Platform motion minimization using model predictive control of a floating offshore wind turbine

Wind turbines are installed offshore with the assistance of a floating platform to help meet the world’s increasing energy needs.However,the incident wind and extra incident wave disturbances have an impact on the performance and operation of the floating offshore wind turbine(FOWT)in comparison to bottom-fixed wind turbines.In this paper,model predictive control(MPC)is utilized to overcome the limitation caused by platform motion.Due to the ease of control synthesis,the MPC is developed using a simplified model instead of high fidelity simulation model.The performance of the controller is verified in the presence of realistic wind and wave disturbances.The study demonstrates the effectiveness of MPC in reducing platform motions and rotor/generator speed regulation of FOWTs.

Research trends in methods for controlling macro-micro motion platforms

With ongoing economic,scientific,and technological developments,the electronic devices used in daily lives are developing toward precision and miniaturization,and so the demand for high-precision manufacturing machinery is expanding.The most important piece of equipment in modern high-precision manufacturing is the macro-micro motion platform(M3P),which offers high speed,precision,and efficiency and has macro-micro motion coupling characteristics due to its mechanical design and composition of its driving components.Therefore,the design of the control system is crucial for the overall precision of the platform;conventional proportional–integral–derivative control cannot meet the system requirements,and so M3Ps are the subject of a growing range of modern control strategies.This paper begins by describing the development history of M3Ps,followed by their platform structure and motion control system components,and then in-depth assessments of the macro,micro,and macro-micro control systems.In addition to examining the advantages and disadvantages of current macro-micro motion control,recent technological breakthroughs are noted.Finally,based on existing problems,future directions for M3P control systems are given,and the present conclusions offer guidelines for future work on M3Ps.

Investigation of the effects of platform motion on the aerodynamics of a floating offshore wind turbine

Along with the flourishing of the wind energy industry, floating offshore wind turbines have aroused much interest among the academia as well as enterprises. In this paper, the effects of the supporting platform motion on the aerodynamics of a floating wind turbine are studied using the open source CFD framework Open FOAM. The platform motion responses, including surge, heave and pitch, are superimposed onto the rotation of the wind turbine. Thrust and torque on the wind turbine are compared and analysed for the cases of different platform motion patterns together with the flow field. It is shown that the movement of the supporting platform can have large influences on a floating offshore wind turbine and thus needs to be considered carefully during the design process.

Adaptive Sliding Control of Six-DOF Flight Simulator Motion Platform

There is proposed an adaptive sliding controller in task space on the base of the linear Newton-Euler dynamic equation of motion platform in a six-DOF flight simulator. The uncertain parameters are divided into two groups： the constant and the time-varying. The controller identifies constant uncertain parameters using nonlinear adaptive controller associated with elimination of the influences of time-varying uncertain parameters and compensation of the external disturbance using sliding control. The results of numerical simulation attest to the capability of this control scheme not only to, with deadly accuracy, identify parameters of motion platform such as load, inertia moments and mass center, but also effectively improve the robustness of the system.

Numerical Simulation of Motion Response of an Offshore Observation Platform in Waves

Offshore observation platforms are required to have great ability to resist waves when they are operating at sea. Investigation on the motion characteristics of the platforms in the sea can provide significant reference values during the platform design procedure. In this paper, a series of numerical simulation on the interaction of a triple-hulled offshore observation platform with different incident waves is carried out. All of the simulations are implemented utilizing our own solver naoe-FOAM-SJTU, which is based and developed on the open source tools of OpenFOAM. Duration curves of motion characteristics and loads acting on the platform are obtained, and a comparison between the results of the amplitude in different incident waves is presented. The results show that the solver is competent in the simulation of motion response of platforms in waves.

Modelling of the Vortex-Induced Motion of A Single-Column Platform with Non-Linear Mooring Stiffness Using the Coupled Wake Oscillators

A phenomenological model for predicting the vortex-induced motion (VIM) of a single-column platform with non- linear stiffness has been proposed. The VIM model is based on the couple of the Duffing-van der Pol oscillators and the motion equations with non-linear terms. The model with liner stiffness is presented for comparison and their results are compared with the experiments in order to calibrate the model. The computed results show that the predicted VIM amplitudes and periods of oscillation are in qualitative agreements with the experimental data. Compared with the results with linear stiffness, it is found that the application of non-linear stiffness causes the significant reductions in the in-line and transverse motion amplitudes. Under the non-linear stiffness constraint, the lock-in behavior is still identified at 8<Ur<15, and the trajectories of the VIM on the xy plane with eight-figure patterns are maintained. The results with different non-linear geometrically parameters show that both in-line and transverse non-linear characteristics can significantly affect the predict in-line and transverse motion amplitudes. Furthermore, the computed results for different aspect ratios indicate that the in-line and transverse motion amplitudes increase with the growth of aspect ratio, and the range of lock-in region is enlarged for the large aspect ratio.

