THE EVALUATION OF STRESS INTENSITY FACTORS OF PLANE CRACK FOR ORTHOTROPIC PLATE WITH EQUAL PARAMETER BY F2LFEM

In this paper, the evaluation of stress intensity factor of plane crack problems for orthotropic plate of equal-parameter is investigated using a fractal two-level finite element method （F2LFEM）. The general solution of an orthotropic crack problem is obtained by assimilating the problem with isotropic crack problem, and is employed as the global interpolation function in F2LFEM. In the neighborhood of crack tip of the crack plate, the fractal geometry concept is introduced to achieve the similar meshes having similarity ratio less than one and generate an infinitesimal mesh so that the relationship between the stiffness matrices of two adjacent layers is equal. A large number of degrees of freedom around the crack tip are transformed to a small set of generalized coordinates. Numerical examples show that this method is efficient and accurate in evaluating the stress intensity factor （SIF）.

Plate reinforced square hollow section X-joints subjected to in-plane moment

The static test of 13 square hollow section(SHS) X-joints with different β and different types of plate reinforcement under in-plane moment in brace was carried out. Experimental test schemes, failure modes of specimens, moment-vertical displacement curves, moment-deformation of the chord, and strain strength distribution curves were presented. The effect of β and plate reinforcement types on in-plane flexural property of SHS X-joints was studied. Results show that punching shear of chord face disappears, brace material fracture appears and concave and convex deformation of chord decrease when either collar plates or doubler plates were welded on chord face. Moment-vertical displacement curves of all specimens have obvious elastic, elastic-plastic and plastic stages. As β increases, the in-plane flexural ultimate capacity and initial stiffness of joints of the same plate reinforcement type increase, but ductility of joints decreases. With the same β, the in-plane flexural initial stiffness and ultimate capacity of doubler plate reinforced joints, collar plate reinforced joints, and unreinforced joints decrease progressively. Thickness of reinforcement plate has no obvious effect on in-plane flexural initial stiffness and ultimate capacity of joints. As thickness of reinforcement plate increases, the ductility of reinforced X-joints decreases. The concave and convex deformation of every specimen has good symmetry;as β increases, the yield and ultimate deformation of chord decrease.

Nonlinear dynamic buckling of stiffened plates under in-plane impact load

This paper presents a simple solution of the dynamic buckling of stiffened plates under in-plane impact loading. Based on large deflection theory, a discretely stiffened plate model has been used. The tangential stresses of stiffeners and in-plane displacement are neglected. Appling the Hamilton's principle, the motion equations of stiffened plates are obtained. The deflection of the plate is taken as Fourier series, and using Galerkin method the discrete equations can be deduced, which can be solved easily by Runge-Kutta method. The dynamic buckling loads of the stiffened plates are obtained form Budiansky-Roth criterion.

Thermal buckling and postbuckling of FGM circular plates with in-plane elastic restraints

Based on von Karman＇s plate theory, the axisymmetric thermal buckling and post-buckling of the functionally graded material （FGM） circular plates with in- plane elastic restraints under transversely non-uniform temperature rise are studied. The properties of the FGM media are varied through the thickness based on a simple power law. The governing equations are numerically solved by a shooting method. The results of the critical buckling temperature, post-buckling equilibrium paths, and configurations for the in-plane elastically restrained plates are presented. The effects of the in-plane elastic restraints, material property gradient, and temperature variation on the responses of thermal buckling and post-buckling are examined in detail.

A generalized plane strain theory for transversely isotropic piezoelectric plates

Study of generalized plane strain has so far been limited to elasticity. The present is aimed at parallel development of transversely isotropic piezoelasticity. By assuming that the along depth distribution of electric potential is linear, and that com- monly used Kane-Mindlin kinematical assumption is valid, two dimensional solution systems were deduced, for which, explicit solutions of the out-of-plane constraint factor, as well as the stress resultant concentration factor around a circular hole in a transversely isotropic piezoelectric plate subjected to remote biaxial tension are obtained. Comparisons of these formulas with their counterparts for elastic case yielded suggestions that whether the piezoelectric effect exacerbates or mitigates the stress resultant concentration greatly depends on material properties, particularly, the piezoelectric coefficients; the effect of plate thickness was extensively investigated.

