四边固支板在均布荷载作用下的剪力分布规律

沉箱底板抗剪往往需要控制底板厚度,而现有剪力分布规律研究较少,针对此问题采用有限元方法进行不同组合工况的计算,研究四边固支板在均布荷载作用下,板边最大剪力分布以及最大剪力随板厚、边长、长宽比的变化关系,得出最大剪力与平均剪力之比的一般规律。研究结果表明:板边剪力分布呈类抛物线形,板边最大剪力值小于弹性薄板理论计算的最大剪力值;相同尺度和荷载情况下,矩形板厚度增大其板边最大剪力值将有所减小;矩形板尺度增大,板边最大剪力值将迅速增大且最大剪力与平均剪力之比也有所增大;对于常用沉箱纵横隔墙间距和底板厚度,板边最大剪力与平均剪力之比通常为1.3~1.6。总结剪力分布与仓格尺度的关系,旨在为类似工程设计提供参考。

跌流竖井入流水舌处内嵌圆弧板的结构优化数值研究

跌流竖井是排水系统中结构简单且应用广泛的排水基础设施之一,但该结构入流水舌处的水气两相作用剧烈、流态复杂,且在该处常常出现竖井内的最大负压,也就容易从外界大量吸气造成下游管道臭气逸散、井喷或爆管等问题。为此,提出在竖井水舌处设置内嵌圆弧板的结构优化方法,从而有效改善入流水舌流态,降低竖井内气压值和梯度变化,并减缓竖井从外界的吸气程度。在此基础上,采用Fluent三维数值模拟手段,对比分析了结构优化前后的流态、气压梯度、流速及水气分布等特性。结果表明,经过优化后的竖井模型改变了入流水舌处的液体流态,水流入射角度减小,水流撞击点的位置降低,竖井水舌处的负压值明显降低,垂直管内的整体压力梯度变化幅值减弱,从外界卷吸的气量也大幅度减小。可见所设计的新型竖井结构优化方法对跌流竖井入流水舌问题有较好的改善作用,同时也为排污管道竖井设计及优化提供一定的参考。

Safer Design and Less Cost Operation for Low-Traffic Long-Road Illumination Using Control System Based on Pattern Recognition Technique

The paper covers analysis and investigation of lighting automation system in low-traffic long-roads. The main objective is to provide optimal solution between expensive safe design that utilizes continuous street lighting system at night for the entire road, or inexpensive design that sacrifices the safety, relying on using vehicles lighting, to eliminate the problem of high cost energy consumption during the night operation of the road. By taking into account both of these factors, smart lighting automation system is proposed using Pattern Recognition Technique applied on vehicle number-plates. In this proposal, the road is sectionalized into zones, and based on smart Pattern Recognition Technique, the control system of the road lighting illuminates only the zone that the vehicles pass through. Economic analysis is provided in this paper to support the value of using this design of lighting control system.

UHPC-NC组合箱梁顶板界面抗剪性能试验研究

为了研究超高性能混凝土(UHPC)与普通混凝土(NC)组合箱梁的界面抗剪性能,该文设计了3类界面处理方式不同的试件,分别为不处理类、凿毛类、涂缓凝剂+水冲洗类,同时进行了UHPC与NC的组合推出试验,分析3类试件的破坏形态和抗剪性能.试验结果表明:UHPC与NC组合结构进行界面处理后,推出试件的破坏形态为普通混凝土侧的拔出破坏,与界面不处理的破坏形态相同,且各类试件的初始剪切刚度相近.但不同界面处理方式对试件的平均抗剪强度影响较大,进行界面处理后相较于不处理时的平均抗剪强度大幅提高,均为不处理时的4倍以上.

