New Rural Community Construction or Retention Development:A Comparative Analysis of Rural Settlement Transition Mechanism in Plain Agriculture Area of China Based on Actor Network Theory

It is an important way to realize rural revitalization and sustainable development to guide rural settlement transition(RST)in an appropriate way.This paper uses actor network theory(ANT)to construct a theoretical framework for the study of RST.Taking two typical villages with different transition paths in rural areas of North China Plain as examples,this paper reveals the mechanism of RST and makes a comparative analysis.The results show that:1)after identifying problems and obligatory passage point,key actors recruit heterogeneous actors into the actor network by entrusting them with common interests,and realize RST under the system operation.2)Rural settlements under different transition paths have similarities in the problems to be solved,collective actions and policy factors,but there are differences in the transition process,mechanism and effect.The actor network and mechanism of RST through the path of new rural community construction are more complex and the transition effect is more thorough.In contrast,the degree of RST of retention development path is limited if there is no resource and location advantage.3)Based on the applicable conditions of different paths,this paper designs a logical framework of‘Situation-Structure-Behavior-Result’to scientifically guide the identification of RST paths under the background of rural revitalization.

Application of Variable Strategies in the Low-cost and Energy-saving Rural Residences in Transitional Areas

Changeful and complex rural family structure and climatic features of transitional areas in China make the application of variable strategy in energy-saving rural residence designs possible.Aiming at the low cost,several effective and reasonable variable strategies were proposed for the design of interior spaces,main bedroom,sunshine room,staircase,west wall,door and window design to satisfy changing structure of a family during different periods and their different thermo-technical requirements in winter and summer.In this way,thermal comfort of rural indoor spaces will be improved,more energy saved,useful experience and thoughts provided for the energy-saving residence design in cold regions and regions hot in summer and cold in winter.

THE POSSIBILITIES AND REALITIES ON THE REMANAGEMENT OF DESERTIFIED LANDS IN THE TRANSITIONAL ZONE BETWEEN THE DRY-FARMING AREA AND THE GRAZING AREA IN NORTH CHINA

The desertification process is rapidly developing at present and 61.5% of the land area in the zone are already desertified.Among the desertified lands, 26.9% are seriously desertified, 25% most seriously desertified and 47.4% are the lands where desertification is under way. They are caused by over-reclamation for farming, over-grazing, unreasonable collection of firewood,the destruction of vegetation and the misuse of water resources. Under the ecological environment in semi-arid zone,the degraded environment process possesses the ability of restoring to its original status as soon as the interruption of excessive human activities are eliminated. The fencing- and-self-cultivating method is an effective measure adopted universally in semi-arid zone to cure the desertified lands.The desertified lands can be readjusted and controlled easily if other controlling measures are supplemented. The fundamental ways to control desertification are to utilize rationally the resources, to readjust the existing

Modeling and Analysis of Transitional Tube with Constant Sectional Area along Derivative Central Route

Firstly, sample square-circular transition tube along straight central route was modeled on CATIA software. The parameters are as follows： let the tube length is L, and the constant cross section area is S, and S = πR^2 = a2, in which R stands for the circle radius on one end, and a the square side length on the other end; set up the coordinate system with OX axis on the central route in which the origin O is on centroid of the square end and assume the cross section size at x as the square shaped with all four comers filleted in radius r which is proportional to x, that is, the linear slope of r is R/L, thus, both values r and square side length ax can be attained on the constant cross section area assumption. Secondly, some sample polygonal-circular transition tubes along straight, circular and helical central route were implemented similarly. Thirdly, numerical analysis of stress and displacement of these tubes were carried out on MSC/PATRAN software which are important to the distribution of turbulent flow and the layout of these transitional tube structures.

Spatial Pattern and Development of Protected Areas in the North-south Transitional Zone of China

