An efficient approach for the equivalent linearization of frame structures with plastic hinges under nonstationary seismic excitations

An efficient approach is proposed for the equivalent linearization of frame structures with plastic hinges under nonstationary seismic excitations.The concentrated plastic hinges,described by the Bouc-Wen model,are assumed to occur at the two ends of a linear-elastic beam element.The auxiliary differential equations governing the plastic rotational displacements and their corresponding hysteretic displacements are replaced with linearized differential equations.Then,the two sets of equations of motion for the original nonlinear system can be reduced to an expanded-order equivalent linearized equation of motion for equivalent linear systems.To solve the equation of motion for equivalent linear systems,the nonstationary random vibration analysis is carried out based on the explicit time-domain method with high efficiency.Finally,the proposed treatment method for initial values of equivalent parameters is investigated in conjunction with parallel computing technology,which provides a new way of obtaining the equivalent linear systems at different time instants.Based on the explicit time-domain method,the key responses of interest of the converged equivalent linear system can be calculated through dimension reduction analysis with high efficiency.Numerical examples indicate that the proposed approach has high computational efficiency,and shows good applicability to weak nonlinear and medium-intensity nonlinear systems.

Microstructure and forming mechanism of metals subjected to ultrasonic vibration plastic forming: A mini review

Compared with traditional plastic forming,ultrasonic vibration plastic forming has the advantages of reducing the forming force and improving the surface quality of the workpiece.This technology has a very broad application prospect in industrial manufactur-ing.Researchers have conducted extensive research on the ultrasonic vibration plastic forming of metals and laid a deep foundation for the development of this field.In this review,metals were classified according to their crystal structures.The effects of ultrasonic vibration on the microstructure of face-centered cubic,body-centered cubic,and hexagonal close-packed metals during plastic forming and the mech-anism underlying ultrasonic vibration forming were reviewed.The main challenges and future research direction of the ultrasonic vibra-tion plastic forming of metals were also discussed.

Anelasticity to plasticity transition in a model two-dimensional amorphous solid

Anelasticity, as an intrinsic property of amorphous solids, plays a significant role in understanding their relaxation and deformation mechanism. However, due to the lack of long-range order in amorphous solids, the structural origin of anelasticity and its distinction from plasticity remain elusive. In this work, using frozen matrix method, we study the transition from anelasticity to plasticity in a two-dimensional model glass. Three distinct mechanical behaviors, namely,elasticity, anelasticity, and plasticity, are identified with control parameters in the amorphous solid. Through the study of finite size effects on these mechanical behaviors, it is revealed that anelasticity can be distinguished from plasticity.Anelasticity serves as an intrinsic bridge connecting the elasticity and plasticity of amorphous solids. Additionally, it is observed that anelastic events are localized, while plastic events are subextensive. The transition from anelasticity to plasticity is found to resemble the entanglement of long-range interactions between element excitations. This study sheds light on the fundamental nature of anelasticity as a key property of element excitations in amorphous solids.

Topological and Shape Optimization of Flexure Hinges for Designing Compliant Mechanisms Using the Level Set Method

A flexure hinge is a major component in designing compliant mechanisms that o ers unique possibilities in a wide range of application fields in which high positioning accuracy is required. Although various flexure hinges with di erent configurations have been successively proposed, they are often designed based on designers' experiences and inspirations. This study presents a systematic method for topological optimization of flexure hinges by using the level set method. Optimization formulations are developed by considering the functional requirements and geometrical constraints of flexure hinges. The functional requirements are first constructed by maximizing the compliance in the desired direction while minimizing the compliances in the other directions. The weighting sum method is used to construct an objective function in which a self-adjust method is used to set the weighting factors. A constraint on the symmetry of the obtained configuration is developed. Several numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method. The obtained results reveal that the design of a flexure hinge starting from the topology level can yield more choices for compliant mechanism design and obtain better designs that achieve higher performance.

Analysis of fluoxetine-induced plasticity mechanisms as a strategy for understanding plasticity related neural disorders

Fluoxetine hydrochloride,better known for its commercial name Prozac,is one of the most widely prescribed antidepressant drugs all over the world.This drug was considered a＂breakthrough drug＂for the treatment of depression because of its very high selectivity as a serotonin reuptake inhibitor and because it presented a lower side-effectprofile than previous drugs （Wong et al., 2005）.