基于Matlab的女裤参数化制版方法

为进一步提高服装CAD制版效率,满足个性化服装制版的快速响应要求,以女裤为研究对象,基于Matlab软件开发平台,设置关键参数和调节参数2种参数变量,通过参数驱动数学模型数据计算及纸样绘制程序,生成多款式且结构合理的女裤纸样,并将贝塞尔曲线拟合方法应用于参数化制版中,最后对提出的参数化制版方法进行验证。结果表明:运行参数化制版程序,可实现女裤纸样的款式变化、参数调节功能;从约束条件出发对裤装曲线进行拟合,裤装曲线能自动更新,满足新生成女裤结构合理性的要求。经参数化制版验证,提出的参数化制版方法可以满足女裤个性化自动化的服装制版要求。

双针床电脑横机全成形常用花型开发

基于双针床电脑横机全成形编织原理,系统介绍全成形产品常用的几种组织花型编织方法,包括纬平针组织、正反针组织、罗纹组织、浮线组织、集圈组织、移圈组织等。详细介绍这几种组织花型在双针床电脑横机上的编织原理、制版方法及其用途,为双针床电脑横机全成形花型组织开发提供一定的参考价值。

携手创新——亚太森博与维美德共同优化PRO3磨机磨片应用实例

磨浆工艺对成纸的影响不言而喻,俗话说三分纸七分浆,磨浆机的选择和配置、磨浆工艺和合适的磨片齿形选择是磨好浆的必要条件。本文通过对磨片和工艺流程的不断优化,摸索出PRO3磨磨片齿形的最佳组合应用,以满足生产所需的产能、能耗、打浆效果的要求。

单钢板-混凝土组合板承载性能分析

为研究单钢板-混凝土组合板在公路桥梁中的应用,提出一种新的钢板与混凝土板组合形式。通过对其进行仿真模拟结合静力试验,研究其裂缝发展模式和破坏形态,分析该模式组合板受弯承载性能。试验结果表明:试件破坏模式为弯剪混合破坏,在试验过程中,试件截面纵向应变沿组合板高度上基本符合平截面假定,在破坏前有明显的变形特征,且承载性能较好。可见该形式的组合板基本能满足使用需求,对实际工程组合板的选型有一定的参考意义。

Improvement of machining quality of copper-plated roll mold by controlling temperature variation

Micro prism film used in LCD industry can be manufactured by roll to roll method with copper-plated roll mold. As copper-plated roll mold is getting larger, pitch error is getting severer. The pitch error drops the quality of micro prism film. The main cause of the pitch error was investigated during machining large roll mold whose machined length was 1 200 mm. The temperature of machining system was elevated during machining roll mold, and this elevation induced thermal expansion of the system. The temperature variation around the roll mold also made thermal expansion of the roll mold. The amount of thermal expansion had strong relationship to the amount of pitch error. Therefore, the roll mold was machined after warming-up of machining system and precise temperature controller around copper-plated roll mold was installed, which minimized the temperature variation. Finally, precise micro prism patterns without pitch error were machined on the large roll mold.

Impact of Topography and Land-Sea Distribution on East Asian Paleoenvironmental Patterns

Much geological research has illustrated the transition of paleoenvironmental patterns during the Cenozoic from a planetary-wind-dominant type to a monsoon-dominant type, indicating the initiation of the East Asian monsoon and inland-type aridity. However, there is a dispute about the causes and mechanisms of the transition, especially about the impact of the Himalayan/Tibetan Plateau uplift and the Paratethys Sea retreat, Thirty numerical sensitivity experiments under different land-sea distributions and Himalayan/Tibetan Plateau topography conditions are performed here to simulate the evolution of climate belts with emphasis on changes in the rain band, and these are compared with the changes in the paleoenvironmental patterns during the Cenozoic recovered by geological records. The consistency between simulations and the geological evidence indicates that both the Tibetan Plateau uplift and the Paratethys Sea retreat play important roles in the formation of the monsoon-dominant environmental pattern. Furthermore, the simulations show the monsoon-dominant environmental pattern comes into being when the Himalayan/Tibetan Plateau reaches 1000-2000 m high and the Paratethys Sea retreats to the Turan Plate.

A Study on the Prediction Method of Strong Earthquakes Based on Dynamic Seismicity Patterns with Dynamic Implications

Seismic gap method is one of the effective earthquake prediction methods using seismicity patterns. However, this method has some limitations and uncertainty when using it singly in predicting earthquakes. This paper puts forward the prediction method using the dynamic seismicity pattern with dynamic implications. This method considers the formation and evolution of the seismic gap on the basis of plate movement and structural characteristics. Through analysis of 26 cases of earthquakes of MS≥5.0 occurring in East China and South China, this paper obtains the relationship between the main shock with seismic gap and active fault's location, as well as the relationship between the seismic gap and location and strike of active faults. Meanwhile, this paper provides a dynamic explanation of the differences in the formation and evolution patterns of the seismic gap between the two regions, thus providing the physical basis for and reducing the uncertainty of predicting earthquakes using the seismic gap method.

