Effect of Xiaoyu Zhixue Tablet (消瘀止血片) on Expression ofPlatelet Membrane Glycoproteins in Patients withHemorrhagic Thrombopathy

Objective: To observe the effect of Xiaoyu Zhixue tablet (消瘀止血片,XYZXT) on the expression of platelet membrane glycoproteins in patients with hemorrhagic thrombopathy, and to explore its possible mechanism. Methods: The total of 148 patients with hemorrhagic thrombopathy were randomly divided into two groups, the traditional Chinese medicicne (TCM) group (n=98) treated with XYZXT and the Western medicine (WM) group (n=50) treated with adrenosin, vitamins C, K and P, both for 6 months. The therapeutic effect and the recovery rate of platelet aggregation in the two groups were observed. And platelet membrane glycoprotein (GP) Ⅰb/Ⅸ, GPⅡb/Ⅲa complexes, GPⅠb, GPⅡb, GP Ⅲa and P-selectin were analyzed by flow cytometry in both groups before and after treatment and also in 34 normal healthy subjects. Results: The total effective rate of hemostasis was 89. 8% in TCM group and 54. 0% in the WM group (x2=45.83, P<0.01), and the recovery rate of platelet aggregation was 72.4% and 4.0% respectively (x2=62.06, P<0.01). The fluorescence intensity of GP Ⅰ b/Ⅸ, GPⅡb/Ⅲa complexes, GPⅠb, GPⅢa and P-selectin were lower in both groups before treatment than those in the healthy subjects. Expression of above-mentioned marks was elevated in TCM group after 6 months' therapy, which was insignificantly different as compared with the healthy subjects (P>0.05) and higher than those in the WM group (P<0.05). Conclusion: One of the mechanisms in treating hemorrhagic thrombopathy with XYZXT is that it could regulate the expression of GP Ⅰb/Ⅸ, GPⅡ b/Ⅲa complexes, GPⅠb, GPⅢa and P-selectin at the level of receptor protein.

Expression of Platelet Membrane Glycoprotein Ib/Ⅸ/Ⅴ Complex,a Receptor of Thrombin,in Patients with Hemorrhagic Thrombopathy

To investigate the role of platelet membrane glycoprotein （GP） Ib/Ⅸ/Ⅴ complex and its subunit GP Ibα in patients with hemorrhagic thrombopathy （HT）, the expressions of GP Ib/Ⅸ/Ⅴ complex and GP Ibα,defined as mean fluorescence intensity （MFI）, were assessed by flow cytometry. The maximum aggregation of platelet was determined by turbidity method. These indicators were compared among 68 HT patients with the presenting complaint of hemorrhage, 33 well-controlled HT patients and 32 normal healthy subjects. The results showed that the MFI of GP Ib/Ⅸ /Ⅴ complex and GP Ibα was markedly lower in HT patients with current hemorrhage than that in the healthy subjects, with difference being statistically significant （P〈0.05）. There was no significant difference in the expressions of GP Ib/ Ⅸ/ Ⅴ complex and GP Ibα between well-controlled HT patients and normal healthy subjects （P〉0.05）. It was concluded that the expression of GP Ib/Ⅸ /Ⅴ complex, the receptor of thrombin and von Willebrand factor, was down-regulated in HT patients with current hemorrhage, which might result in the dysfunction of platelet aggregation and recurrence of HT.

Association of the Platelet Membrane Glycoprotein Ⅰa C807T Gene Polymorphism with Aspirin Resistance

To explore the correlation between the C807T polymorphism of platelet membrane glycoprotein Ⅰa （GP Ⅰa） gene and aspirin resistance in Chinese people, 200 patients with high-risk of atherosclerosis took aspirin （100 mg/d） for 7 days. Platelet aggregation function was detected using adenosine diphosphate （ADP） and arachidonic acid （AA） before and after the administration of aspirin. Then the subjects were divided into three groups according to the results of platelet aggregation function： an aspirin resistant （AR） group, an aspirin semi-responder （ASR） group and an aspirin-sensitive （AS） group. Platelet GP Ⅰa gene 807CT polymorphism was examined by means of polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primers （PCR-SSP）. The results showed that T allelic frequency in AR group and ASR group were higher that of AS group （P〈0.005）, and the prevalence of genotypes （TT＋TC） of these two groups was significantly higher than that in AS group （P〈0.05）. Platelet GP Ⅰa T allele was significantly associated with aspirin resistance as revealed by multiple logistic regression （OR=3.76, 95% CI： 2.87-9.58）. The results suggest that inherited platelet GP Ⅰa variations may have an important impact on aspirin resistance and the presence of GP Ⅰa T allele may be a marker of genetic susceptibility to aspirin resistance.