Kinect-Based Motion Recognition Tracking Robotic Arm Platform

The development of artificial intelligence technology has promoted the rapid improvement of human-computer interaction. This system uses the Kinect visual image sensor to identify human bone data and complete the recognition of the operator’s movements. Through the filtering process of real-time data by the host computer platform with computer software as the core, the algorithm is programmed to realize the conversion from data to control signals. The system transmits the signal to the lower computer platform with Arduino as the core through the transmission mode of the serial communication, thereby completing the control of the steering gear. In order to verify the feasibility of the theory, the team built a 4-DOF robotic arm control system and completed software development. It can display other functions such as the current bone angle and motion status in real time on the computer operation interface. The experimental data shows that the Kinect-based motion recognition method can effectively complete the tracking of the expected motion and complete the grasping and transfer of the specified objects, which has extremely high operability.

Nonlinear Random Motion Analysis of A Tension Leg Platform Consider- ing the Set-down Motion of A Floating Body

The dynamic analysis of a Tension Leg Platform （TLP） in random wave is investigated by considering the set-down of a floating body. The nonlinear restoring stiffness is derived with the set-down motion of a floating body and the coupled motion of the tension leg and platform and the differential equations of the motion are established. The study focuses on the influence of the set-down motion on the nonlinear response of the platform. By considering different significant wave heights and currents, motion responses of the platform are calculated and compared. The analysis shows that the set-down motion significantly increases the heave motion with low frequency and the equilibrium position of the heave motion with the set-down motion is much lower than that without set-down motion. The results in this paper indicate that the set-down motion has a major impact on the safety of the platform inproduction operation, and it is also a threat to the strength of tension legs and risers.

漂浮式海上风力机自适应超螺旋滑模桨距控制

针对额定风速以上漂浮式海上风力机系统的输出功率稳定、浮式平台运动和疲劳载荷抑制任务目标,考虑系统非线性和模型参数摄动及风浪扰动,提出一种基于自适应超螺旋二阶滑模和干扰观测补偿的桨距角鲁棒控制方案。首先,实现漂浮式海上风力机的仿射非线性不确定系统建模;其次,构建考虑风力机额定转速和平台纵摇的滑模函数,设计控制增益自适应调节的超螺旋二阶滑模控制律;再次,采用干扰观测器补偿模型参数摄动和风浪扰动不确定项;最后,基于FAST与Matlab/Simulink在不同风浪环境下进行仿真,验证所提方案有效性和优越性。时域和频域仿真结果表明,与传统比例积分控制方案相比,所提方案对稳定风力机系统输出功率、抑制浮式平台运动及减少塔基载荷具有更好的控制效果。

平台运动对柔性立管涡激振动影响的实验研究

基于自循环实验水槽开展了存在平台纵荡和横荡运动时的悬链线型柔性立管涡激振动响应测试,模型立管的长径比为125,测试的平均约化速度范围为4.40~39.33.利用激光位移传感器和高速摄像机分别监测了平台运动和立管振动位移,从响应频率、振幅和振动形态等方面分析了平台运动对立管振动的影响.根据立管振动的主导频率与平台运动的主导频率是否相同,区分了强耦联和弱耦联现象,定义了强耦联的立管长度,其在立管振动的模态过渡组次相对较短.立管振动与平台运动存在两个方向均耦联、仅单一方向耦联和不耦联3种情形.其中,立管平面外振动受平台运动的影响较平面内振动小.以立管瞬时形态的波腹个数变化量化了模态竞争和平台运动对振动形态的影响.通过对比过滤平台固有频率前后的立管振幅、振形与主导频率的时空分布,用强耦合的时间权重和空间长度量化了平台对立管振动耦合的影响,发现高约化速度时,平台运动抑制了立管空间的频率竞争,也抑制了立管平面内与平面外振动的耦合响应.

