Heat Transfer Performance of Microgroove Back Plate Heat Pipes with Working Fluid and Heating Power

Micro heat pipes(MHP) cooling is one of the most efficient solutions to radiate heat for high heat flux electronic components in data centers. It is necessary to improve heat transfer performance of microgroove back plate heat pipes. This paper discusses about influence on thermal resistance through experiments and numerical simulation with different working fluids, filling ratio and heat power. Thermal resistance of the CO2 filled heat pipe is 14.8% lower than the acetone filled heat pipe. In the meantime, at the best filling ratio of 40%, the CO2 filled heat pipe has the optimal heat transfer behavior with the smallest thermal resistance of 0.123 K/W. The thermal resistance continues to decline but the magnitude of decreases is going to be minor. In addition, this paper illustrates methods about how to enhance heat pipe performance from working fluids, filling ratio and heat power, which provides a theoretical basis for practical applications.

Experiment investigation on visualization and operating characteristics of closed loop plate oscillating heat pipe with parallel channels

Using ethanol or acetone as the working fluid, visualization of oscillations in steady state was observed visually by high-speed cameras, and temperature oscillating and heat transfer characteristics of closed-loop plate oscillating heat pipe with parallel channels(POHP-PC) were experimentally investigated by varying liquid filled ratios(50%, 70%, 85%), section scales(1 mm×1 mm and 1 mm×1.5 mm), inclination angles, working fluids and heating inputs. It was found that during operating there was mixed flow consisting of plug flow and annular flow in channels of oscillating heat pipe at steady-state. There was an equilibrium position for working fluid of condenser during oscillating, and periodic oscillations occurred up and down in the vicinity of equilibrium position. With heat input increasing, equilibrium position rose slowly as a result of vapor pressure of evaporation.Evaporation temperature oscillating amplitude possessed a trend of small-large-small and frequency trend was of small-large during steady-state. It may be generally concluded that temperature, whether evaporator or condenser, fluctuated sharply or rose continuously when oscillating heat pipe coming to dry burning state. Simultaneously, it was found that temperature difference of cooling water possibly dropped with heat input rising during dry burning state. Thermal resistance of No. 2 with acetone was lower than that of No. 1 during experiments, but No. 2 achieving heat transfer limit was earlier than No. 1. However, with ethanol, thermal resistance of No. 1 and No. 2 were similar with the heating input less than 110-120 W and filling ratios of 50% and 70%. And with filling ratio of 85%, heating transfer performance of No. 2 was better compared to No. 1 during all the experiments.

Visual Study on Flow and Operational Characteristics of Flat Plate Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipes

This paper presents an experimental study including visualization on a flat plate closed loop pulsating heat pipes.It consists of a total of 40 channels with square cross section(2 mm×2 mm,165 mm long) machined directly on an aluminum plate(180 mm×120 mm×3 mm) covered by a transparent plate.The working fluid employed is ethanol.As a result,various flow patterns and their transitions are observed and found to be related to the fluid fill ratio,input heat load and the device orientation.Also the operational characteristics and working mechanism are discussed.

Parametric Influence on Thermal Performance of Flat Plate Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipes

This paper presents an experimental study on a flat plate closed loop pulsating heat pipes. It consisted of total 40 channels with square cross section （2 × 2 mm^2, 165 mm long） machined directly on an aluminum plate（180×120×3 nm^2）, which was covered by a transparent plate. The working fluid employed was ethanol. As the results, the influence parameters of thermal performance were investigated, such as filling ratio, heat load and operational orientations etc. Filling ratio was found to be a critical parameter, and its effect was rather complicated. According to its values the PHP plate could have four distinct working zones with different operational characteristics and heat transfer performance. The effect of heat load on thermal performance was found to be positive, and in general, iucrcasing the heat load would improve heat transfer performance. In order to analyze the effect of gravity on thermal performance, three different heat modes and total seven tilt angles were tested and compared. Successful operation at all orientations with respect to gravity was also achieved.

