Chemokine platelet factor 4 accelerates peripheral nerve regeneration by regulating Schwann cell activation and axon elongation

Schwann cells in peripheral nerves react to traumatic nerve injury by attempting to grow and regenerate.Howeve r,it is unclear what factors play a role in this process.In this study,we searched a GEO database and found that expression of platelet factor 4 was markedly up-regulated after sciatic nerve injury.Platelet factor is an important molecule in cell apoptosis,diffe rentiation,survival,and proliferation.Further,polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical staining confirmed the change in platelet factor 4 in the sciatic nerve at different time points after injury.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay confirmed that platelet factor 4 was secreted by Schwann cells.We also found that silencing platelet factor 4 decreased the proliferation and migration of primary cultured Schwann cells,while exogenously applied platelet factor 4 stimulated Schwann cell prolife ration and migration and neuronal axon growth.Furthermore,knocking out platelet factor 4 inhibited the prolife ration of Schwann cells in injured rat sciatic nerve.These findings suggest that Schwann cell-secreted platelet factor 4 may facilitate peripheral nerve repair and regeneration by regulating Schwann cell activation and axon growth.Thus,platelet factor 4 may be a potential therapeutic target for traumatic peripheral nerve injury.

Clinical significance of platelet mononuclear cell aggregates in patients with sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome

BACKGROUND The diagnosis of sepsis combined with acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)has increased owing to the enhanced awareness among medical profes-sionals and the continuous development of modern medical technologies,while early diagnosis of ARDS still lacks specific biomarkers.One of the main patho-genic mechanisms of sepsis-associated ARDS involves the actions of various pathological injuries and inflammatory factors,such as platelet and white blood cells activation,leading to an increase of surface adhesion molecules.These adhesion molecules further form platelet-white blood cell aggregates,including platelet-mononuclear cell aggregates(PMAs).PMAs has been identified as one of the markers of platelet activation,here we hypothesize that PMAs might play a potential biomarker for the early diagnosis of this complication.METHODS We selected 72 hospitalized patients diagnosed with sepsis as the study population between March 2019 and March 2022.Among them,30 patients with sepsis and ARDS formed the study group,while 42 sepsis patients without ARDS comprised the control group.After diagnosis,venous blood samples were imme-diately collected from all patients.Flow cytometry was employed to analyze the expression of PMAs,platelet neutrophil aggregates(PNAs),and platelet aggregates(PLyAs)in the serum.Additionally,the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE)II score was calculated for each patient,and receiver operating characteristic curves were generated to assess diagnostic value.RESULTS The study found that the levels of PNAs and PLyAs in the serum of the study group were higher than those in the control group,but the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).However,the expression of PMAs in the serum of the study group was significantly upregulated(P<0.05)and positively correlated with the APACHE II score(r=0.671,P<0.05).When using PMAs as a diagnostic indicator,the area under the curve value was 0.957,indicating a high diagnostic value(P<0.05).Furthermore,the optimal cutoff value was 8.418%,with a diagnostic sensitivity of 0.819 and specificity of 0.947.CONCLUSION In summary,the serum levels of PMAs significantly increase in patients with sepsis and ARDS.Therefore,serum PMAs have the potential to become a new biomarker for clinically diagnosing sepsis complicated by ARDS.

Case of Refractory Thrombocytopenia in Pregnancy Associated with May-Heglin Anomaly after Repeated Platelet Transfusions

May-Heglin Anomaly is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by macrothrombocytopenia with a platelet function that is usually preserved. Platelets play an essential role in hemostasis. During pregnancy, a woman is susceptible to complications, including postpartum hemorrhage. Monitoring patients’ hemostatic functions and observing the patient’s clinical picture to maintain patient safety is paramount, while avoiding unnecessary therapeutic measures. This case report presents a rare instance of May-Heglin Anomaly (MHA) in a 35-year-old pregnant patient, with refractory thrombocytopenia despite receiving multiple platelet transfusions. Initially referred to as gravida 5 para 4 with severe thrombocytopenia at 28 weeks gestation, throughout her pregnancy, she was closely monitored and received over 40 units of platelets, which failed to increase her platelet count significantly. She delivered a healthy baby via vaginal delivery at 38 weeks, with her platelet count still critically low. This report highlights the challenges of managing MHA in pregnancy, the inefficacy of standard thrombocytopenia treatments such as platelet transfusion in MHA patients, and the importance of tailored management strategies to ensure maternal and fetal safety.