Effect of Xiaoyu Zhixue Tablet(消瘀止血片) on the Expression of Platelet Membrane Glycoprotein Ⅰb/Ⅸ/Ⅴ Complex in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure

Objective： To investigate the effect of Xiaoyu Zhixue Tablet （消瘀止血片, XYZXT） on the expression of platelet membrane glycoprotein （GP） Ⅰ b/Ⅸ/Ⅴ complex and GP Ⅰ b α in patients with chronic renal failure （CRF） in early metaphase. Methods： Fifty-one patients with CRF in early metaphase （treated group） were treated with XYZXT, 3 months as the course of treatment for 2 courses. The previous therapies remained unchanged. Flow cytometry was used to assess the expression of platelet GP Ⅰb/Ⅸ/Ⅴ complex and GP Ⅰb α in patients with CRF, and turbidity method was used to determine the platelet maximum aggregation rate （MAR）, meanwhile the renal function was measured. The final data were compared with those before the treatment, and with those in the normal control group （31 healthy subjects）. Results： Compared with the normal control group, expressions of GP Ⅰ b/Ⅸ/Ⅴ complex and GPⅠb α, and platelet MAR in CRF patients were significantly lower （P=0.007,P=0.001,P=0.009） before the treatment; after the treatment with XYZXT, the above indexes in CRF patients were remarkably increased （P=0.033,P=0.026, P=0.045）, but still lower than those in the normal control group, however, it was not statistically significant. Conclusion： （1） The expression of GP Ⅰ b/Ⅸ/Ⅴ complex in CRF patients of early metaphase was decreased, which lead to platelet aggregation dysfunction. This might be one of the reasons for the hemorrhagic trend in CRF. （2） XYZXT was able to upgrade expressions of GP Ⅰb/Ⅸ/Ⅴ complex and GPⅠb α in CRF patients, improve platelet function and clown-regulate platelet activation in patients with CRF.

Platelet activation and the protective effect of aprotinin in hepatolithiasis patients

OBJECTIVE: To explore platelet activation and the protective effect of aprotinin in patients with hepatolithiasis. METHODS: The count of plaletets and levels of CD_(62P) and CD_(63) were measured by flow cytometry in 38 patients with hepatolithiasis. Several measurements were carried out after treatment with aprotinin. RESULTS: The levels of CD_(62P), CD_(63) in patients with hepalolithiasis were higher than those in patients with cholecystolithiasis (P<0.05), but the count of platelets was lower (P<0.05). After operation, the levels of CD_(62P), CD_(63) were significantly increased in patients with hepatolithiasis, but the count of platelets was lower (P<0.05). Postoperative levels of CD_(62P), CD_(63) were significantly lower in patients treated with aprotinin than in normal controls (P<0.05); but there was no significant change in the count of platelets in the two groups. CONCLUSION: Platelet activation occurs in patients with hepatolithiasis, and may be inhibited by aprotinin.

Diagnosis of Disorders of Platelet Function by Flow Cytometry

The platelet membrane glycoprotein (GP)Ⅱ b/Ⅲ a, GPIX were detected by immunogold assay and flow cytometry, respectively, in two cases of Glannzmann's thrombasthenia (GT). The immunogold assay showed that the GPⅡ b/Ⅲ a gold granules in GT were decreased obviously, compared with that in normal controls. Flow cytometry results showed that GPⅡ b/Ⅲ a in two cases of GT was 0.1 % and 0.5 % of normal control, respectively. While GPIX showed no difference between the GT and normal control. The patients' father showed no bleeding symptoms, whose GPⅡ b/Ⅲ a accounted for 36.99 % of normal control. The experiment results suggested that flow cytometry is a quick, simple and sensitive method for the diagnosis of GP disorders.

Clinical Observation on Shu Xin Yi Mai Capsules for Prevention of Recurrent Stricture after Coronary Artery Introducing Treatment

Shu Xin Yi Mai Capsules (舒心益脉胶囊) combined with western medicine was used in the routine treatment of 22 cases who successfully received coronary artery introducing therapy (Chinese-western medicine group),and the results was compared with the 26 cases treated routinely with simple western medicine in the control group (western medicine group).It was found that both the recurrence rate of angina pectoris and the incidence rate of recurrent stricture in the Chinese-western medicine group were significantly lower than that in the control group (both P<0.05).There was no significant difference between the two groups in expression of platelet activating molecules CD62P (a-granular membrane protein),CD63 (lysosome intact membrane protein) and CD41 (glucoprotein IIb) before the treatment,but with a significant difference after the treatment (P<0.05).

Platelet GlycoproteinⅥ:A Novel Target for Antithrombotic Therapy in Cardiovascular Disease

Platelets play an important role in thrombosis caused by acute coronary syndrome and stroke.As the main platelet collagen receptor,platelet glycoproteinⅥ(GPⅥ)is an important modulator in the activation and aggregation of platelets at vascular injury sites.Recently,GPⅥhas been identified as a potent antithrombotic target.The structure,properties,functions,and downstream signaling of GPⅥare reviewed;its relationship with bleeding,thrombosis,and other diseases are discussed;and potential of GPⅥas a future antiplatelet therapeutic target is summarized in this article.

缺血性脑血管疾病患者血小板膜糖蛋白变化及临床意义

目的探讨血小板活化与缺血性脑血管疾病的关系及血小板活化因子在脑梗死中的重要意义。方法对2003年9月至2004年11月石家庄市第二医院神经内科收治的71例缺血性脑血管病患者和20名健康体检者,采用酶联免疫吸附双抗体夹心法测定循环中血小板α颗粒膜糖蛋白-140(GMP-140)、血小板膜糖蛋白(GP)Ⅱb/Ⅲa、GPⅠb的表达水平。结果GMP-140、GPⅡb/Ⅲa在脑供血不足、轻度脑梗死、中重度脑梗死各组间依次递增,中重度脑梗死组GPⅠb低于正常对照组(P<0.05),脑供血不足组GPⅠb高于正常对照组(P<0.05)。结论在缺血性脑血管疾病的不同阶段均存在血小板活化,GMP-140、GPⅡb/Ⅲa、GPⅠb均可作为血小板活化的分子标志物,为预防、诊断脑梗死及监测脑梗死的严重程度提供重要参考指标。