Transmitted and Reflected Coefficients for Horizontal or Vertical Plate Type Breakwater

Surface or submerged horizontal or vertical plate can be considered as a new concept breakwater. This paper investigates the wave-plate interaction of this type of breakwater by use of the boundary element method. The relationships of wave transmitted and reflected among plate thickness, submergence and length are carefully studied by numerical simulation. It is shown that： （1） The transmitted coefficients of submerged horizontal plate or vertical plate will become larger with the increase of plate thickness and reduce rapidly with the decrease of plate submergence. （2） Both surface horizontal and vertical plate are efficient for intermediate and short wave elimination, but vertical plate is more effective. （3） Submerged horizontal plate can act more effectively than submerged vertical plate does. With all wave frequencies, the vertical plate almost has no wave elimination effect.

Study on Scattering Wave Force of Horizontal and Vertical Plate Type Breakwaters

The interaction between wave and horizontal and vertical plates is investigated by the boundary element method, and the relations of wave exciting force with plate thickness, submergence and length are obtained. It is found that： 1） The efficient wave exciting force exists while plate submergence is less than 0.5 m, and the plate is very thin with order O（0.005 m）. 2） The maximum heave wave exciting force exists, and it is the main factor for surface and submerged horizontal plate while the roll force can be ignored. 3） The maximum sway wave exciting force exists, it is the main factor for surface or submerged vertical plate, and the roll force is about 20 times of horizontal plate.

Flow Field Analysis of Submerged Horizontal Plate Type Breakwater

Submerged horizontal plate can be considered as a new concept breakwater. In order to reveal the wave elimination mechanism of this type breakwater, boundary element method is utilized to investigate the velocity field around plate carefully. The flow field analysis shows that the interaction between incident wave and reverse flow caused by submerged plate will lead to the formation of wave elimination area around both sides of the plate. The velocity magnitude of flow field has been reduced and this is the main reason of wave elimination.

Study on Submerged Upper Arc-Shaped Plate Type Breakwater

Based on the wave radiation and diffraction theory, this paper investigates a new type breakwater with upper arcshaped plate by using the boundary element method(BEM). By comparing with other three designs of plate type breakwater(lower arc-shaped plate, single horizontal plate and double horizontal plate), this new type breakwater has been proved more effective. The wave exiting force, transmission and reflection coefficients are analyzed and discussed. In order to reveal the wave elimination mechanism of this type of breakwater, the velocity field around the breakwater is obtained. It is shown that:(1) The sway exciting force is minimal.(2) When the ratio of the submergence and wave amplitude is 0.05, the wave elimination effect will increase by 50% compared with other three types of breakwater.(3) The obvious backflow is found above the plate in the velocity field analysis.

Characteristic of Local Boiling Heat Transfer of Ammonia and Ammonia/Water Binary Mixture on the Plate Type Evaporator

Power generation using small temperature difference such as ocean thermal energy conversion(OTEC)and discharged thermal energy conversion(DTEC)is expected to be the countermeasures against global warming problem.As ammonia and ammonia/water are used in evaporators for OTEC and DTEC as working fluids,the research of their local boiling heat transfer is important for improvement of the power generation efficiency.Measurements of local boiling heat transfer coefficients were performed for ammonia/water mixture(z=0.9-1)on a vertical flat plate heat exchanger in a range of mass flux(7.5-15 kg/m2s),heat flux(15-23 kW/m 2),and pressure(0.7-0.9 MPa).The result shows that in the case of ammonia/water mixture,the local heat transfer coefficients increase with an increase of mass flux and composition of ammonia,and decrease with an increase of heat flux.

EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS OF DOUBLE CRANK RING-PLATE-TYPE PIN-CYCLOIDAL GEAR PLANETARY DRIVE

From the general formula for calculating the efficiency of planetary geartrains, the efficiency of the double crank ring-plate-type pin-cycloidal gear planetary drive isderived. To prove the theory, an experimental study has been conducted. The tested value of theefficiency of a sample set of the new-type drive in the experiment agrees with the calculated one.It shows that the new-type drive is of not merely high bearing capacity, but also quite highefficiency.