Kelp Fucoidans Facilitate Vascular Recanalization via Inhibiting Excessive Activation of Platelet in Deep Venous Thrombosis Model of Mouse

This study was carried out explore the mechanism underlying the inhibition of platelet activation by kelp fucoidans in deep venous thrombosis(DVT)mouse.In the control and sham mice,the walls of deep vein were regular and smooth with intact intima,myometrium and adventitia.The blood vessel was wrapped with the tissue and there was no thrombosis in the lumen.In the DVT model,the wall was uneven with thicken intima,myometrium and adventitia.After treated with fucoidans LF1 and LF2,the thrombus was dissolved and the blood vessel was recanalized.Compared with the control group,the ROS content,ET-1 and VWF content and the expression of PKC-βand NF-κB in the model were significantly higher(P<0.05);these levels were significantly reduced following treatments with LF2 and LF1.Compared with H_(2)O_(2)treated-HUVECs,combined LF1 and LF2 treatment resulted in significant decrease in the expression of PKC-β,NF-κB,VWF and TM protein(P<0.05).It is clear that LF1 and LF2 reduces DVT-induced ET-1,VWF and TM expressions and production of ROS,thus inhibiting the activation of PKC-β/NF-κB signal pathway and the activation of coagulation system and ultimately reducing the formation of venous thrombus.

Aspirin suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma progression by inhibiting platelet activity

BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most common malignant liver disease in the world.Platelets(PLTs)are known to play a key role in the maintenance of liver homeostasis and the pathophysiological processes of a variety of liver diseases.Aspirin is the most classic antiplatelet agent.However,the molecular mechanism of platelet action and whether aspirin can affect HCC progression by inhibiting platelet activity need further study.AIM To explore the impact of the antiplatelet effect of aspirin on the development of HCC.METHODS Platelet-rich plasma,platelet plasma,pure platelet,and platelet lysate were prepared,and a coculture model of PLTs and HCC cells was established.CCK-8 analysis,apoptosis analysis,Transwell analysis,and real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)were used to analyze the effects of PLTs on the growth,metastasis,and inflammatory microenvironment of HCC.RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the effects of platelet activation on tumor-related signaling pathways.Aspirin was used to block the activation and aggregation of PLTs both in vitro and in vivo,and the effect of PLTs on the progression of HCC RESULTS PLTs significantly promoted the growth,invasion,epithelial-mesenchymal transition,and formation of an inflammatory microenvironment in HCC cells.Activated PLTs promoted HCC progression by activating the mitogenactivated protein kinase/protein kinase B/signal transducer and activator of transcription three(MAPK/AKT/STAT3)signaling axis.Additionally,aspirin inhibited HCC progression in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting platelet activation.CONCLUSION PLTs play an important role in the pathogenesis of HCC,and aspirin can affect HCC progression by inhibiting platelet activity.These results suggest that antiplatelet therapy has promising application prospects in the treatment and combined treatment of HCC.

Inverse relationship between platelet Akt activity and hippocampal atrophy:A pilot case-control study in patients with diabetes mellitus

BACKGROUND Akt plays diverse roles in humans.It is involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),which is caused by insulin resistance.Akt also plays a vital role in human platelet activation.Furthermore,the hippocampus is closely associated with memory and learning,and a decrease in hippocampal volume is reportedly associated with an insulin-resistant phenotype in T2DM patients without dementia.AIM To investigate the relationship between Akt phosphorylation in unstimulated platelets and the hippocampal volume in T2DM patients.METHODS Platelet-rich plasma(PRP)was prepared from the venous blood of patients with T2DM or age-matched controls.The pellet lysate of the centrifuged PRP was subjected to western blotting to analyse the phosphorylation of Akt,p38 mitogen-activated protein(MAP)kinase and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH).Phosphorylation levels were quantified by densitometric analysis.Hippocampal volume was analysed using a voxel-based specific regional analysis system for Alzheimer’s disease on magnetic resonance imaging,which proposes the Z-score as a parameter that reflects hippocampal volume.RESULTS The levels of phosphorylated Akt corrected with phosphorylated p38 MAP kinase were inversely correlated with the Z-scores in the T2DM subjects,whereas the levels of phosphorylated Akt corrected with GAPDH were not.However,this relationship was not observed in the control patients.CONCLUSION These results suggest that an inverse relationship may exist between platelet Akt activation and hippocampal atrophy in T2DM patients.Our findings provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying T2DM hippocampal atrophy.