热轧花纹板成型过程数值模拟研究

采用Deform有限元软件对Q195花纹板轧制花纹成型过程进行数值模拟,分析花纹成型过程金属流动规律及不同压下率对花纹成型质量的影响.结果表明:900℃,压下率为14%,厚度为2.00 mm花纹板轧制过程中,花纹应力为76.2 MPa,花纹与基板之间的“过渡区”应力为261 MPa,不均匀变形主要产生在“过渡区”.随压下率(14%,17%,20%)增加,“过渡区”应力增大,花纹高度增高,当压下率为20%时,花纹底座形状良好,花纹高度适中,花纹板花纹成型质量最佳.

Features of Flow Past Square Cylinder with a Perforated Plate

A numerical investigation was performed on the reduction of the fluid forces acting on the square cylinder in the laminar flow regime with a perforated plate. The effects of geometric parameters such as the distance between the square cylinder and the perforated plate on the wake of the square cylinder were discussed. Furthermore, the flow characteristics such as the drag coefficient, lift coefficient, Strouhal number and flow pattern were obtained. It can be concluded that the drag force of the square cylinder reduces to some extent due to the addition of the perforated plate. The flow structure varies when the perforated plate is located behind the square cylinder. Moreover, the recirculation zone augments with the increase of L/D, and the vortex trace on the upper and lower surface of the square cylinder moves gradually backwards until a stable recirculation zone formed between the square cylinder and the perforated plate.

Visual Study on Flow and Operational Characteristics of Flat Plate Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipes

This paper presents an experimental study including visualization on a flat plate closed loop pulsating heat pipes.It consists of a total of 40 channels with square cross section(2 mm×2 mm,165 mm long) machined directly on an aluminum plate(180 mm×120 mm×3 mm) covered by a transparent plate.The working fluid employed is ethanol.As a result,various flow patterns and their transitions are observed and found to be related to the fluid fill ratio,input heat load and the device orientation.Also the operational characteristics and working mechanism are discussed.

Characterization on the hydrodynamics of a covering-plate Rushton impeller

A modified Rushton impeller with two circular covering-plates mounted on the upper and lower sides of the blades was designed.There are gaps between the plates and the blades.The turbulent hydrodynamics was analyzed by the computational fluid dynamics(CFD) method.Firstly,the reliability of the numerical model and simulation method was verified by comparing with the experimental results from literature.Subsequently,the power consumption,flow pattern,mean velocity and mixing time of the covering-plate Rushton impeller(RT-C) were studied and compared with the standard Rushton impeller(RT) operated under the same conditions.Results show that the power consumption can be decreased about 18%.Compared with the almost unchanged flow field in the lower stirred tank,the mean velocity was increased at the upper half of the stirred tank.And in the impeller region,the mean axial and radial velocities were increased,the mean tangential velocity was decreased.In addition,the average mixing time of RT-C was shortened about 4.14% than the counterpart of RT.The conclusions obtained here indicated that RT-C has a more effective mixing performance and it can be used as an alternative of RT in the process industries.