The north-south transitional zone in China mainly consists of the Qinling-Daba Mountains. It is the most important West-East geo-ecological space in China, containing protected areas vital for biodiversity conservation and ecological security of China. The protection and rational development of its natural habitat is of great significance to China’s ecological security and integration of protected areas based on mountain forest ecosystems on a global scale. In this study, five important types of protected areas in the transitional zone were selected, and their spatial patterns were analysed. Spatial analysis methods, such as kernel density estimation and accessibility analysis, were employed for both point and areal data, and focused on four aspects: land use scale, shift in the centre of gravity, spatial agglomeration, and accessibility. In addition, policy background and evolution of spatial and temporal characteristics of the protected area system in the transitional zone from 1963 to 2017 were also examined. We analysed the characteristics and geographical significance of the West-east corridor using the spatial pattern of the protected area system from the perspective of ecological and economic spaces. We focused on spatial shape, type intersection, and key areas to analyse the spatial overlap of the protected areas. Protected area establishment was divided into three stages: initial(1956–1980), rapid development(1981–2013), and national park transformation(2014–present). These stages reflected the change in the concept of ‘simple protection—sustainable use—integration and upgrade’ for protected areas of China. The spatial centre of gravity of the protection zone system was located in the west Qinling-Daba Mountains, and its high-density core exhibited a relatively stable N-shaped structure composed of four gathering areas. Affected by factors such as geographic environment and socio-economic development density, the average access time for protected areas was high(1.56 h);wetland parks and scenic areas are located closer to the city centre. As the West-east corridor in the transitional zone extends from west to east, there is a clear spatial dislocation between the development of protected areas and the intensity of human activities. During development, differentiated goal orientation should be adopted based on the idea of zoning and classified governance. With the advancement of the construction of protected areas, the spatial overlap of protected areas in the transition zone has become more prominent. At present, the spatially overlapped protected areas in the transitional zone remain prominent, with inclusion overlap being the most common, and forest parks exhibiting the highest probability of overlap with other protected areas, we should focus on in the integration process of the corridor-type ecological space based on the mountain forest ecosystem.

Geological characteristics and development potential of transitional shale gas in the east margin of the Ordos Basin,NW China

The shales in the 2nd Member of Shanxi formation in the east margin of the Ordos Basin were deposited in a marine-nonmarine transitional environment during the Permian.Based on the recent breakthroughs in the shale gas exploration and theoretical understandings on the shale gas of the study area,with a comparison to marine shale gas in the Sichuan Basin and marine-nonmarine transitional shale gas in the U.S.,this study presents the geological characteristics and development potential of marine-nonmarine transitional gas in the study area.Four geological features are identified in the 2nd Member of the Shanxi Formation in the study area has:(1)stable sedimentary environment is conductive to deposition of widely distributed organic shale;(2)well-developed micro-and nanoscale pore and fracture systems,providing good storage capacity;(3)high content of brittle minerals such as quartz,leading to effectively reservoir fracturing;and(4)moderate reservoir pressure and relatively high gas content,allowing efficient development of shale gas.The 2nd Member of Shanxi Formation in the east margin of Ordos Basin is rich in shale gas resource.Three favorable zones,Yulin-Linxian,Shiloubei-Daning-Jixian,and Hancheng-Huangling are developed,with a total area of 1.28×104 km2 and resources between 1.8×1012 and 2.9×1012m3,indicating a huge exploration potential.Tests of the 2nd Member of Shanxi Formation in vertical wells show that the favorable intervals have stable gas production and high reserves controlled by single well,good recoverability and fracability.This shale interval has sufficient energy,stable production capacity,and good development prospects,as evidenced by systematic well testing.The east margin of the Ordos Basin has several shale intervals in the Shanxi and Taiyuan formations,and several coal seams interbedded,so collaborative production of different types of natural gas in different intervals can be considered.The study results can provide reference for shale gas exploration and development and promote the rapid exploitation of shale gas in China.

A Study on Law of Change of Real Contact Area of Friction during Transition Process

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Construction Method of Rail Transit Oriented Metropolitan Area under the Integration of Four Networks

In the process of metropolitan area integration,the current rail transit development is not enough to support the rapid expansion of the economy and population of the metropolitan area.It is necessary to attach importance to the important role of rail transit as a support system,promote the integrated development of the metropolitan area,and create a metropolitan area on the track.Through the problems in rail transit development,the development concept of “four networks integration” of rail transit is put forward.From multiple aspects of planning,construction and operation,reasonable promotion strategies are proposed,which could provide feasible suggestions for promoting the construction of metropolitan area on the track.

Quanta of the Phase-Space Areas Given by Intervals of Energy and Time Associated with Electron Transitions

The paper examines the energy of electron transitions in an emission process and the time intervals necessary for that process. For simple quantum systems, the both parameters—that of energy and time—depend on the difference Δn of the quantum numbers n labelling the beginning and end state of emission. It is shown that the phase-space areas formed by products of energy and time involved in the emission can be represented as a quadratic function of Δn multiplied by the Planck constant h.