Platelet indices as predictors of poor glucoregulation in type 2 diabetes mellitus adults at Bishoftu General Hospital,Ethiopia

BACKGROUND Diabetes is a chronic metabolic syndrome that has become a global public health problem with significant morbidity and mortality.It is a pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic condition characterized by increased platelet activation and alterations in platelet indices.However,the use of platelet indices as predictors of poor glucoregulation has not been fully evaluated in this context,and evidence for their role as predictors of poor glycemic status in diabetic patients is limited.AIM To evaluate platelet indices and determine their prognostic significance in relation to inadequate glucoregulation among individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes at Bishoftu General Hospital in Ethiopia,from June 15 to August 12,2022.METHODS A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in 261 participants including 174 individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and 87 non-diabetic controls.The systematic random sampling technique was used to select participants.Data were collected using structured questionnaires,physical measurements,checklists,and laboratory tests.Platelet parameters and fasting blood glucose levels were determined from blood samples using Sysmex-XN550 and CobasC311 analyzers,respectively.The hematology analyzer output was checked and participants were also screened for malaria parasites using a prepared blood smear.Collected data were entered into Epi-data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis.Theχ^(2) test,Mann-Whitney U test,Kruskal-Wallis test,post hoc test,Spearman correlation,and receiver operating characteristic curve were used for analysis.A P value<0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS The results of our study indicate that diabetic patients have significantly higher levels of platelet distribution width(PDW),mean platelet volume(MPV),platelet large cell ratio(PLCR),and plateletcrit(PCT)compared to healthy individuals(P<0.001).Furthermore,these indices were found to be significantly elevated in individuals with poor glycemic control in T2DM compared to those with good glycemic control and healthy controls.We also observed significant correlations between these indices and various anthropometric and clinical variables.Our findings suggest that PDW,with a cut-off value of 15.75 fL and an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.803,MPV,with a cut-off value of 12.25 fL and an AUC of 0.774,PLCR,with a cut-off value of 36.3%and an AUC of 0.775,and PCT,with a cut-off value of 0.24%and an AUC of 0.761,can serve as predictors of poor glycemic control in patients with diabetes mellitus.CONCLUSION The observed correlation between diabetic patients and a significant increase in platelet indices has highlighted their potential as predictors of poor glycemic control in diabetes.Therefore,regular screening and profiling of platelet indices is recommended as part of the follow-up process for individuals with diabetes mellitus.

Intra-articular interventions in osteoarthritis:Navigating the landscape of hyaluronic acid,mesenchymal stem cells,and plateletrich plasma

Osteoarthritis(OA)poses a substantial burden on patients,leading to pain,functional decline,and reduced quality of life.While conventional treatments focus on symptom management,disease-modifying interventions are yet to be established.This review explores the efficacy of intra-articular interventions,particularly hyaluronic acid(HA),mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs),and platelet-rich plasma(PRP),in the context of OA management.HA injections,with diverse formulations like Hylan G-F20,sodium hyaluronate,and hyaluronan,present varying outcomes,necessitating a nuanced understanding of their effectiveness and timing.MSC therapy,derived from adipose tissue,umbilical cord,or bone marrow,shows promising results in clinical improvement,with adipose-derived MSCs demonstrating efficacy in maintaining benefits over 6 mo.Conversely,bone-marrow-derived MSCs show limited effectiveness,highlighting the need for sourcespecific considerations.PRP has emerged as a superior option for long-term pain reduction and quality of life improvement,with leukocyte-poor formulations and a critical platelet count of 10 billion demonstrating optimal results.This comprehensive analysis underscores the potential of intra-articular interventions in OA management,emphasizing the need for personalized and evidence-based approaches to enhance treatment efficacy and patient outcomes.