融合出行拓扑与序列分析的车辆时空出行模式挖掘

城市小汽车出行的时空特性是支撑城市交通规划设计与交通需求管理的重要基础。针对传统的以集计数据或抽样数据研究的局限性,本文基于车牌识别数据,全量感知车辆出行活动,分析城市中个体车辆的出行时空模式。首先,从数据中提取并分离车辆出行链,获得小汽车出行的时间、空间、频率和拓扑特征,根据各时段停留点构造车辆出行活动序列。其次,融合兴趣点(Point of Interest, POI)数据识别出行起讫点关联的土地利用特性作为停留点特征,在出行活动序列上应用k-modes聚类算法挖掘出常规通勤模式、特殊通勤模式、短时活动模式和外来办事模式这4类30种小汽车出行模式。最后,对每一类模式的群体规模、特征和典型出行行为进行详细地分析讨论。结果表明,95%的车辆出行活动可以用不多于3条边组成的简单拓扑结构表示,其中,约30%的车辆可构造出行活动序列,并用k-modes聚类算法有效分离出各类机动车全天出行的时空模式。工作日车辆出行主要表现为常规通勤模式,休息日则以短时活动模式为主。通过对个体车辆的微观行为分析,结合出行拓扑结构和出行活动序列进行出行模式的挖掘,能够全面地反映城市机动车出行的实际情况,为精细化机动车出行行为分析与管控策略制定提供理论支撑。

表板厚度与组坯方式对展平竹-杨木复合板性能的影响

为充分发挥杨木与展平竹的优势,以杨木为芯板、展平竹为表板制作展平竹-杨木复合板,分析表板厚度(2、4、6、8 mm)及组坯方式(顺纹组坯、横纹组坯)对复合板弹性模量、抗弯强度、冲击韧性及胶合强度的影响。结果表明:在表板厚度方面,随表板厚度增加,复合板抗弯弹性模量先减小后增加,表板为8 mm的复合板弹性模量最大,为12.10 GPa;抗弯强度呈下降趋势,表板为2 mm的复合板抗弯强度最大,为198.4 MPa;冲击韧性呈上升趋势,表板为8 mm的复合板冲击韧性最大,为50.19 kJ/m^(2);胶合强度先增加后减小,表板为4 mm的复合板胶合强度最大,为5.41 MPa。在组坯方式方面,横纹组坯复合板的弹性模量、抗弯强度、冲击韧性优于顺纹;与顺纹组坯相比,横纹组坯复合板的抗弯弹性模量高9.82%、抗弯强度高18.67%、冲击韧性高2.20%;胶合强度以顺纹组坯复合板为高,达5.41 MPa,横纹组坯的为3.73 MPa。

亚硫酸无氰镀金技术在电子互连中的应用研究

针对电子互连技术中对电镀金层的要求,以亚硫酸盐作为主络合剂的无氰镀金技术为研究对象,研究无氰电镀液电化学性能、均匀能力和电沉积金层表面形貌。通过电化学分析方法获得镀金液的电导率、扩散系数和塔菲尔伏安关系,分析电镀中主要控制参数的设定范围;通过电子扫描显微镜、X射线衍射和X射线能谱分析,获得电沉积金层表面形貌、晶面取向和金层均匀性。结果表明:以亚硫酸盐作为主络合剂的无氰镀金体系能够获得表面平整、均匀性良好的互连金层。

超薄热轧花纹板轧制工艺的优化

超薄热轧花纹板可实现“以热带冷”,特别是普通材质超薄花纹板,力学性能和机械性能要求较低,性价比高,应用领域广泛。超薄热轧花纹板的生产瓶颈体现在生产过程,因其在精轧工序变形量大、轧制力高、轧制速度快,易发生堆卡钢、甩尾事故。1580热轧线使用Q235B铸坯生产厚度1.2~1.8 mm的花纹板,初期使用常规轧制工艺,精轧机甩尾频繁,热轧线堆卡钢率超过5%,通过控制加热温度及两炉温差,制定合理的粗轧除鳞道次控制中间坯温度,提升卷箱速度改善中间坯头尾温差,对精轧轧辊、轧制速度、轧机负荷和弯窜辊的轧制参数进行优化,以及冷却卷取等工序的工艺进行优化,结合合理的轧制排程及轧制节奏控制,解决了轧制超薄极限规格花纹板堆卡钢率高的问题,实现了花纹板极限规格的小批量稳定生产。

薄型HDI板变形的分析与改善

随着印制电路板(PCB)线路向高密度发展,对多层板的对位精度提出了更高的要求。针对多层板产生变形的原因进行分析,并对其中的板边图形及层压参数方面进行研究,将4种不同的板边框设计与原有设计进行对比,确定其最优的图形设计;使用正交试验对层压参数的最大压力、上压点及降压方式三个方面进行设计,组合出合理的参数,针对性地提出了改善,提高了多层板的对位精度。