Analytical solution of rectangular plate with in-plane variable stiffness

The bending problem of a thin rectangular plate with in-plane variable stiffness is studied. The basic equation is formulated for the two-opposite-edge simply supported rectangular plate under the distributed loads. The formulation is based on the assumption that the flexural rigidity of the plate varies in the plane following a power form, and Poisson＇s ratio is constant. A fourth-order partial differential equation with variable coefficients is derived by assuming a Levy-type form for the transverse displacement. The governing equation can be transformed into a Whittaker equation, and an analytical solution is obtained for a thin rectangular plate subjected to the distributed loads. The validity of the present solution is shown by comparing the present results with those of the classical solution. The influence of in-plane variable stiffness on the deflection and bending moment is studied by numerical examples. The analytical solution presented here is useful in the design of rectangular plates with in-plane variable stiffness.

异形平面组合空腹夹层板楼盖舒适度实测研究

利用环境激励,采用时域法模态拟合方法对异形平面组合空腹夹层板楼盖结构进行了现场竖向振动模态测试,得到组合楼盖结构前4阶竖向振型、自振频率、阻尼比等参数,并与有限元软件计算出的振型对比分析;对异形平面组合空腹夹层版楼盖进行6种工况作用下的人致振动加速度时程测试,分别得到各工况下不同测点的加速度时程曲线及相应各测点的加速度峰值。结果表明,现场实测和有限元分析得到的组合空腹夹层板楼盖自振频率均远大于3Hz,且两者误差在5%之内;楼盖阻尼比均小于005;最不利工况下异形组合空腹夹层板楼盖竖向最大加速度峰值为0036m/s2,其自振频率和加速度峰值均满足《高层建筑混凝土结构技术规程》(JGJ 3—2010)和《组合楼板设计与施工规范》(CECS 273—2010)要求,楼盖应用在大跨度异形平面中具有较好的舒适度。

钢管混凝土柱-软钢板组合高墩受压性能试验

为改善传统钢筋混凝土高墩桥梁的抗震性能,基于能力设计原理和结构抗震韧性设计理念,本文提出一种可更换部件的四肢钢管混凝土柱-软钢板组合箱形截面高墩。本文设计制作了1/10比例的缩尺试件,通过轴心和偏心受压试验,研究荷载偏心率、软钢板厚度等对新型组合高墩受压性能的影响。试验结果表明:新型组合高墩试件在轴压作用下,四肢钢管混凝土柱基本整体协调变形;当加载至试件破坏时,四肢钢管及软钢板均早已受压屈服,钢管套箍作用充分发挥;破坏形态呈整体弯曲失稳。在受偏心压力作用且偏心率不超过0.405时,四肢钢管混凝土柱全截面受压,组合截面纵向应变分布在弹性阶段基本满足“平截面假定”,在弹塑性阶段近似满足“拟平截面假定”;当加载至试件破坏时,破坏形态亦呈整体弯曲失稳。此外,钢系梁受力较小,仅起构造作用;而增大软钢板厚度,可有效提高新型组合高墩的截面抗弯刚度和正截面受压承载力,降低其侧向挠度;故在计算新型组合高墩的受压承载力时,应充分考虑软钢板的“结构元件”作用。

高温下铝合金板式节点刚度退化及其对网格结构抗火性能的影响研究

采用有限元数值模拟分析方法,研究了200~400℃时铝合金板式节点的弯曲刚度退化机理。给出了不同温度对应的弯曲刚度退化折减系数,并分析了节点的破坏模式。分析结果显示,上节点板局部变形明显,下节点板出现拉剪破坏,翼缘板沿着周围螺栓孔位置断裂,随着温度的升高腹板应力集中位置逐渐向下发展,腹板发生断裂破坏。在上述基础上,通过典型铝合金网格结构的案例分析,研究了节点弯曲刚度退化对网格结构整体抗火性能的影响。结果显示,高温下,相较于未考虑节点弯曲刚度退化网格结构,考虑节点弯曲刚度退化的网格结构变形在高温区集中,竖向变形增加了4.5%,竖向承载力下降了46%。节点弯曲刚度退化对结构抗火性能影响明显,在铝合金结构整体抗火分析中应予以考虑。

端盘型螺杆泵测试装置的分析和优化设计

通过对端盘型螺杆泵在产品测试时效率较低的原因进行分析,提出用于端盘型螺杆泵产品测试装置的优化方案,将端盘型螺杆泵进、出口方向组合方式进行固定,在测试时固定端盘型螺杆泵进口的方向,通过在端盘型螺杆泵出口位置设置旋转接头以及平面支承等相关零部件,使测试装置能够满足端盘型螺杆泵多个进、出口方向组合方式的测试要求。通过优化方案,可对端盘型螺杆泵的测试过程进行简化,这样可以解决在端盘型螺杆泵产品测试中测试效率不高、测试调整过程繁琐等问题,实现通过一套测试装置能够快速满足不同规格端盘型螺杆泵各种进、出口方向组合方式的测试工作,提高测试效率,节约测试成本,更好地满足端盘型螺杆泵的高效产出。