城市轨道交通轨面短波不平顺谱实测研究

针对城市轨道交通诱发的振动噪声问题,对轨面短波不平顺进行研究.首先,对上海市轨道交通线路轨面短波不平顺实测数据进行零均值化、剔除异常值、消除趋势项等预处理.其次,利用改进的协方差法计算得到轨面短波不平顺功率谱,分析轨道类型、曲线半径及钢轨接头对轨面短波不平顺功率谱分布规律的影响.然后,基于非线性最小二乘法对轨面短波不平顺谱进行拟合.最后,提出我国城市轨道交通轨面短波不平顺统计谱表达式.研究结果表明:直线段接头区轨面短波不平顺功率谱密度曲线在整个分析波长范围内具有较多特征峰值;直线段接头区上、下行短波不平顺功率谱密度值随波长的分布特征和数值相差不大,说明上、下行的轨面不平顺状态基本相同;钢轨的磨耗程度与曲线半径呈负相关,内、外轨面不平顺功率谱密度的差异随曲线半径的增大而减小,曲线半径是影响轨面不平顺状态的主要因素之一;线路类型对轨面短波不平顺功率谱的影响不大,不同曲线半径、焊接接头影响明显,在对轨道进行维护和养护时需关注小曲线半径区段以及焊接接头区段的不平顺状态.

某高速公路深厚软基路桥过渡段跳车病害处治研究

结合某在役高速公路路堤深厚软基桥头跳车实测累计沉降量40.60 cm病害处治工程,开展室内土工试验、理论计算及GEO5模型计算分析。结果表明:15年内的累计剩余沉降量均超规范中桥头路基容许工后剩余沉降量不大于10.00 cm要求;提出“CFG桩+路面重铺”等处治方案,进行检算校核,计算得剩余总沉降量9.76cm,表明处治设计方案较为可靠。结合工点需保通及基底存在前期已施工CFG桩特点,制定通车条件下的施工顺序及工艺,确保方案可行。

川西北高寒典型沙区植被恢复动态遥感监测研究

近几十年来,土地退化、沙化问题威胁着川西北地区草原生态环境和群众生产生活。为获取并定量分析沙区治理的植被恢复动态及趋势,探讨典型沙区的生态修复变化机制,本文以红原县瓦切镇典型沙区1984、2000和2021年3期长时序Landsat遥感影像为数据源,在ENVI 5.3和ArcGIS 10.2软件的支持下,通过植被覆盖指数(NDVI)与光谱混合分析(NDVI-SWA)相结合的方法提取植被覆盖度(FVC),运用土地动态度空间分析模型和转移矩阵分析川西北高寒典型沙区植被恢复变化特征。结果表明:(1)研究区植被覆盖度等级结构以高度植被覆盖度为主(占50%以上),且不同植被盖度类型存在明显空间差异;(2)1984年研究区植被覆盖情况最差,2021年植被覆盖情况最好,中度及以下植被覆盖度面积仅占4.71%。1984-2021年,变化幅度最大的是中度以下植被覆盖度情况,占比呈现出先增加后降低的趋势,相对而言,中高度、高度植被覆盖度处于较为稳定的变化状态。(3)各级FVC转移矩阵分析中,具体转化方向较为一致,主要是向高植被覆盖方向转化,表现为:中高等级向高等级转化;低等级向中低、中等级转化。

沪苏城市轨道交通票务互联互通研究

为推动上海和苏州两市城市轨道交通票务系统的互联互通,对其建设的业务需求、现存难点及实施方案等进行深入研究。首先,梳理上海市与苏州市轨道交通票务系统的发展现状,并分析票务系统互联互通的业务需求。然后从密钥体系、票卡结构以及软件接口3方面详细探讨票务系统互联互通的难点和挑战。最后,综合考虑这些需求和难点后,从二维码车票互通、换乘客流组织以及票务处理3个方面提出沪苏城市轨道交通票务互联互通的解决思路及相关方案,为乘客提供更加便捷、畅通的出行体验。可有效推动沪苏城市间票务系统“互联互通”格局的建立,同时为都市圈城市轨道交通自动售检票系统的互联互通设计与实施提供指导与参考。

ATC车辆基地咽喉区通过能力计算方法研究

车辆基地发车能力逐渐成为提高早高峰正线运营水平的瓶颈,部分城市开始探索建设自动化列车控制(automatic train control,ATC)车辆基地,针对ATC车辆基地收发车能力计算复杂,现有收发车能力计算方法难以应用的弊端,研究了ATC车辆基地咽喉区通过能力的计算方法。首先,在ATC灭灯模式下,通过比较得到不同列车发车顺序下的最小列车总发车时间;其次,计算得到ATC车辆基地的最大咽喉区通过能力;最后以广州萝岗车辆基地为案例,进行ATC灭灯模式下咽喉区通过能力计算模型有效性的验证研究。研究结果表明:ATC灭灯模式、ATC点灯模式、列调结合模式和列车进路模式下咽喉区通过能力分别为28、17、13、11列/h;ATC灭灯模式较其他3种模式有更大的发车能力,能更好地满足早高峰正线的运营需求。研究结果可以为评估车辆基地设计方案提供参考。