Analysis of the Micro-Rotation Compliant Mechanism Based on the Corner-Filleted Flexure Hinges

The purpose of this thesis is to derive the flexibility formula of the corner-filleted flexure hinge easily and conveniently and use it to design a micro-rotation compliant mechanism. Firstly,we get the corner-filleted flexure hinge flexibility formula by methods of symmetry transformation and coordinates translation. The correctness of this formula is validated on the basis of the finite element method and under the premise that the effects of shear stress are taken into consideration. Then a micro-rotation compliant mechanism is designed in accordance with the corner-filleted flexure hinge,and the deduction and analysis of its working moment/rigidity are conducted. Moreover,this theoretical formula is proved to be accurate and reliable through the finite element analysis and the experimental verification,based on which the structural design and optimization can be made on the rotating part of a micro adjustment device. The results illustrate that designing and optimizing the structures by the analysis model is convenient and reliable so that complicated 3D modeling and finite element analysis are not needed.

Simulation optimal design of a compliant mechanism with circular notch flexure hinges based on the equivalent beam methodology

This paper presents an in-depth study of Equivalent beam model (EBM).Firstly three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis (FEA) model for circular flexure hinge developed by Zettl et al.was verified by the comparison with Smith's experimental results and the 3D FEA model was feasible within 5.5% error.Then the accuracy of Timoshenko short-beam due to shear force was verified based on finite element method.The results showed that the EBM has good accuracy within 5% error for 1≤r/t≤3.Finally the EBM methodology was applied for the simulation optimal design of a bridge-type compliant mechanism.The results showed that the EBM methodology has very high numerical efficiency and satisfactory accuracy for simulation optimal design of planar compliant mechanism with flexure hinges.

铝合金塑性成形粗晶现象的研究进展

铝合金经过热塑性变形或者塑性变形+热处理后,可能发生晶粒异常长大而形成粗晶。粗晶会大幅降低构件的力学性能、耐腐蚀性能和抗疲劳性能,因此必须得到有效控制。对铝合金塑性成形粗晶的研究主要集中在2×××、6×××、7×××系热处理可强化型铝合金以及5×××系热处理不可强化型铝合金,研究内容已经覆盖塑性成形工艺、热处理制度、微观组织演变、数值仿真模拟等方面。为了明晰铝合金塑性成形构件粗晶现象的研究现状,为相关研究提供参考,对铝合金塑性成形粗晶现象的研究进展进行了梳理。首先,分析了材料成分、变形温度、变形速度、固溶温度、固溶时间和模具结构对晶粒异常长大的影响;其次,从晶粒取向分布、应变诱导储能和第二相钉扎作用的角度总结了晶粒异常长大的机理;再次,归纳了包括改变坯料初始状态、合理的锻造技术和中间形变热处理等有效抑制粗晶产生的方法;最后对未来的研究方向进行了展望。

APP/ZB协效阻燃发泡木塑复合材料性能研究

为了拓宽发泡木塑复合材料(FWPC)的功能性,以沙柳木粉、高密度聚乙烯(PE-HD)为主要原料,纳米炭黑(Nano-CB)为导电填料,聚磷酸铵(APP)和硼酸锌(ZB)作为阻燃剂和抑烟成分进行复配,采用发泡工艺和模压法制备阻燃抗静电型发泡木塑复合材料。研究APP/ZB协效阻燃剂质量比对FWPC力学性能、阻燃抑烟性能及热稳定性能的影响。结果表明:当APP/ZB总加入量为20%,质量比为4∶1时,FWPC的各项性能相对较优,静曲强度、弹性模量、拉伸强度和冲击强度分别为30.11MPa、2636MPa、14.65MPa和3.72kJ/m^(2),氧指数达27.3%,属难燃级别;与单独加APP时相比,力学性能降低,烟释放速总量降低11.93%,CO产率峰值和平均CO产率分别降低80.6%和49.3%,总失重率从63.53%降至61.42%,热稳定性能提高;FWPC燃烧后炭层表面凹凸不平,复合材料的阻燃和抑烟性能得到提升。

弹塑性多孔介质流固耦合新理论:混合耦合理论

在全球气候变化和双碳政策的大背景下,多孔介质中固体的变形和流体的输运问题变得尤为重要。然而,在多孔介质中建立流固耦合模型仍面临的挑战之一是需要考虑跨越宏观尺度到纳米尺度的耦合作用。本文利用基于非平衡热力学的混合耦合理论,提出了一个弹塑性多孔介质流固耦合新模型,在同一个理论框架内研究了弹性变形、塑性变形和液体渗流之间跨尺度的耦合,考虑了耗散过程中的熵产,并利用Helmholtz自由能连接宏观尺度上的力学变形和纳米尺度上的液体输运之间的相互作用。在应力-应变关系中采用了弹塑性刚度系数以反映塑性的影响。同时,经典的达西定律扩展为可考虑固体的塑性变形。通过与文献中模型的比较,验证了该模型的有效性。最后,数值分析表明在多孔介质的流固耦合中塑性变形具有比较显著的影响。