Development of SA-533 Type B CL. 1+SA-240 Type 304L roll-bonded clad steel plate for safety injection tank of CAP1400 nuclear power plant

Aiming to meet the demand of the country＇ s nuclear demonstration project on the CAP1400 nuclear power plant, Baosteel uses the roll-bonding technology and develops the SA-533 Type B CL. 1 ＋ SA-240 Type 304L high-strength and high-toughness clad steel plate with a shear strength of over 310 MPa for the nuclear power plant＇ s safety injection tank. The properties of the quenched and tempered and the simulated post-weld heat treatment states are systematically studied herein through a comprehensive inspection and evaluation of the composition,microstructure,and properties of the clad steel plate. The results show that the bonding interface has high shear strength and that the base metal has high strength and good toughness at low temperatures. Hence, the performance fully meets the technical requirements of the CAP1400 nuclear power plant＇ s safety injection tank in the country＇ s nuclear demonstration project. The roll-bonded clad steel plate can be used to manufacture the safety injection tank of the CAP1400 nuclear power plant.

FURTHER STUDIES ON STROH-TYPE FORMALISMS FOR ANISOTROPIC PLATES WITH BENDING-EXTENSION COUPLING

Stroh-type formalisms for anisotropic thin plates in literature axe reviewed and discussed, and two kinds of hybrid Stroh-type formalisms axe compared. It is seen that the two Stroh-type formalisms are essentially equivalent. With simple transfer relations, they can be expressed each other. In addition, with properly defined notation systems, the two Stroh-type formalisms can also be written in unified forms, which will be convenient in applications.

VIBRATION AND ACOUSTIC RADIATION FROM SUBMERGED STIFFENED SPHERICAL SHELL WITH DECK-TYPE INTERNAL PLATE

Based on the motion differential equations of vibration and acoustic coupling system for thin elastic spherical shell with an elastic plate attached to its internal surface,in which Dirac-δ functions are employed to introduce the moments and forces applied by the attachment on the surface of shell,by means of expanding field quantities as Legendre series,a semi-analytic solution is derived for the vibration and acoustic radiation from a submerged stiffened spherical shell with a deck-type internal plate,which has a satisfactory computational effectiveness and precision for an arbitrary frequency range.It is easy to analyze the effect of the internal plate on the acoustic radiation field by using the formulas obtained by the method proposed.It is concluded that the internal plate can significantly change the mechanical and acoustic characteristics of shell,and give the coupling system a very rich resonance frequency spectrum.Moreover,the method can be used to study the acoustic radiation mechanism in similar structures as the one studied here.

FEA technique of hot plate forming process using cell-typed die with cooling device

Hot plate forming using a cell-typed die is a process for forming a large thick plate with a spherical shape for the manufacture of a large spherical LNG tank.Cell-typed upper and lower dies made of a framework of steel plates fitted to make a grid pattern are used in this process,and an air-cooling device is separately installed inside the lower die.A finite element analysis (FEA) technique was developed,which included hot forming,air flow,cooling and thermal deformation analysis for the hot plate forming process using the cell-typed die.Further,the convective and interface heat transfer coefficients were used to reproduce analytically the effects of the cooling device in the hot plate forming analysis.A small-scale model test of the process was conducted to verify the FEA technique.The analysis results show that the curvature of the final plate agrees well with that of the designed experiment within a maximum relative error of 0.03% at the corner of the plate.

UNCONVENTIONAL HAMILTON-TYPE VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLES FOR DYNAMICS OF REISSNER SANDWICH PLATE

According to the basic idea of classical yin-yang complementarity and modern dual-complementarity, in a simple and unified way proposed by Luo（1987）, some uncon ventional Hamilton-type variational principles for dynamics of Reissner sandwich plate can be established systematically. The unconventional Hamilton-type variation principle can fully characterize the initial boundary value problem of this dynamics. In this paper, an important integral relation is given, which can be considered as the generalized principle of virtual work in mechanics. Based on this relation, it is possible not only to obtain the principle of virtual work in dynamics of Reissner sandwich plate, but also to derive systematically the complementary functionals for fivefield, two-field and one-field unconventional Hamilton-type variational principles by the generalized Legender transformations. Furthermore, with this approach, the intrinsic relationship among the various principles can be explained clearly.