Closed-form solution of mid-potential between two parallel charged plates with more extensive application

Efficient calculation of the electrostatic interactions including repulsive force between charged molecules in a biomolecule system or charged particles in a colloidal system is necessary for the molecular scale or particle scale mechanical analyses of these systems. The electrostatic repulsive force depends on the mid-plane potential between two charged particles. Previous analytical solutions of the mid-plane potential, including those based on simplified assumptions and modern mathematic methods, are reviewed. It is shown that none of these solutions applies to wide ranges of interparticle distance from 0 to 10 and surface potential from 1 to 10. Three previous analytical solutions are chosen to develop a semi-analytical solution which is proven to have more extensive applications. Furthermore, an empirical closed-form expression of mid-plane potential is proposed based on plenty of numerical solutions. This empirical solution has extensive applications, as well as high computational efficiency.

船体开孔薄板面内剪切屈曲特性研究

船体板材不可避免地存在不同形式的开孔,开孔破坏了结构的连续性,对结构的强度、稳定性具有重要影响,因此研究船体板开孔结构的屈曲特性对保证船舶安全十分重要。在面内载荷作用下,通过画框型剪切夹具、3D全场变形测量-分析系统等对两种不同形式的船体开孔薄板进行剪切屈曲试验,获得了圆形开孔板和方形开孔板的临界屈曲载荷、全场位移/应变信息和拉力-伸长率曲线等;考虑试验夹具的影响,基于Abaqus对不同形式的开孔板进行数值仿真,通过对开孔板进行特征值屈曲分析和非线性屈曲分析,获得了两种不同形式船用开孔薄板的屈曲、后屈曲力学响应信息。通过数值仿真与试验结果的对比研究,验证了数值仿真方法的有效性、准确性。在此基础上,重点剖析载荷-伸长率关系、典型时刻板面全场位移、临界屈曲载荷以及开孔边缘的应力分布响应特征,明确了面积等效情况下圆孔和倒圆角方孔对方形薄板剪切稳定性的影响。为船用薄板面内剪切稳定性的试验和仿真研究以及大型船体结构的设计优化、力学性能评估等提供有益参考。

气液并流通过波纹筛板填料的流体力学性能

脉冲流是堆叠筛板填料中的一种特殊流型,因其具有较高的传质传热效率而受到关注。为了强化气液相互作用,增强脉冲流的气液操作范围,提升脉冲流的强度,本文设计了3种尺寸的波纹堆叠筛板填料,通过实验研究了其两相流压降特性和脉冲流行为;对比波纹堆叠筛板填料与普通堆叠筛板填料的脉冲流操作范围;综合实验数据,提出波纹筛板填料的压降和脉冲流操作区域的上下限气、液相雷诺数关联式。结果表明:波纹板填料中两相流压降的变化受操作参数、孔径及开孔率等结构参数的影响规律类似于普通筛板填料,但由于流动不规则性增强,相同条件下波纹板单板压降高于普通筛板。与普通筛板填料相比,波纹板填料中脉冲流的操作范围显著扩展,脉冲流强度也同时增强;筛板孔径相对较大时,波纹板填料中出现脉冲流的起始液量相较普通筛板显著降低,不同孔径波纹筛板脉冲流操作区域的上限气量均显著提高。波纹筛板填料的两相流压降预测关联式和脉冲流操作区域上、下限的预测关联式的预测值与实验测试值相对偏差均在15%以内,可供波纹板堆叠填料的应用设计参考。

Impact Strength Analysis of Plate Panels with Welding-Induced Residual Stress and Deformation

The paper describes the simulation of impact loads applied on plate panels with welding-induced residual stresses and deformation (WSD). Numerical simulations using FEM are carried out to study the influence of welding-induced residual stresses and deformation on the impact strength of plate panels. Welding is simulated using a three dimensional thermal mechanical coupled finite element method. The welding stress and deformation are taken as the initial imperfections in the impact strength analysis and their influence on the behavior of plate panels subjected to impact loadings. The impact loadings from the three directions, the lateral direction and two in-plane directions of the plate panels are studied. Results show a certain reduction in the impact strength due to the existence of welding stress and deformation in the plate panels. It is found that the reduction of impact force is strongly influenced by the welding deformation and the impact directions in the plate panels. This reduction is more significant when the impact force is in the lateral direction.

