。血液透析时间与血管壁中膜厚度、中膜厚度/内径、中膜面积/内腔面积值、钙化程度、PAI-1、t-PA以及ET-1的表达无相关性。结论:1)MHD患者存在动脉硬化;40岁以上的MHD患者动脉硬化程度较40岁以下者更为严重;且随着血压的增高,动脉硬化程度加重。2)PAI-1和ET-1的异常表达在MHD患者动脉硬化进程中起重要作用,t-PA在MHD患者动脉硬化进程中作用不明显。3)PAI-1或ET-1的表达与中膜厚度或钙化程度呈正相关,提示二者可能有助于临床上对MHD患者动脉硬化程度的判断。4)血液透析治疗时间可能不是加速动脉硬化的潜在因素。

反义纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1 RNA对家兔动脉粥样硬化形成的影响

为探讨纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂 1反义RNA对家兔血浆纤溶活性及纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂 1的表达、血脂及对动脉粥样硬化斑块形成的影响 ,通过聚合酶链反应扩增纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂 1第二外显子 ,将聚合酶链反应产物纯化克隆后连入真核细胞表达载体pcDNA3.1,构建纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂 1反义RNA重组质粒。将pcDNA3.1 反义纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂 1重组质粒注射到哈尔滨大白兔腹部皮下组织。通过发色底物法测定家兔血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物及纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂 1活性变化 ,通过免疫组织化学方法检测组织中纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂 1表达的改变。测定家兔血脂变化 ,病理检测其动脉粥样硬化程度。结果显示 ,应用反义纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂 1RNA重组质粒的家兔血浆纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂 1活性降低 ,组织型纤溶酶原激活物活性升高 ,纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂 1蛋白表达于内皮细胞 ,而在平滑肌细胞中未表达 (动脉粥样硬化对照组中内皮细胞、平滑肌细胞和泡沫细胞内均有表达 ) ;应用反义纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂 1RNA重组质粒的家兔胆固醇和甘油三酯明显低于动脉粥样硬化对照组 (96± 4 2mg L比 12 3± 12mg L ,15± 10mg L比 4 6± 2 9mg L) ,且动脉粥样硬化程度亦轻于后者。以上提示 ,反义纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂

氯沙坦对兔腹主动脉内皮损伤后过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体-γ与纤溶酶原激活物抑制因子-1表达的影响

目的:观察氯沙坦对兔血管内膜损伤后过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体-γ(PPARγ)及纤溶酶原激活物抑制因子-1(PAI-1)表达的影响,探讨氯沙坦预防动脉粥样硬化的可能机制和作用。方法:雄性新西兰大白兔24只,随机分为3组:普通饲料喂养组(G1组)、高脂饮食喂饲+动脉内皮损伤组(G2组)及高脂饮食喂饲+动脉内皮损伤+氯沙坦治疗组(G3组)。G2、G3组持续给予胆固醇喂养2周后行腹主动脉内膜剥脱术,G3组内膜剥脱术后第1天开始口服氯沙坦10 mg/kg。3组均于6周后取兔腹主动脉行病理形态学观察和免疫组织化学分析PPARγ和PAI-1蛋白表达,RT-PCR方法检测PPARγ和PAI-1 mRNA的表达。结果:高胆固醇喂养6周后,3组之间内膜厚度(IT)、内膜厚度与中膜厚度比(IT/MT)、内膜面积(IA)、内膜面积与中膜面积比(IA/MA)比较,差异均有统计学意义(F分别为48.700、69.100、133.200和97.500,P均<0.001)。3组之间PPARγ和PAI-1蛋白阳性表达率比较,差异均有统计学意义(F分别为13.800、26.500、9.200和17.400,P均<0.05)。结论:氯沙坦可抑制血管损伤后的内膜增生并改善血管重构,其机制可能与调节PPARγ,从而影响PAI-1水平,改善动脉粥样硬化有关。

PAI-1与动脉粥样硬化

PAI-1作为纤溶酶原活化过程的重要调节者,不仅影响血栓形成,而且还参与平滑肌细胞增殖迁移和血管重塑等病理过程,与动脉粥样硬化的发生、发展密切相关.