Prognostic utility of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase to platelet ratio in patients with solitary hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy

BACKGROUND The prognostic impact of preoperative gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase to platelet ratio(GPR)levels in patients with solitary hepatitis B virus(HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)following radical resection has not been established.AIM To examine the clinical utility of GPR for prognosis prediction in solitary HBVrelated HCC patients.METHODS A total of 1167 solitary HBV-related HCC patients were retrospectively analyzed.GPR levels were compared with 908 non-HCC individuals.Overall survival(OS)and recurrence-free survival(RFS)were evaluated,and cox proportional hazard model analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors.Differences in characteristics were adjusted by propensity score matching(PSM).Subgroup and stratified survival analyses for HCC risks were performed,and a linear trend of the hazard ratio(HR)according to GPR levels was constructed.RESULTS GPR levels of patients with solitary HBV-related HCC were higher than those with hepatic hemangiomas,chronic hepatitis B and healthy control(adjusted P<0.05).Variable bias was diminished after the PSM balance test.The low GPR group had improved OS(P<0.001)and RFS(P<0.001)in the PSM analysis and when combined with other variables.Multivariate cox analyses suggested that low GPR levels were associated with a better OS(HR=0.5,95%CI:0.36-0.7,P<0.001)and RFS(HR=0.57,95%CI:0.44-0.73,P<0.001).This same trend was confirmed in subgroup analyses.Prognostic nomograms were constructed and the calibration curves showed that GPR had good survival prediction.Moreover,stratified survival analyses found that GPR>0.6 was associated with a worse OS and higher recurrence rate(P for trend<0.001).CONCLUSION Preoperative GPR can serve as a noninvasive indicator to predict the prognosis of patients with solitary HBVrelated HCC.

Platelet counts to spleen diameter ratio:A promising noninvasive tool for predicting esophageal varices in cirrhosis patients

BACKGROUND Liver cirrhosis is the end stage of progressive liver fibrosis as a consequence of chronic liver inflammation,wherein the standard hepatic architecture is replaced by regenerative hepatic nodules,which eventually lead to liver failure.Cirrhosis without any symptoms is referred to as compensated cirrhosis.Complications such as ascites,variceal bleeding,and hepatic encephalopathy indicate the onset of decompensated cirrhosis.Gastroesophageal varices are the hallmark of clini-cally significant portal hypertension.AIM To determine the accuracy of the platelet count-to-spleen diameter(PC/SD)ratio to evaluate esophageal varices(EV)in patients with cirrhosis.METHODS This retrospective observational study was conducted at Tikur Anbessa Specia-lized Hospital and Adera Medical Center from January 1,2019,to December 30,2023.Data were collected via chart review and direct patient interviews using structured questionnaires.The data were exported to the SPSS software version 26 for analysis and clearance.A receiver operating characteristic curve was plotted for splenic diameter,platelet count,and PC/SD ratio to obtain sensitivity,speci-ficity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,positive likelihood ratio,and negative likelihood ratio.RESULTS Of the 140 participants,67%were men.Hepatitis B(38%)was the most common cause of cirrhosis,followed by cryptogenic cirrhosis(28%)and hepatitis C(16%).Approximately 83.6%of the participants had endoscopic evidence of EV,whereas 51.1%had gastric varices.Decompensated cirrhosis and PC were associated with the presence of EV with adjusted odds ratios of 12.63(95%CI:3.16-67.58,P=0.001)and 0.14(95%CI:0.037-0.52,P=0.004),respectively.A PC/SD ratio<1119 had a sensitivity of 86.32%and specificity of 70%with area under the curve of 0.835(95%CI:0.736-0.934,P<0.001).CONCLUSION A PC/SD ratio<1119 predicts EV in patients with cirrhosis.It is a valuable,noninvasive tool for EV risk assess-ment in resource-limited settings.