蜂窝梁柱子结构抗连续性倒塌性能研究

目的研究蜂窝梁柱子结构的抗连续性倒塌性能,为工程应用提供设计依据。方法基于拆除构件法,应用ABAQUS有限元分析软件建立蜂窝梁柱子结构与实腹梁柱子结构模拟模型,研究在中柱失效作用下的结构性能,分析孔型、开孔率和首孔距离等参数对蜂窝梁柱子结构抗连续性倒塌性能的影响。结果蜂窝梁柱子结构相比于实腹梁柱子结构的峰值承载力增长64.26%,所对应的位移增长73.57%;蜂窝梁良好的成铰机制使悬链线效应发展更充分;孔型、开孔率、首孔距离对其破坏模式、峰值荷载、悬链线效应发展程度均具有一定影响。结论蜂窝梁柱子结构具有良好的抗连续性倒塌能力,孔型宜为圆形或六边形,开孔率宜取40%~60%,首孔距离宜取0.75~1.0倍梁截面高度。

油莎豆联合收获机合页筛片式升运装置设计与试验

针对油莎豆机械化收获过程中升运振动装置除杂效果不明显,导致油莎豆与土壤杂质等分离不彻底,漏土率较低,伤果率较高的问题,以及在升运输送过程中存在土壤堵塞、回带等问题,结合油莎豆果-土-秧团聚体特性,设计了一种合页筛片式升运装置,通过筛片折弯部分增大筛孔面积,对团聚体提供与链筛运动方向相同的推力,使合页式升运装置提高漏土效率且有效避免了回带现象。对其倾角和固定位置进行了分析和设计,运用EDEM进行仿真试验,以油莎豆链筛线速度、链筛板折弯高度、链筛振动频率为试验因素,以油莎豆团聚体漏土率和伤果率为试验指标,通过三因素三水平正交仿真试验,最终得到输送筛片最佳结构参数组合为:链筛线速度1.151 m/s、折弯高度27.779 mm、振频9.561 Hz,此时升运装置漏土率为96.524%、伤果率为2.439%。田间验证试验结果表明:当链筛线速度为1.2 m/s、折弯高度为28 mm、振频为9.5 Hz时,合页式升运装置平均漏土率为96.05%,平均伤果率为2.38%,与仿真试验所测结果基本一致,满足油莎豆升运链筛工作要求。

基于顶板结构断裂特征的煤矿结构充填关键位置确定方法

充填开采是控制岩层移动并降低地表沉降与环境损害的重要途径,而充填材料来源不足和充填成本高昂现成为制约井工煤矿充填开采推广应用的主要瓶颈。探寻重点区域的低充填率靶向充填新方法与配套技术是充填开采的研究热点之一。为解决上述问题,结合煤矿井下结构充填的学术思想,深入研究了顶板岩层断裂特征,明确了顶板岩层破断块体尺寸及铰接形态,识别了破断铰接块体主沉降区域,判定出结构充填的关键位置。结合关键位置确定方法,提出重点控制基本顶最大挠度位置,即板结构潜在张拉断裂位置(塑性铰发育位置)的“工字型”结构充填新方法。结合新阳矿岩层地质参数,借助FLAC^(3D)数值模拟软件,深入分析了工作面采宽和推进方向上顶板岩层内应力、竖直沉降、塑性区分布规律,揭示了不同方案下充填体稳定性演变特征。结果表明:“工字型”充填在节省充填用量的基础上,较垮落式开采减少初采期直接顶沉降量33.47%,与全部充填仅相差2.3%。同时,关键位置充填体能有效应对顶板回转下沉引起的应力集中,保持自身稳定性,实现对顶板的长效支撑。综合分析得到了新阳矿首采工作面初采期“工字型”结构充填最佳充填方案为中部条带长度72 m,宽度7 m,两侧条带长度18 m,宽度6 m,较全部充填可减少充填材料成本33.86万元。该方案形成的密闭空间为1980 m^(3),占总采出空间的44%,可用来储能或碳封存,助力实现零碳绿色开采,推动双碳目标的实现。

加强型翼缘-波纹腹板组合隔板贯通式节点抗震性能研究

为克服隔板贯通式节点易发生脆性断裂而导致结构破坏的不足,结合“加强”和“削弱”的措施,使塑性铰外移,提出了加强型翼缘-波纹腹板组合隔板贯通式梁柱新型节点,并利用有限元软件ABAQUS探究了该新型节点在低周往复荷载作用下的破坏模式、应力分布情况。研究波纹数量、波纹厚度、加强板厚度、加强板长度这4种参数对该新型节点的滞回曲线、骨架曲线、耗能能力的影响规律。结果表明:新型节点有较好的承载力,应力主要集中在梁翼缘上波纹腹板削弱处,破坏发生在远离削弱处一侧,且腹板未发生屈曲变形。随着波纹厚度、加强板长度的增大,新型节点的承载力增加,耗能能力下降;随着波纹数量的增多,新型节点承载力和耗能能力增加;随着加强板厚度的增大,承载力增加,耗能能力先减小后增大。