倾角对平板型LHP 运行性能的影响

通过改变内部毛细芯结构达到改善环路热管性能、减小环路热管体积的目的,取消储液腔,将传统的长矩形蒸汽槽道更改为特斯拉阀形状,并且将蒸发器进出口设置在蒸发器两侧。研究该热管在不同倾角下的启动性能、运行特性。结果显示:相对于0°倾角运行,倾角的存在能够减少环路热管的启动时间,降低蒸发器温度,存在倾角的条件下启动特性差别不大。随着功率的增加,不同倾角的环路热管热阻减小,仅在倾角(10°以下)较低时有较大的热阻。随着倾角的增加,环路热管热阻随功率的变化无较大改变。

U型平板微热管LED散热器散热性能分析

针对目前LED表面发热量较大,局部温度过高,而导致其使用寿命减少的问题,该研究以平板微热管为核心传热元件,与锯齿形翅片结合,设计了一种U型平板微热管散热器。采用试验和仿真模拟相结合的方法,对不同风速、翅片结构、翅高及翅间距等关键影响因素进行分析。结果表明:通过对比分析U型平板微热管在两种室外工况下各测点试验值和模拟值,散热稳定后温度的最大误差分别为4.2%和6.7%,验证了模型的可靠性。风速分别为0.5和3.0 m/s时,锯齿型翅片都具有良好的散热性能。当风速为3.0 m/s时,锯齿型翅片、W型翅片、直翅片散热器稳定后热源温度分别为34.3、35.5和39.1℃。为找到最佳工况和结构,进行了正交分析,当室外风速为3.5 m/s,锯齿型翅片翅高为12 mm,翅间距为8 mm时,U型热管具有较佳的散热性能。研究结果可为LED散热系统的设计提供数据参考和设计思路,拓宽LED光源的应用范围。

平板型环路热管研究现状及发展趋势

平板型环路热管是一种具有平板蒸发器的环路结构热管器件,其利用气液相变原理进行高效热传递。由于平板型环路热管更符合先进电子技术的发展趋势,并具有优异的远距离热传输性能,在航天飞行器、电子设备冷却、余热回收利用等领域具备广阔的应用前景。因此,文章综述了近年来研究者在平板型环路热管的吸液芯、工质、工作特性、理论模型以及异型结构等方面所做出的努力,总结了平板型环路热管上述方向的发展现状,提出平板型环路热管的未来发展趋势,助力先进两相散热技术发展。

超薄空间复杂边界条件下气体流动压降实验

随着超薄热管等元件进一步超薄化,蒸汽腔厚度减小导致蒸汽流动压降急剧增大,传热热阻增加,传输极限降低。搭建了超薄受限空间气体流动压降实验装置,开展空气流动实验,获得了不同通道高度(0.1~0.5 mm)、不同表面丝网孔径(0.036~0.104 mm)和不同流速(1~10 m/s)下的压降变化。结果表明:通道高度和流速对压降产生显著影响,而表面丝网孔径并不会;3个影响因素按显著程度依次为通道高度、流速、表面丝网孔径;随表面丝网孔径的减小,压降逐渐增大;随通道高度的减小,压降先缓慢增大,在减至0.3 mm后压降开始剧烈上升;随流速的增加,压降增大且近似呈正比例变化关系。最后基于实验数据修正了微通道层流情况下沿程阻力系数相关性预测关联式,以便更准确地预测气体压降。

平板微热管阵列换热器的研究现状与展望

平板微热管阵列换热器作为一种高效的传热设备,在当前节能减排的背景下具有广阔的应用前景。本文主要针对平板微热管阵列换热器的优化研究应用现状进行总结分析,得出其传热性能主要影响因素有:平板微热管阵列的微槽尺寸、工质选择、充液率、倾斜角度及换热器的翅片结构尺寸、热流量、运行温度、流动特性等,这些都会对其产生性能影响。在上述性能影响因素当中,对于平板微热管阵列换热器翅片结构尺寸参数的优化研究相对来说仍然较少,需要进一步的重视和探究。