Red cell distribution width/platelet ratio estimates the 3-year risk of decompensation in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease-induced cirrhosis

BACKGROUND For compensated advanced chronic liver disease(cACLD)patients,the first decompensation represents a dramatically worsening prognostic event.Based on the first decompensation event(DE),the transition to decompensated advanced chronic liver disease(dACLD)can occur through two modalities referred to as acute decompensation(AD)and non-AD(NAD),respectively.Clinically Significant Portal Hypertension(CSPH)is considered the strongest predictor of decompensation in these patients.However,due to its invasiveness and costs,CSPH is almost never evaluated in clinical practice.Therefore,recognizing noninvasively predicting tools still have more appeal across healthcare systems.The red cell distribution width to platelet ratio(RPR)has been reported to be an indicator of hepatic fibrosis in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease(MASLD).However,its predictive role for the decompensation has never been explored.AIM In this observational study,we investigated the clinical usage of RPR in predicting DEs in MASLD-related cACLD patients.METHODS Fourty controls and 150 MASLD-cACLD patients were consecutively enrolled and followed up(FUP)semiannually for 3 years.At baseline,biochemical,clinical,and Liver Stiffness Measurement(LSM),Child-Pugh(CP),Model for End-Stage Liver Disease(MELD),aspartate aminotransferase/platelet count ratio index(APRI),Fibrosis-4(FIB-4),Albumin-Bilirubin(ALBI),ALBI-FIB-4,and RPR were collected.During FUP,DEs(timing and modaities)were recorded.CSPH was assessed at the baseline and on DE occurrence according to the available Clinical Practice Guidelines.RESULTS Of 150 MASLD-related cACLD patients,43(28.6%)progressed to dACLD at a median time of 28.9 months(29 NAD and 14 AD).Baseline RPR values were significantly higher in cACLD in comparison to controls,as well as MELD,CP,APRI,FIB-4,ALBI,ALBI-FIB-4,and LSM in dACLD-progressing compared to cACLD individuals[all P<0.0001,except for FIB-4(P:0.007)and ALBI(P:0.011)].Receiving operator curve analysis revealed RPR>0.472 and>0.894 as the best cut-offs in the prediction respectively of 3-year first DE,as well as its superiority compared to the other non-invasive tools examined.RPR(P:0.02)and the presence of baseline-CSPH(P:0.04)were significantly and independently associated with the DE.Patients presenting baseline-CSPH and RPR>0.472 showed higher risk of decompensation(P:0.0023).CONCLUSION Altogether these findings suggest the RPR as a valid and potentially applicable non-invasive tool in the prediction of timing and modalities of decompensation in MASLD-related cACLD patients.

Salivary C-reactive protein and mean platelet volume as possible diagnostic markers for late-onset neonatal pneumonia

BACKGROUND Neonatal sepsis,a formidable threat to newborns,is a leading cause of neonatal mortality,with late-onset sepsis manifesting after 72 hours post-birth being particularly concerning.Pneumonia,a prevalent sepsis presentation,poses a significant risk,especially during the neonatal phase when lung defenses are compromised.Accurate diagnosis of pneumonia is imperative for timely and effective interventions.Saliva,a minimally invasive diagnostic medium,holds great promise for evaluating infections,especially in infants.AIM To investigate the potential of serum C-reactive protein(CRP),salivary CRP(sCRP),and mean platelet volume(MPV)as diagnostic markers for late-onset neonatal pneumonia(LONP).METHODS Eighty full-term neonates were systematically examined,considering anthropometric measurements,clinical manifestations,radiology findings,and essential biomarkers,including serum CRP,sCRP,and MPV.RESULTS The study reveals noteworthy distinctions in serum CRP levels,MPV,and the serum CRP/MPV ratio between neonates with LONP and healthy controls.MPV exhibited a robust discriminatory ability[area under the curve(AUC)=0.87]with high sensitivity and specificity at a cutoff value of>8.8.Correlations between serum CRP,sCRP,and MPV were also identified.Notably,sCRP demonstrated excellent predictive value for serum CRP levels(AUC=0.89),underscoring its potential as a diagnostic tool.CONCLUSION This study underscores the diagnostic promise of salivary and serum biomarkers,specifically MPV and CRP,in identifying and predicting LONP among neonates.These findings advocate for further research to validate their clinical utility in larger neonatal cohorts.