低周反复荷载下T型双波纹钢板混凝土组合剪力墙受力性能试验研究

为研究低周反复荷载下T型双波纹钢板混凝土组合剪力墙的受力性能,对5个T型双波纹钢板混凝土组合剪力墙进行了低周反复加载试验。基于试验数据,分析了T型组合剪力墙的破坏模式、滞回曲线、变形能力及耗能能力,重点研究了边缘约束条件、波纹类型以及轴压比不同变化参数对T型组合剪力墙抗震性能指标的影响规律。研究结果表明:T型双波纹钢板混凝土组合剪力墙破坏模式主要有压屈破坏和压弯破坏两种;设置边缘约束构件是提高T型双波纹钢板混凝土组合剪力墙承载能力和变形能力的关键因素;纵向窄波纹钢板对内部混凝土的约束能力更强,在低周反复荷载下两者协同工作性更优,而横向窄波纹钢板试件强度退化最严重;采用全截面塑性设计方法进行T型双波纹钢板混凝土组合剪力墙正截面承载力计算,试验值与计算值吻合良好;T型双波纹钢板混凝土组合剪力墙具有较好的承载能力和变形能力,可适用于高层及超高层建筑结构中。

Treatment of Complex Proximal Tibial Fractures (Types V &VI of Schautzker Classification) by Double Plate Fixation with Single Anterior Incision

Background: complex proximal tibial fractures (Types V & VI of Schautzker classification) are the major problems in orthopedic surgery and associated with high complication rates. There are many alternatives in treatment of these fractures. Aim: to evaluate the results of double plating with single anterior incision in complex proximal tibial fractures (Types V& VI of Schautzker classification).Methods and Materials: 22 patients (16 males and 6 females) with Types V and VI of Schautzker classification of proximal tibial fractures (14 cases were Type V and 8 cases were Type VI) were treated by double plating with single anterior incision method between May 2006 and May 2011. The bony and functional outcome was evaluated according to Knee Society Score. Results: According to Knee Society Score, the results were as follows: excellent in 19 patients (86.4%), good in 2 patients (9.1%), fair in 1 patient (4/5%), and poor in no patient (0%).Conclusion: the double plate fixation with single anterior incision is the best, effective and simple procedure in treatment of complex proximal tibial fractures (Types V and VI of Schautzker classification).

NB/T 11026-2022《板壳式热交换器》简介

板壳式热交换器是适用于大型化、高参数苛刻环境的高效换热设备,但一直缺乏产品标准对其设计、制造、检验、验收和使用等进行统一规范。从编制的角度对NB/T 11026-2022《板壳式热交换器》的编制背景、编制原则、适用范围、设计理念、设计准则及关键技术要点等进行了简要介绍。

The Hamilton System and Hamilton Type Generalized Variational Principle for the Laminated Composite Plates and Shells

By introducing the Hamilton theory and algorithms into the problems of laminated composite plates andshells, the Hamiltion type generalized variational principle is established, and the Hamilton canonical equations andthe boundary conditions for the static and elastoplastic analysis of composite plates are presented. With thetransformation of phase variables, the Hamilton canonical equations and their boundary conditions for thecylindrical shells and doubly curved shells in the curvilinear coordinate are given.

平板式电化学过滤器构建及对甲基橙去除机制研究

构建了一种“一锅式”平板式电化学过滤器。同时,从电压、流速、电解质、pH多角度优化其甲基橙降解效率,并对其降解机制、稳定性和普适性进行探究。实验结果表明,在电压3 V,电解质浓度10 mmol·L^(-1),流速1.5 mL·min^(-1),pH(4~10)的条件下,甲基橙去除率达95%。淬灭实验表明,体系降解机制为直接氧化。同时,在长时间稳定性实验中,甲基橙去除率仍处于较高水平。在最佳实验条件下,除甲基橙外,罗丹明B以及两者混合后的污染物降解率均在94%以上。