Experimental Study on the Start Up Performance of Flat Plate Pulsating Heat Pipe

An experimental system of flat plate pulsating heat pipe was established and experimental research was carried out in this system to know the mechanism of heat transfer, start-up and operating characteristics. The factors, such as filling rate, heating power, heating method etc, which have great influence on the thermal performance of the plate pulsating heat pipe were discussed. The results indicate that heating power and filling rate are the important factors for the start-up of the plate pulsating heat pipe. The different start-up power is needed with different filling rate, and the start-up of the heat pipe in case of bottom heated is much easier than that of top heated. Increasing the heating power and enlarging the heating area can make the start-up easier. Heating power can also affect the start-up time of heat pipe under the condition of bottom heated, while it does not have some influence to the heat pipe of top heated. The thermal resistance of plate pulsating heat pipe is related with the heating power, and the higher the heating power is, the smaller the thermal resistance is. But the best filling rate which the heat pipe needs is different with different heating methods, and the performance of the heat pipe in the case of bottom heated is better than the others.

高寒地区平板热管式太阳能集热系统热性能研究

基于呼和浩特地区高寒气候条件,搭建两组完全一致的平板热管式太阳能集热系统,通过实验对比分析太阳辐射强度、传热工质流量、集热板表面积尘等因素对集热器瞬时集热效率以及系统热性能的影响。结果表明,在同等外界条件下,集热器的集热效率随着工质流量的增加而增大,集热效率与太阳辐射强度变化趋势相近,随积尘密度的增加,集热板表面积尘导致系统的得热量减少,集热性能下降。

Influence of Filling Ratio and Working Fluid Thermal Properties on Starting up and Heat Transferring Performance of Closed Loop Plate Oscillating Heat Pipe with Parallel Channels

Using ethanol or acetone as the working fluid, the performance of starting up and heat transfer of closed-loop plate oscillating heat pipe with parallel channels(POHP-PC) were experimentally investigated by varying filling ratio, inclination, working fluids and heating power. The performance of the tested pulsating heat pipe was mainly evaluated by thermal resistance and wall temperature. Heating copper block and cold water bath were adopted in the experimental investigations. It was found that oscillating heat pipe with filling ratio of 50% started up earlier than that with 70% when heating input was 159.4 W, however, it has similar starting up performance with filling ratio of 50% as compared to 70% on the condition of heat input of 205.4 W. And heat pipe with filling ratio of 10% could not start up but directly transit to dry burning. A reasonable filling ratio range of 35%-70% was needed in order to achieve better performance, and there are different optimal filling ratios with different heating inputs- the more heating input, the higher optimal filling ratio, and vice versa. However, the dry burning appeared easily with low filling ratio, especially at very low filling ratio, such as 10%. And higher filling ratio, such as 70%, resulted in higher heat transfer( dry burning) limit. With filling ratio of 70% and inclination of 75°, oscillating heat pipe with acetone started up with heating input of just 24 W, but for ethanol, it needed to be achieved 68 W, Furthermore, the start time with acetone was similar as compared to that with ethanol. For steady operating state, the heating input with acetone was about 80 W, but it transited to dry burning state when heating input was greater than 160 W. However, for ethanol, the heating input was in vicinity of 160 W. Furthermore, thermal resistance with acetone was lower than that with ethanol at the same heating input of 120 W.

蒸发冷凝长度比对不同微槽平板铝热管热性能的影响

为研究不同蒸发段和冷凝段长度比值对平板铝热管热性能的影响,通过实验分析了相同截面尺寸、相同填充工质、矩形微槽道和三角形微槽道的平板热管90°安装,以及采用连续递增的输入热流和冷凝段强制风冷换热时,9种不同比值对平板热管热性能的影响。研究结果表明:提出的平板微槽道热管蒸发段冷凝段长度比值对平板微槽道热管热性能的影响明显。优选的两种类型蒸发段冷凝段长度比值在0.8~1.25范围内,传热性能良好。对比不同微槽道的平板热管发现,同等条件下矩形微槽道平板热管的传热性能优于三角形微槽道平板热管,并提出蒸发段冷凝段长度比值的最佳值为1,建议应用设计中蒸发段冷凝段长度比值范围为0.8~1.0。研究结果可对平板微槽道热管应用系统的设计提供准确参考。