不同激活剂对富血小板血浆生长因子的影响

背景:生长因子是富血小板血浆在临床治疗中发挥作用的关键效应分子,不同激活剂激活富血小板血浆后生长因子浓度存在差异,是影响临床疗效的重要因素。目的:分析不同激活剂对富血小板血浆中生长因子质量浓度的影响。方法:招募12名健康志愿者,采集EDTA-K2抗凝静脉血,应用二次离心法制备富血小板血浆。比较静脉血与富血小板血浆中生长因子的质量浓度差异。将富血小板血浆分别与4种激活剂(生理盐水、凝血酶、葡萄糖酸钙、葡萄糖酸钙+凝血酶)按照体积比10∶1混匀,置于37℃恒温水浴箱孵育30 min,离心后提取上清液,检测生长因子质量浓度;利用血琼脂平板检测上清液中的细菌生长情况;采用Pearson相关分析不同激活剂与富血小板血浆中生长因子质量浓度的相关性,血小板计数值与富血小板血浆中生长因子质量浓度的相关性。结果与结论:(1)富血小板血浆中血小板衍生生长因子BB、血小板衍生生长因子AB、血管内皮生长因子、表皮生长因子的质量浓度分别是静脉血中对应生长因子质量浓度的8.7,22.2,2.3,2.8倍(P <0.05);(2)与生理盐水组比较,凝血酶组、葡萄糖酸钙组、葡萄糖酸钙+凝血酶组中血小板衍生生长因子BB、血小板衍生生长因子AB、血管内皮生长因子、表皮生长因子质量浓度升高(P <0.05);凝血酶组、葡萄糖酸钙组血小板衍生生长因子BB质量浓度高于葡萄糖酸钙+凝血酶组(P <0.05),凝血酶组血小板衍生生长因子AB质量浓度高于葡萄糖酸钙组、葡萄糖酸钙+凝血酶组(P <0.05),凝血酶组表皮生长因子质量浓度低于葡萄糖酸钙组、葡萄糖酸钙+凝血酶组(P <0.05);(3)血琼脂平板实验结果显示4组上清液中均无细菌生长;(4)Pearson相关分析显示,富血小板血浆中血小板衍生生长因子BB质量浓度与凝血酶存在正向强相关性(r=0.683,P <0.05),血管内皮生长因子质量浓度与凝血酶、葡萄糖酸钙、葡萄糖酸钙+凝血酶激混合剂存在正向强相关性(r=0.730,0.789,0.686,P <0.05);富血小板中血小板计数值与4种生长因子质量浓度均无相关性(P> 0.05);(5)结果提示,不同激活剂对富血小板血浆中生长因子浓度产生不同影响,建议临床根据不同生长因子质量浓度和治疗需求选择不同激活剂,以提高临床疗效。

不同剂量替格瑞洛治疗ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的有效性和安全性:基于倾向性评分匹配

背景双联抗血小板治疗是接受直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PPCI)的ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者治疗的基础。阿司匹林联合替格瑞洛是STEMI患者抗血小板治疗的首选方案,与氯吡格雷相比,其能够更快、更有效地抑制血小板,并改善预后。但是尚缺乏在接受PPCI治疗的STEMI患者中应用减量替格瑞洛的研究。目的基于倾向性评分匹配(PSM)的方法,对比分析不同剂量替格瑞洛治疗STEMI患者的有效性和安全性。方法连续选取2019年6月—2021年5月在河北医科大学第二医院心血管内五科行PPCI并接受替格瑞洛治疗的STEMI患者为研究对象。根据应用替格瑞洛的维持剂量将患者分为减量组(60例:替格瑞洛60 mg/次,2次/d)和标准组(180例:替格瑞洛90 mg/次,2次/d)。采用PSM法对两组患者进行1∶1匹配,匹配变量包括性别、年龄、既往病史、入院时Killip分级和介入治疗相关参数等,最终减量组和标准组各纳入54例患者。分别于出院1、3、6个月时,对两组患者进行随访,记录和比较两组患者血小板功能相关参数和临床事件的发生情况。结果PSM后两组患者基线资料、介入治疗参数和住院期间主要不良心血管事件发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。基线时,两组患者血小板计数(PLT)、平均血小板体积(MPV)、血小板分布宽度(PDW)比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);减量组患者血小板聚集率(PAR)低于标准组(P<0.05)。出院时,减量组患者MPV高于标准组,PDW低于标准组(P<0.05)。出院1个月时,两组患者PLT、MPV、PDW、PAR比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。出院3个月时,减量组患者PDW高于标准组(P<0.05)。出院6个月时,减量组患者MPV高于标准组(P<0.05)。减量组患者出院前后PLT、PAR比较,标准组患者出院前后PLT、PDW比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。减量组、标准组患者出院时MPV高于基线,减量组患者出院时PDW低于基线,标准组患者出院时PAR低于基线(P<0.05)。减量组患者出院1、3、6个月MPV低于出院时,PDW高于出院时(P<0.05);标准组患者1、3、6个月PAR低于基线,高于出院时(P<0.05)。两组患者随访期间主要不良心血管事件、严重出血事件发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在接受PPCI的STEMI患者中替格瑞洛60 mg治疗是安全有效的。