卡托普利对家兔动脉粥样硬化纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1基因表达的影响

目的 研究卡托普利对家兔动脉粥样硬化纤溶酶原激活物抑制物 - 1(PAI- 1)基因表达的影响。方法 37只家兔随机分为正常对照组、胆固醇喂养组、卡托普利组 ,饲养 12周。取一段靠近升主动脉起始部的动脉做常规病理切片 ,一近端胸主动脉抽提总RNA ,应用逆转录多聚酶链式反应测定PAI- 1mRNA的表达。结果 卡托普利尽管不影响血浆总胆固醇水平 ,但能抑制动脉粥样硬化的形成。而 3组动脉壁PAI - 1mRNA的相对值分别为 0 5 10± 0 0 75、1 32 1± 0 0 5 6、0 6 87± 0 119,相互间有统计学差异 (P <0 0 1)。结论 卡托普利能抑制动脉粥样硬化时PAI- 1基因的过度表达 ,这种作用可能是血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂治疗效益的重要机制之一。

PAI-1、Fg与2型糖尿病患者颈动脉硬化的研究

目的分析循环血中纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1(PAI-1)、纤维蛋白原(Fg)在2型糖尿病人群及非糖尿病人群中的差异。探讨PAI-1、Fg与2型糖尿病患者颈动脉硬化的相关性。方法对158例心内科住院患者及42名健康体检者检查血糖、空腹胰岛素、血脂、尿酸(UA)、血常规、凝血三项、PAI-1、Fg,测量血压、腰围(WC)、身高和体重,并计算体重指数(BMI);通过颈动脉超声测量颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)。分析PAI-1、Fg与2型糖尿病患者IMT的相关性。结果与正常对照组人群相比,2型糖尿病组患者PAI-1、Fg水平明显升高(P<0.05),2型糖尿病合并颈动脉硬化组患者PAI-1、Fg水平均显著高于2型糖尿病无颈动脉硬化组患者及正常对照组人群(P<0.05)。多元回归分析显示,2型糖尿病患者的血浆PAI-1、Fg水平与颈动脉IMT独立相关,提示体内PAI-1、Fg水平的高低与2型糖尿病患者颈动脉硬化程度密切相关。结论 PAI-1、Fg水平升高可能是2型糖尿病合并大血管病变的危险因素。

肿瘤坏死因子α对人脐静脉内皮细胞纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1表达及转录调控的影响

探讨肿瘤坏死因子α对人脐静脉内皮细胞纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂 1活性和mRNA表达的影响 ,以及纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂 1基因 5’上游序列的调控元件在该基因转录调控中的作用。体外培养人脐静脉内皮细胞 ,加入不同浓度肿瘤坏死因子α作用不同时间。采用发色底物法测定纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂 1活性 ,Northern印迹分析法测定纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂 1mRNA水平。基因重组技术构建四个含人纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂 1基因不同长度5’上游序列的荧光素酶报告基因质粒 ,瞬时转染进入内皮细胞 ,并测定荧光素酶的表达情况。运用聚合酶链反应和序列分析法对构建质粒上的三个AP 1元件分别进行定点突变。结果发现 ,不同浓度肿瘤坏死因子α作用人脐静脉内皮细胞后 ,纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂 1活性和mRNA表达量均明显增高 ;当转染质粒含有纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂 1基因上游序列 - 15 0 9 +90和 - 82 3 +90时 ,肿瘤坏死因子α使转染细胞的荧光素酶表达量比对照组明显增高 ;当转染质粒含有 - 5 5 3 +90和 - 4 7 +90时 ,肿瘤坏死因子α的诱导作用不明显。在纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂 15’上游序列的三个AP 1元件突变后 ,肿瘤坏死因子α的诱导作用明显降低。结果提示 ,肿瘤坏死因子α增强血管内皮细胞纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂 1活性与mRNA表达 ;?