变厚度多孔梯度材料圆板的热后屈曲分析

为分析多孔梯度材料圆板在非均匀温度场中的热后屈曲响应,基于经典板理论和物理中面概念建立了梯度多孔材料圆板在热载荷作用下的控制微分方程,其中假设厚度变化沿半径为二次抛物线型且板在其厚度上具有对称和非对称的非均匀孔隙率分布。采用打靶法数值求解了问题的屈曲和后屈曲响应,给出了均匀升温和热传导下的梯度多孔非线性变厚度圆板后屈曲平衡路径。结果显示:变厚度系数、孔隙率系数、孔隙分布方式以及温度场对板的临界载荷和后屈曲平衡路径均有影响;在不同温度场中孔隙率系数越大,屈曲时的临界载荷越小;孔隙率对称分布下的临界载荷大于非对称情况下的。

基于Unity3D的邮船薄板平面分段流水线作业仿真

以邮船分段建造3D可视化为仿真目的,以薄板平面分段流水线为仿真对象,基于Unity3D进行邮船薄板平面分段流水线的工位设计、环境实现和仿真实现,完成邮船薄板平面分段流水线的设备虚拟化、工艺可视化和作业自动化,可为邮船薄板生产线的实际作业提供仿真环境和技术参考。

Application of color structured light pattern to measurement of large out-of-plane deformation

Measurement of out-of-plane deformation is significant to understanding of the deflection mechanisms of the plate and tube structures.In this study,a new surface contouring technique with color structured light is applied to measure the out-of-plane deformation of structures with one-shot projection.Through color fringe recognizing,decoding and triangulation processing for the captured images corresponding to each deformation state,the feasibility of the method is testified by the measurement of elastic deflections of a flexible square plate,showing good agreement with those from the calibrated displacement driver.The plastic deformation of two alloy aluminum rectangular tubes is measured to show the technique application to surface topographic evaluation of the buckling structures with large displacements.

Testing of a Full-Scale Composite Floor Plate

A full-scale composite floor plate was tested to investigate the flexural behavior and in-plane effects of the floor slab in a grillage of composite beams that reduces the tendency for longitudinal splitting of the concrete slab along the line of the primary beams. This is important in cases where the steel decking is discontinuous when it is orientated parallel to the beams. In this case, it is important to demonstrate that the amount of transverse reinforcement required to transfer local forces from the shear connectors can be reduced relative to the requirements of Eurocode 4. The mechanism under study involved in-plane compression forces being developed in the slab due to the restraining action of the floor plate, which was held in position by the peripheral composite beams;while the secondary beams acted as transverse ties to resist the forces in the floor plate that would otherwise lead to splitting of the slab along the line of the primary beams. The tendency for cracking along the center line of the primary beam and at the peripheral beams was closely monitored. This is the first large floor plate test that has been carried out under laboratory conditions since the Cardington tests in the early 1990s, although those tests were not carried out to failure. This floor plate test was designed so that the longitudinal force transferred by the primary beams was relatively high (i.e., it was designed for full shear connection), but the transverse reinforcement was taken as the minimum of 0.2% of the concrete area. The test confirmed that the primary beams reached their plastic bending resistance despite the discontinuous decking and transverse reinforcement at the minimum percentage given in Eurocode 4. Based on this test, a reduction factor due to shear connectors at edge beams without U-bars is proposed.

沌口长江大桥主桥边跨结合梁施工工艺分析

沌口长江大桥主桥边跨结合梁施工采用先顶推架设钢槽梁,再安装预制混凝土桥面板,最后浇筑湿接缝的整体施工方案。在沌口长江大桥主桥边跨结合梁施工过程中,根据工程特点提出相应施工方案,在开展具体施工任务时,采取了具有较强实用性的技术措施,显著提升了整个工程项目的施工质量和施工效率,从而保证了施工质量,可为类似工程提供经验参考。

冲击载荷作用下新型加筋板损伤变形试验研究

船舶在遭遇碰撞搁浅事故时,加筋板是最先受到载荷的构件,其耐碰撞性能直接影响船体结构的安全性.文中以船体典型加筋板结构为研究对象,基于重量等效原则设计了结构近似的传统加筋板与U型加强筋加筋板,通过开展落锤碰撞试验,从损伤变形、碰撞载荷方面分析结构响应.结果表明,在相同撞击能量的情况下,U型加强筋加筋板的极限撞深与残余变形均小于传统加筋板,在碰撞后期,U型加强筋加筋板的碰撞力明显高于传统加强筋加筋板.