Successful Treatment of Severe Heparin-induced Thrombocytopenia with Intravenous Immunoglobulin, Platelet Transfusion and Rivaroxaban: A Case Report

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia(HIT) is a relatively infrequent complication of heparin administration. HIT can cause devastating thrombosis, making it one of the most serious adverse drug reactions encountered in clinical practice. We successfully treated a case of severe HIT presenting with thrombosis and life-threatening bleeding complications with intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG), platelet transfusion and oral anticoagulant Rivaroxaban. In this case, we considered that IVIG played the most important role by preventing further thrombosis, increasing the platelet count, and ensuring the efficacy of Rivaroxaban. We therefore suggest that IVIG might be the optimal treatment for patients with this urgent condition.

Effect of Platelet Activation and Endothelial Cell Injury on Malignant Cancer

Objective: To study the effects of platelet activation and endothelial cell injury on the patients with malignant tumor and their prognoses.Methods: Radioimmunity and ELISA methods were employed to detect the TXB2, GMP-140, vWF, cGMP and FN in 78 cases of malignant tumor and 40 healthy control persons.Results: The levels of TXB2, MP-140 and cGMP were increased in intestinal cancer group, lung cancer group and hepatic cancer group, while FN decreased in intestinal cancer and lung cancer group. cGMP was positively related to TXB2, GMP-140, vWF in malignant tumor group. FN was decreased in the group complicated with infection and the group with metastasis, while the other indexes increased. GMP-140, vWF and cGMP was decreased after operation except for the increasing of FN.Conclusion: Activations of platelet and injury of endothelial cells developed in patients with malignant tumor, and both of them affected the metastasis and prognosis of malignant tumor. Key words platelet activation - epithelium injury - malignant tumor - metastasis This work was supported by grants from Guangdong Medical Science foundation (A2000633).

Characterization of Platelet Activating Factor (PAF)Binding Sites in Rabbit Platelet Membranes

本文用放射配基受体结合实验方法研究了兔血小板膜上血小板活化因子（PAF）受体的性质。[^3H]-PAF与膜的特异结合率达70－80％，在25℃测得PAF与膜结合的平衡解离常数（Kd）为40.8nmol/L，最大结合位点为5.4pmol/mg蛋白。特异的PAF受体拮抗剂海风藤酮对结合有较强的抑制作用，IC50为30.0μmol/L。（－）－denudatin B，樟叶素(polysyphorin）和南藤素（wallichinine）是从中草药中分离的化合物，均能抑制这一结合，其IC50分别为0.6μmol/L、10μmol/L和2.5μmol/L。