油莎豆联合收获机合页筛片式升运装置设计与试验

针对油莎豆机械化收获过程中升运振动装置除杂效果不明显,导致油莎豆与土壤杂质等分离不彻底,漏土率较低,伤果率较高的问题,以及在升运输送过程中存在土壤堵塞、回带等问题,结合油莎豆果-土-秧团聚体特性,设计了一种合页筛片式升运装置,通过筛片折弯部分增大筛孔面积,对团聚体提供与链筛运动方向相同的推力,使合页式升运装置提高漏土效率且有效避免了回带现象。对其倾角和固定位置进行了分析和设计,运用EDEM进行仿真试验,以油莎豆链筛线速度、链筛板折弯高度、链筛振动频率为试验因素,以油莎豆团聚体漏土率和伤果率为试验指标,通过三因素三水平正交仿真试验,最终得到输送筛片最佳结构参数组合为:链筛线速度1.151 m/s、折弯高度27.779 mm、振频9.561 Hz,此时升运装置漏土率为96.524%、伤果率为2.439%。田间验证试验结果表明:当链筛线速度为1.2 m/s、折弯高度为28 mm、振频为9.5 Hz时,合页式升运装置平均漏土率为96.05%,平均伤果率为2.38%,与仿真试验所测结果基本一致,满足油莎豆升运链筛工作要求。

解剖锁定钛板及桡侧阻挡钛板治疗桡骨远端C型骨折的疗效

目的探讨解剖锁定钛板及桡侧阻挡钛板治疗桡骨远端C型骨折的疗效。方法将40例桡骨远端C型骨折患者按照治疗方法不同分为观察组(采用解剖锁定钛板及桡侧阻挡钛板治疗,20例)和对照组(采用单纯桡骨远端解剖锁定钛板治疗,20例)。记录两组术中骨折复位情况、术中出血量、手术时间、骨折愈合情况、掌倾角、尺偏角及腕关节活动度。结果患者均获得随访,时间2.5~6个月。术中观察组骨折断端均固定良好,对位对线满意,无桡侧骨块移位;对照组9例骨折复位及固定满意,11例存在不同程度的桡侧骨块移位。术中出血量、手术时间两组比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组骨折均愈合,时间10~12周。末次随访时,两组掌倾角比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);尺偏角及腕关节掌屈、背伸活动度观察组均大于对照组(P<0.05)。结论解剖锁定钛板及桡侧阻挡钛板治疗桡骨远端C型骨折,术中骨折复位简单,同时能有效减少桡侧骨块移位,更利于患者腕关节功能恢复。

基于服装CAD制版的服装款式快速转化方法

针对目前市场上裙装款式种类多,且在CAD制版实践中不同款式相关性弱而导致制版效率低的问题,通过分析裙装款式分类现状制定出裙装款式CAD制版再生成设计路径。研究不同裙装领子、袖子和半身裙制版实例,多维度厘清不同裙装款式相关性,并采用CLO3D虚拟制衣实验,总结出领子、袖子和半身裙模块化制版参数,实现CAD制版的服装款式快速转化。研究不同裙装款式利用CAD系统提高制版效率的技巧,提出不同裙装版型转换的理念与方法,为高效使用服装CAD制版提供理论支持和设计方法。

辊板式铝塑泡罩包装机的开发

目的铝塑泡罩包装机分为DPA系列(辊辊型)、DPP(B)系列(平板或板板型)、DPH(T)系列(辊板型)3种类型,针对过去的泡罩包装机存在着一些如封合后会弯曲、影响美观以及效率低下等问题,需要加大力度对泡罩包装机进行设计开发,使其达到国际先进水平。方法DPH(T)系列辊板式铝塑泡罩包装机在辊辊式和平板式铝塑泡罩包装机的技术基础上优化并组合,DPH(T)系列辊板式铝塑泡罩包装机采用平板式吹塑成型(也叫正压成型)和辊式封合技术;新研发的DPH辊板型铝塑泡罩包装机采用摆线运动规律来改善凸轮的动力特性。结果DPH(T)系列铝塑泡罩包装机生产效率高、运行平稳、结构合理、操作简单、性能可靠、消除了刚性和柔性冲击;DPH(T)系列铝塑泡罩包装机广泛用于药品、食品等的包装。结论DPH(T)系列铝塑泡罩包装机综合性能得到了改善和提高,并且有些机型目前已经达到了国际先进水平。