基于TEC和平板热管的LED散热器结构优化设计

LED结温对其寿命和光效具有显著影响。高效的热管理对保持LED的性能稳定非常重要。为了有效降低LED结温、满足散热需求及特定场所的应用需求,结合热电冷却器(TEC)和平板热管(FPHP)重新设计了散热器结构,利用响应面法构建了针对散热器参数的双目标函数,通过非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-II)求得Pareto最优解。基于散热器结构的最优值对TEC电流进行单因素优化分析,结果表明,优化后的LED最高结温比不采用TEC时的LED最高结温降低了23.3%,充分证明了优化散热器结构的有效性。

新排风热回收系统的实际应用分析

空调热回收为主流节能措施,新风占建筑空调负荷比例很大,主要采用新排风能量回收系统。新排风热回收装置主要以板式(板翅式)、转轮式及热管式热回收三种形式为主,并以实际项目的工程应用进行分析。主要以转轮式热回收器与热管式热回收器作为案例详细分析优缺点及节能性。

不同角度的集油管对变压器散热效果的影响

变压器是煤矿电力系统的重要组成部分,在使用过程中会产生大量热能,需及时有效地进行散热处理。片式散热器是变压器常用的散热结构形式,在使用过程中,集油管的不同倾斜角度对散热器的散热效果具有重要影响。采用有限元仿真的形式分析集油管不同倾斜角度时变压器的散热效果,结果表明,当集油管的倾斜角度不大于5°时,增加集油管的倾斜角度可增强散热效果,提高变压器的使用安全性。

平板微热管阵列及其传热特性

研制了结构紧凑的带有微结构的平板微热管阵列,并对其充装不同工质时的传热性能进行测试。同时对热管内充装不同工质时的热通量进行了测试。结果表明,在使用甲醇、乙醇、丙酮、R141b为工质的情况下该平板微热管阵列的散热效果良好,其中甲醇为工质的散热器在保证芯片表面正常的工作温度下的最大热通量及总热量输运能力分别达到102W·cm-2及102W以上。最高热通量可达200W·cm-2。以甲醇为工质的不同充液率实验表明,平板微热管阵列的热通量随充液率的不同而有所变化,最佳充液率为0.3。

重力对微槽平板热管传热性能的影响

系统地研究了重力对微槽平板热管传热性能的影响 ,分析了工作温度、冷却方式和倾角等影响因素。通过对比实验发现重力对热管的轴向液膜分布影响非常明显 ,在周向只在大充液率时有明显的影响 ,从而使得倾角较大地影响了热管的传热能力。研究表明深槽平板热管具有优良的传热性能 。

电子设备散热用平板式热管的实验研究

平板式热管是一种广泛采用的电子元件散热设备。本文对平板热管的热性能进行了实验研究,用加热电阻来模拟电子设备发热元件,采用热电偶来测量热管表面的温度。对电子设备散热用平板热管的起动响应时间,一定工况下的平板热管温度分布、温度均匀性和传热效果进行了实验研究,并与相同工况的平直肋片固体散热块进行了试验对比,证明平板式热管具有重量轻、起动快、传热效率高,均温性能好等优点。但在低功率时,平板热管的散热性能差于散热块。同时,考察了重力对不同方向热管传热性能的影响,认为具有吸液芯的平板热管可推广运用于航空机载电子设备散热。

不同充液率平板热管性能实验

搭建了平板热管测试实验台,对不同充液率下热管性能进行了实验研究,并以最佳充液率的热管为研究对象,分析了加热功率、冷却水温及冷却水流速对热管性能的影响。实验结果表明:充液率为20%和30%时热管在各加热功率下展现了良好的性能,最小热阻为0.18℃/W和0.19℃/W,热导率为8158W/(m·℃)和8540W/(m·℃)。由于沸腾换热滞后性,相较于功率增加,功率减少时热管性能更优,同等加热功率条件下蒸发段温度更低。功率增加和功率减少对热管蒸发段热阻影响较大,而冷凝段热阻几乎不受影响。当冷却水温为17℃和22℃时,热管蒸发段温度比冷却水温为7℃和12℃时蒸发段温度低2℃左右。相较于冷却水温22℃时,冷却水温为17℃时热管蒸发段温度能更快达到稳定值。冷却水流速影响蒸发段温度及达到稳定运行的时间,实验表明热管工作的最佳冷却水流速为5.81g/s。