富血小板血浆来源的血小板细胞外囊泡分离技术与应用

背景:血小板细胞外囊泡是循环中最丰富的囊泡,富含丰富的生物活性分子、遗传物质及蛋白质等信息分子,参与细胞通讯和物质交换,不仅具有良好的促凝活性,还具有促进组织修复和再生的巨大潜力,在再生医学具有广泛的应用前景。目的:从血小板细胞外囊泡的分泌机制、在再生医学领域的应用及临床转化的限制因素进行阐述,为血小板细胞外囊泡的临床转化提供一些理论支撑。方法:应用计算机检索2005年1月至2023年8月PubMed数据库与血小板细胞外囊泡有关的文章,英文检索词为“platelet-derived,plateletrich plasma,extracellular vesicles,isolated,microvesicles exosomes,applications”,最后纳入符合主题标准的文献62篇进行综述分析。结果与结论:(1)活化的血小板细胞外囊泡可产生血小板微囊泡和血小板外泌体两种类型的囊泡,前者的分泌可能与肌动蛋白细胞骨架的不对称性相关,后者的分泌可能与H^(+)-ATP酶的调节相关。(2)血小板细胞外囊泡是血小板浓缩物和血小板本身的潜在效应物,可能通过促进血管生成、影响细胞行为、促凝与止血以及发挥炎症作用等几方面影响组织再生。(3)血小板细胞外囊泡在组织损伤、肌肉再生、软骨再生、骨关节炎等再生医学领域已有临床前报道,作为伤口愈合的潜在治疗方法已有临床试验数据,但血小板细胞外囊泡的分离方法、样本来源以及激活剂的种类等因素限制了血小板细胞外囊泡在再生医学领域的临床转化。(4)未来血小板细胞外囊泡可能成为再生医学中替代富血小板血浆的无细胞疗法,其临床转化还需要积极寻找鉴别血小板细胞外囊泡和血小板外泌体的特异性标志物,在激活剂刺激血小板细胞外囊泡产生的机制以及血小板细胞外囊泡的最佳收集方式、最佳储存方法、保质期限、临床应用的推荐剂量和最佳临床适应证还需要继续深入研究。

Studies on the Basic Principles for the Processing of Rhizoma Cibotii Part Ⅰ Influence of Rhizoma Cibotii and Its Processed Samples on Thrombin Induced Rabbit Platelet Aggregation

比较研究了狗脊及其不同炮制品对凝血酶诱导的兔血小板聚集作用的影响 ,各炮制品均有抑制血小板聚集作用 ,抗血小板聚集作用砂烫品 >盐制品 >酒蒸品 >单蒸品 >

富血小板血浆干预细胞自噬和凋亡治疗骨关节炎

背景:富血小板血浆通过调节自噬和凋亡细胞因子、信号转导通路等方面在干预骨关节炎发展过程中发挥了重要作用。目的:总结近年来富血小板血浆在骨关节炎中发挥作用的细胞因子与信号通路,以及与软骨细胞自噬和凋亡的相关性,为未来治疗骨关节炎提供有效的靶点。方法:在中国知网、万方数据库、维普、PubMed、Web of Science和Medline数据库进行文献检索,以“富血小板血浆,软骨细胞,细胞凋亡,细胞自噬,骨关节炎,细胞因子,信号通路”作为中文检索词,以“platelet-rich plasma,chondrocyte,apoptosis,autophagy,osteoarthritis,cytokines,signaling pathway”作为英文检索词,对最终纳入的66篇文献进行了系统性的总结和归纳。结果与结论:现有研究显示富血小板血浆能够通过多种途径促进软骨修复,助力骨组织愈合,其主要分为3个方面:①富血小板血浆参与调控了微自噬小体的延伸、闭合与成熟,并在特定条件下促进软骨细胞巨自噬和分子伴侣介导的细胞自噬,促进LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ、Beclin1等自噬相关因子的表达,抑制P62/SQSTM1的表达,目前尚未有明确的研究直接探讨富血小板血浆对热休克蛋白的具体作用,未来在这一领域值得进一步研究;②富血小板血浆释放的各类生长因子抑制促凋亡因子Caspase、白细胞介素1β、肿瘤坏死因子α的表达,促进抗凋亡因子Bcl-2的表达,阻止软骨细胞凋亡和变性;③富血小板血浆通过激活PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路、NF-κB信号转导通路、死亡受体通路、线粒体应激通路等途径,抑制Bax和Caspase的表达,阻止细胞色素c的释放,从而抑制软骨细胞死亡和坏死性凋亡。综合而言,富血小板血浆促进软骨修复、支持软骨再生及发挥抗炎作用,其在软骨细胞中实现生物效应通常依赖于细胞自噬和凋亡相关细胞因子及信号通路的调控。