GH4169合金塑性加工成形与组织调控方法综述

针对高温合金零部件的精密成形制造由于工艺复杂、成形效率和精度低,其微观组织、力学性能及成形精度难以协同控制的问题,采用组织调控和成形工艺优化作为实现高温合金零部件成形成性一体化制造的有效手段。作为一种高温稳定相,δ相常出现于塑性变形及热处理过程中,其析出量与形貌影响合金的微观组织及力学性能。因为零件结构及服役条件的差异,所要求的组织、性能和采取的制备工艺也不尽相同。介绍了环类、盘类及叶片类3类典型的GH4169合金零件的塑性加工技术,同时引出δ相在其中起到的作用,继而对δ相的析出、球化和溶解等演化行为及其对合金变形行为和力学性能的影响进行了阐述与总结。

加快“以竹代塑”绿色产业发展的市场供需对接机制研究

我国为全球“以竹代塑”的倡导国,也是“以竹代塑”的引领国,正在加快“以竹代塑”发展,以应对气候变化和减少塑料污染,拓展绿色经济发展路径。我国“以竹代塑”产品供需关系正在建立,但供需对接机制仍不健全,存在“供有需小”“供无需有”等问题,主要原因在于供给侧难以满足需求侧要求以及供需两侧信息不畅通和市场交易不便捷。本文建议从供需两侧共同发力,做强做精供给侧、做大做深需求侧、加强供需对接政策支持,推动“以竹代塑”的快速发展,打造新型绿色产业。

大倾角大采高工作面煤壁失稳机理分析

大倾角大采高工作面煤壁灾变易诱使支架-围岩系统失衡,导致围岩稳定性控制复杂化,故煤壁灾变防控对保障工作面安全生产十分关键,而科学化防控技术的前提是明晰煤壁失稳孕育机制,为此采用数值计算及理论分析法展开研究。研究结果表明:大倾角大采高工作面煤壁承压倾向分区异化,下部区域应力集中程度较中部、上部高,集中区范围由下至上减小,垂向中部应力值较低,应力极值及走向位置与回采距具有正相关性,煤壁揭露前后邻域承压环境会突变,且承压态随煤体破坏演变异化,煤体承压结构会由非连续态经压实过渡为类连续状,而后整体移动至阈值后发生破断结构离散化。煤壁前方塑性区随采动作用不同幅度扩展,其稳定性受制于回采距及速度,低速回采、回采距离增加时煤壁稳定性逐步降低,塑性破裂发育区煤体为支承压力等动载、静载主承体,煤壁失稳是支承压力与扰动区内煤体自身抗压性能动态失衡,由运移、变形等承压行为量变诱发煤体结构质变而破断失稳,承压非对称性及多向耦合造成煤壁失稳分区及范围倾向扩展。

基于柔性铰链结构的大口径压电快摆镜

为了解决压电作动器驱动的快速反射镜因压电作动器伸长量较小,导致快速反射镜偏转角过小的问题,该文提出了一款新型快速反射镜设计方案。采用三级杠杆式柔性铰链放大机构实现压电作动器位移的放大,采用柔性轴承作为快摆镜的运动关节实现快摆镜的大角度定轴偏转。通过理论推导和有限元仿真对快摆镜的最大偏转角度、等效应力、谐振频率以及振型进行分析。实验结果表明,所设计的快摆镜可以实现大于2 mrad的镜面偏转,满足大范围、高精度的光束定位要求。

预制可更换人工塑性铰连接的非线性有限元分析

为提高装配式框架节点的抗震性能,基于仿生学设计,提出一种具有结构“保险丝”功能的可更换人工塑性铰连接构造,设计了9个不同参数的可更换人工塑性铰试件.利用Abaqus软件,对可更换人工塑性铰试件施加低周往复荷载,探究该构造的破坏模式、滞回性能、刚度退化等抗震特性.研究结果表明:可更换人工塑性铰构造的破坏位置主要集中于翼缘屈曲可更换连接板处,破坏模式为翼缘屈曲可更换连接板屈曲变形和抗剪耗能杆的剪切变形破坏;梁端弯矩-层间位移角的滞回曲线饱满,且有螺栓滑移现象,等效黏滞阻尼系数为0.30~0.45,延性系数为3.64~14.00,表现出良好的塑性变形和耗能能力.

基于PC/ABS薄壁成型的雾化器机筒注射模设计

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