漂浮式海上风力机三维尾流模型研究

针对漂浮式海上风电机组接地系统所处的深海环境及特殊的系泊系统,综合考虑纵荡运动对入流风速和尾流区域膨胀的影响,基于二维BP工程尾流模型,提出一种三维尾流模型(3Dksg_BP),将该模型用于全尾流区域横向和垂向风速剖面的预测。预测结果与风洞实验数据对比发现,下游1.7D、2.3D、5.0D和10.0D(D为风轮直径)等位置的预测精度均不低于97.6%。基于3Dksg_BP,研究不同频率和振幅下的纵荡运动对尾流造成的影响,结果表明:纵荡运动对尾迹的影响随频率和振幅的增大而增大,且随着下游距离的增加,纵荡运动对尾迹的影响逐渐减小。

基于液压放大的压电微动平台设计与试验

针对传统微动平台难以满足微/纳米定位的要求,该文结合液压放大原理,提出一种基于液压放大的两自由度压电微动平台,并对其进行了结构设计。采用正交设计方法对其进行有限元双向流固耦合分析,优化了其结构参数。研制了实物样机并进行试验研究。开环控制试验结果表明,当压电驱动器输入为90μm时,压电微动平台最大输出位移为603.0μm,放大倍数约为6.7;闭环控制试验结果表明,采用分段微分、积分、比例(PID)算法能降低超调量,且响应时间、稳态时间均减小,稳态误差降低(为±0.2μm),实现了微动平台的大范围输出精密定位。

基于三维运动捕捉技术构建蒙医震脑术三维虚拟仿真平台的视觉呈现

背景:基于三维运动捕捉技术可以构建精准的、客观量化的医学虚拟仿真模型,有利于临床学习者精准、深入理解和掌握各种传统疗术。目前中医虚拟仿真模型已有报道,但蒙医传统疗术的虚拟仿真模型尚未见报道。目的:构建一种基于三维运动捕捉技术的交互式三维可视化的蒙医震脑术虚拟仿真模型。方法:使用Motion Analysis三维光学运动捕捉系统和足底测力台采集蒙医专家的运动捕捉数据,在Motion Builder软件中构建震脑术三维动作模型,使用Maya软件构建角色模型并与动作模型相匹配,运动Unity3D软件构建蒙医震脑术虚拟仿真系统,系统整合蒙医震脑术操作3D动画、运动学和动力学参数信息。结果与结论:通过三维运动捕捉技术和计算机仿真重现蒙医震脑术操作,能够显示施术者和受试者的运动姿态,记录关节运动的关键空间位置参数与变化情况,得出运动过程中的运动学、动力学参数。运用交互式三维虚拟仿真技术,实现蒙医震脑术的三维虚拟仿真的视觉呈现,为蒙医震脑术手法的标准化、数字化、可视化研究奠定基础。

用于航空相机像移补偿的三轴稳定平台设计与研究

航空相机在工作过程中,由于载机的抖动干扰,拍摄过程中会产生像移,而像移是影响图像质量的主要原因。为航空相机配备一套稳定平台系统是解决像移问题有效的解决办法,稳定平台系统的原理是通过将航空相机成像传感器与干扰隔离来稳定视轴。为了稳定视轴,实现推扫拍摄,这里设计了一种三轴稳定平台,对三轴稳定平台的姿态补偿方式和结构设计进行了研究。通过分析像移对像质的影响,确定了轴系的旋转精度,推导了基于角速度的横滚轴、俯仰轴与航向轴框架交叉耦合的平台补偿方程。然后,根据轴系精度和运动补偿方程,设计并分析了三轴稳定平台结构,通过实验来验证视轴稳定的性能。实验结果表明,平台在载波干扰下具有良好的稳定性能。

二自由度大行程无耦合压电粘滑定位平台

针对微操作与微装配任务对多维大范围精密定位运动的需求,采用粘滑驱动原理并结合压电柔顺机构设计二自由度、大行程、无耦合并联定位平台。利用桥式机构对内置压电驱动器进行位移放大,并与复合解耦结构配合构成二维柔顺驱动机构。交叉滚柱导轨则连接移动台与驱动机构,并通过预紧螺钉调整接触摩擦力,进而获得良好的粘滑运动特性。采用有限元法建立定位平台的静力学模型,并对位移放大倍数、应力和固有频率进行仿真分析。最后,搭建实验测试系统验证定位平台的输出性能。实验结果表明:在扫描驱动模式下,驱动电压为150 V时,平台x和y向的输出位移分别为63.84μm和62.61μm,耦合比为0.52%和0.59%,分辨率为6.5 nm和7.2 nm;在步进驱动模式下,驱动电压为120 V时,平台在x和y向的单步位移分别为47.31μm和47.20μm,耦合比为0.69%和0.73%,x正向、x反向、y正向和y反向的运动分辨率分别为0.49,0.47,0.47和0.42μm,最大垂直负载为50 N,设计的压电粘滑定位平台满足所需性能要求。