广州市“窄马路、密路网”街区交通规划提升实践

实现“窄马路、密路网”街区交通规划需要从路网指标、交通组织、设施配置等多方面进行更加精细化的管控。首先,通过总结广州市20余个“窄马路、密路网”街区规划案例,梳理该类街区的空间及交通特征,总结实施过程中存在的典型问题与成因,分析“窄马路、密路网”街区尺度和路网形态对交通组织、设施布局的影响,提出加强“窄马路、密路网”街区交通规划管控的必要性。其次,围绕街区交通效能和出行环境提升,研究形成三大规划提升策略:加强路网指标整体管控、优化街区人车交通组织、精准配置交通设施,并明确街区尺度、支路占比、道路面积率、路网连通性、公共汽车首末站小型化、停车库互联互通等详细管控要求。最后,以广州设计之都三期为例,基于综合评估提出交通规划提升方案。

轨道交通促进下城市中心区地下公共空间精细化城市设计——以南京新街口中心区为例

要存量优化背景下,轨道交通促进城市中心区地下公共空间开发,从而拓展公共空间容量是实现城市中心区可持续发展的重要途径之一。在探明地下公共空间精细化城市设计的内涵,剖析城市中心区地下公共空间精细化城市设计特征,明确轨道交通对城市中心区地下公共空间开发影响的基础上,总结轨道交通促进下的城市中心区地下公共空间精细化城市设计的通用策略;以南京新街口中心区为例,通过分析南京新街口中心区发展的各个阶段和地下公共空间开发的侧重点,结合轨道交通城市中心区地下公共空间精细化城市设计策略,并使用空间句法验证策略的合理性。为类似城市中心区地下公共空间精细化城市设计提供科学合理的方法指引和案例参考。

都市圈轨道交通一体化发展策略研究

基于当前国家对于城市群、都市圈的发展要求以及产业、人口的集聚化发展趋势,轨道是支撑都市圈发展的重要依托。该文通过梳理现状国内主要都市圈轨道建设与运营存在的实际问题,剖析制约我国都市圈轨道发展的主要因素,并从都市圈轨道制式、建设时序、站点开发、接驳模式、体制机制、运营管理等方面提出相关优化策略,为我国都市圈轨道的高质量发展提供参考。

需求响应公共汽车交通在雄安新区的实践

需求响应公共汽车交通(以下简称“需求响应公交”)具有灵活、高效的运行特征,服务更具弹性和适应性,是公共交通转型发展的有益尝试。从支持雄安新区打造交通强国建设先行区、实现“90/80”绿色出行目标等方面回顾需求响应公交的实施背景。阐述雄安新区需求响应公交基本情况,分析其实施效果。从提高运力与客流需求的时空匹配度、创新服务模式改善出行体验、建立人性化的沟通反馈机制等方面总结雄安新区需求响应公交的主要运营经验和启示。最后探讨了需求响应公交未来发展过程中需要关注的重点,以加深出行群体对需求响应公交的理解和认同,推动数据融合,保障数据安全。

粤港澳大湾区空铁联运线路问题分析

全球化时代,经济和科技作为双引擎推动新型交通发展,使空铁联运成为新的趋势,航空经济的潜力得到进一步挖掘,有助于扩大机场辐射范围,提高周边城市的综合发展实力,推动一体化进程。本文对粤港澳大湾区空铁联运的背景和线路进行了深入分析,提出构建以城市轨道交通、城际铁路、干线铁路等多种方式综合交通运输体系的构想,并依托新的交通技术来扩大航空经济辐射地,赋予大湾区全新的交通智慧。

新时期城乡转型地区发展战略探研——以新塘街道为例

在城市化由高速增长向平稳发展转变的阶段,城乡转型地区面临着新背景、新特点。文章探索了新时期城乡转型地区发展战略的制定思路和基本框架,以杭州市萧山区新塘街道为例,对其发展战略的核心内容进行重点研究,借助SWOT分析法和情景分析方法,结合实际提出“城乡融合新型城区”的目标定位及相应的功能,并从产业转型、空间转型和人口转型方面提出了具体的策略,为城乡转型地区发展战略的制定提供参考借鉴。