肿瘤坏死因子-α和血浆纤溶酶原激活抑制物-1与动脉粥硬化相关性研究

目的探讨脂肪组织中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、血浆纤溶酶原激活抑制物-1(PAI-1)mRNA转录量和蛋白表达量与动脉粥样硬化的相关性,从而揭示脂肪组织中TNF-α、PAI-1用于动脉粥样硬化分型的临床价值。方法选取60例动脉粥样硬化患者,按照病灶类型分为A组(I型病灶)、B组(Ⅱ型病灶)、C组(Ⅲ型病灶)、D组(Ⅳ型病灶)、E组(V型病灶)和F组(Ⅵ型病灶)。使用RT-PCR检测6组患者脂肪组织中TNF-α、PAI-1mRNA转录量(以β-actin为内参),使用Western Blot检测6组脂肪组织中TNF-α、PAI-1蛋白表达量(以β-actin为内参)。分析TNF-α、PAI-1mRNA转录量和蛋白表达量之间的相关性。结果随着动脉粥样硬化病灶严重程度的增加,TNF-α、PAI-1mRNA转录和蛋白表达水平均显著增加(P均<0.05),且TNF-α、PAI-1mRNA转录和蛋白表达水平具有显著正相关性(r=0.9488,P<0.01;r=0.9659,P<0.01)。结论脂肪组织TNF-α、PAI-1mRNA转录水平和蛋白表达水平与动脉粥样硬化病灶分型具有正相关性,且TNF-α和PAI-1呈正相关性。脂肪组织TNF-α、PAI-1检测对动脉粥样硬化病灶分型具有诊断价值。。

卡托普利和缬沙坦对兔动脉粥样硬化斑块中血管紧张素Ⅱ及纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1表达的影响

目的观察兔动脉粥样硬化斑块局部血管紧张素Ⅱ和纤溶酶原激活物抑制物1的表达水平,并观察卡托普利和缬沙坦对其的影响。方法雄性健康新西兰兔随机分为高脂饮食组、卡托普利组、缬沙坦组和正常对照组。饲养10周后,取动脉血用发色底物法测定血浆纤溶酶原激活物抑制物1活性,放射免疫法测定血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ含量;取主动脉组织作病理形态学观察,免疫组织化学方法观察动脉粥样硬化斑块中血管紧张素Ⅱ及纤溶酶原激活物抑制物1的表达。结果与正常对照组相比,高脂饮食组血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ含量显著增高(494.86±67.98 ng/L比44.21±18.34 ng/L,P<0.01),血浆纤溶酶原激活物抑制物1活性显著提高(9.38±1.55 kAU/L比6.67±0.47 kAU/L,P<0.01),动脉粥样硬化斑块中血管紧张素Ⅱ及纤溶酶原激活物抑制物1阳性表达显著增高(46.97%±14.32%比4.17%±1.01%和48.50%±13.46%比1.33%±0.52%,P<0.01);与高脂饮食组相比,卡托普利组和缬沙坦组血浆纤溶酶原激活物抑制物1活性明显降低(7.23±0.46 kAU/L和7.42±0.59 kAU/L比9.38±1.55 kAU/L,P<0.05),斑块中血管紧张素Ⅱ阳性表达显著降低(26.30%±5.00%和27.83%±7.30%比46.97%±14.32%,P<0.05),斑块中纤溶酶原激活物抑制物1阳性表达显著降低(20.37%±8.23%和22.50%±7.06%比48.50%±13.46%,P<0.05)。斑块中纤溶酶原激活物抑制物1表达与血管紧张素Ⅱ表达呈正相关(r=0.796,P<0.01)。结论在高脂饮食所致动脉粥样硬化斑块中血管紧张素Ⅱ和纤溶酶原激活物抑制物1的表达增加,且二者呈正相关;卡托普利和缬沙坦减轻动脉粥样硬化斑块中血管紧张素Ⅱ和纤溶酶原激活物抑制物1的表达。

高血压病患者甘油三酯与PAI-1及其基因4G/5G多态性的关系

目的 探讨在高血压病患者中甘油三酯与纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂 1(PAI 1)及其基因多态性的关系。方法 随机收集上海地区汉族人种原发性高血压病例 2 4 0例 (男 12 0例、女 12 0例 ,年龄范围 33～ 89岁 ,平均 65岁 ) ,血浆PAI 1由ELISA法测得 ,PAI 14G/ 5G基因型分析采用等位基因特异性寡核苷酸探针斑点杂交方法。结果 ①甘油三酯与血浆PAI 1水平呈显著正相关 (P <0 0 1) ,甘油三酯是血浆PAI 1水平的独立影响因素 (P =0 0 0 1,血酯在PAI 1基因 4G/ 5G多态性的分布无统计学意义 (P >0 0 5)。②血浆PAI 1水平与PAI 1基因 4G/ 5G多态性相关 ( (P =0 0 0 1) ,PAI 1基因型为血浆PAI 1水平的独立影响因素。结论 在高血压病患者中 ,甘油三酯与PAI 1呈显著正相关 ,并且甘油三酯是血浆PAI 1水平的独立影响因素。