基于现代科学技术的太极拳教学模式对传统文化的影响研究

随着现代科学技术的发展,太极拳教学模式也在不断创新。研究旨在探讨基于现代科学技术手段,如虚拟现实(VR)技术、运动捕捉技术及在线学习平台等,来优化太极拳的教学效果。研究表明,利用这些科技手段能显著提高太极拳学习的互动性和趣味性,同时通过精确的动作捕捉和反馈,可有效提升学习者的动作准确性和学习效率。此外,科技辅助的教学模式对于推广太极拳具有重要的意义,能够吸引更多年轻人参与,实现传统文化的创新传承。总之,研究为太极拳的现代化教学提供了新的视角和实证支持,展示了科技与传统文化融合的巨大潜力。

基于无模型自适应控制的半潜式平台运动性能研究

南海海域油气资源极其丰富,半潜式平台在该海域工作时常常面临着系泊失效这一重大危险情况。该研究以一艘装配有悬链式系泊系统和DP-3动力定位系统的半潜式平台为研究对象,利用AQWA软件开展系泊失效前后半潜式平台运动性能研究。同时,借助于AQWA软件二次开发功能,将无模型自适应控制作为动力定位系统控制理论,以研究半潜式平台系泊失效后运动性能恢复。数值仿真模拟结果表明,采用无模型自适应控制作为动力定位系统控制理论的半潜式平台能很好地恢复系泊失效后的运动性能,有效地减小系泊失效带来的危害;基于偏格式动态线性化和全格式动态线性化的无模型自适应控制比基于紧格式动态线性化的无模型自适应控制能让半潜式平台更快地恢复运动性能。

高速重载大行程运动升降平台设计及实现

[目的]为满足恶劣海况下舰船的大幅运动模拟需求,开展高速、重载、大行程运动升降平台的研发工作。[方法]针对运动平台的重载、高速及变参数特点,基于Adams仿真平台对采用重量平衡、4钢缆同步伺服驱动的高速升降平台进行动力学仿真分析,提出一种基于模糊PID控制的多电机同步驱动控制系统,并基于控制特性相似原理研制了1∶14的缩比高速升降平台。[结果]通过平台的响应特性试验,验证了控制系统具有同步性强、控制精度高的优点,运动平台可以良好地模拟恶劣海况下舰船的升沉运动。[结论]所设计的重量平衡、4钢缆同步伺服驱动的高速升降平台可填补舰船大幅升沉运动模拟领域的空白,并对类似运动模拟器的研发具有参考意义。

三维运动平台联合全身振动训练对老年脑卒中患者平衡功能及跌倒风险的影响

目的:探讨三维运动平台训练联合全身振动治疗对老年卒中患者平衡功能跌倒风险的影响。方法:选择2021年9月—2022年8月在广州医科大学附属第二医院康复科进行康复治疗的80例老年脑卒中患者,按数字随机表法分为对照组和观察组,研究过程中每组均脱落2例,最终对照组和观察组完成病例数均为38例。两组患者均接受常规康复训练,对照组在常规康复训练的基础上进行静态平衡训练,观察组在常规康复训练基础上进行三维运动平台训练联合全身振动治疗,每周治疗6次,连续训练6周。治疗前后分别使用Berg平衡量表(BBS)、计时起立行走测试(TUG)、Pro-Kin平衡测试仪进行平衡及跌倒风险评估。结果:治疗前,两组患者的BBS评分、TUG评分、压力中心运动面积评分、压力中心运动长度评分、稳定极限(LOS)评分比较,差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。治疗6周后,两组患者上述评分均较组内训练前明显改善,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05),且观察组BBS评分(50.79±5.69)分、TUG评分(14.13±3.00)分、压力中心运动面积评分(327.32±57.66)分、压力中心运动长度评分(445.79±56.95)分、LOS评分(86.82±3.33)分,均明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:三维运动平台训练联合全身振动治疗有助于改善老年脑卒中患者的平衡功能,但对患者跌倒风险的影响需进一步随访分析研究。

大行程解耦微定位平台的设计与研究

针对目前研制的微定位平台行程小及耦合误差大等问题,提出了一种由压电作动器(PEA)驱动的二自由度微定位平台,设计了由二级杠杆放大机构和Scott-Russell机构串联组成的三级位移放大器,以扩大工作行程。采用平行轴式直圆型柔性铰链与并联构型的双复合式平行移动副消除运动耦合误差。通过有限元仿真和实验对平台性能进行了分析与测试。结果表明,设计的微定位平台工作行程超过170μm×170μm,耦合误差小于1.2%,位移分辨率可达5 nm,信号跟踪误差最大为2.16%,验证了微定位平台的定位精度和模型的正确性。