Current Situation and Countermeasures of Platycodon grandiflorus Industry Development in Shandong Province

In order to promote the green,healthy and sustainable development of Platycodon grandiflorus industry,the current situations of P.grandiflorus industry development in Shandong Province were analyzed.That is,an advantageous area has been gradually formed;product processing is diversified;industrialization development pattern is gradually emerging.Three problems in the development of P.grandiflorus industry were deeply analyzed.That is,it is difficult to control product quality;the problem of soil obstacles to continuous cropping is serious;the problem of talent shortage is prominent.Four countermeasures for the next development were put forward as follows:increasing government support,strengthening the construction of talent team,implementing crop rotation or intercropping,and increasing technology promotion.

Platycodon grandiflorus polysaccharide regulates colonic immunity through mesenteric lymphatic circulation to attenuate ulcerative colitis

Platycodon grandiflorus polysaccharide(PGP)is one of the main components of P.grandiflorus,but the mechanism of its anti-inflammatory effect has not been fully elucidated.The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of PGP on mice with dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis(UC)and explore the underlying mechanisms.The results showed that PGP treatment inhibited the weight loss of DSS-induced UC mice,increased colon length,and reduced DAI,spleen index,and pathological damage within the colon.PGP also reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibited the enhancement of oxidative stress and MPO activity.Meanwhile,PGP restored the levels of Th1,Th2,Th17,and Treg cell-related cytokines and transcription factors in the colon to regulate colonic immunity.Further studies revealed that PGP regulated the balance of colonic immune cells through mesenteric lymphatic circulation.Taken together,PGP exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effect and regulates colonic immunity to attenuate DSS-induced UC through mesenteric lymphatic circulation.

An HPLC-MS/MS method for the quantitative determination of platy-codin D in rat plasma and its application to the pharmacokinetics of Platycodi Radix extract

AIMS: To develop an HPLC-MS/MS method for the quantification of platycodin D(PD) in rat plasma, and to acquire the main pharmacokinetic parameters of PD after oral administration of pure PD or of Platycodi Radix extract(PRE) containing PD. METHOD: Plasma samples were pretreated with solid-phase extraction using an Oasis HLB SPE cartridge. Madecassoside was used as the internal standard(IS). Chromatographic separation was achieved on an ODS column(100 mm × 2.1 mm i.d., 3.5 μm) with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile/water(30 : 70, V/V) containing 0.1 mmol L 1ammonium acetate at a flow rate of 0.25 mL min 1. The detection was performed on a triple quadruple tandem mass spectrometer using an electrospray ionization(ESI) source with a chromatographic run time of 3.0 min. The detection was operated by multiple reaction monitoring(MRM) of the transitions of m/z 1 223.6→469.2 for PD and of m/z 973.6→469.2 for madecassoside(IS), respectively. RESULTS: The calibration curve was linear from 5 to 2 000 ng mL 1(r2>0.99) with a lower limit of quantification(LLOQ) of 5 ng mL 1. The intra- and inter-day precision(relative standard deviation, RSD) values were below 15% and the accuracy(relative error, RE) was from 15% to +15% at three quality control(QC) levels. Plasma concentrations of PD were determined for 24 h after i.v. administration of PD, and oral administration of PD and PRE, respectively. The absolute oral bioavailability of PD in rats was found to be(0.48 ± 0.19)% when administered PD, and to be(1.81 ± 0.89)% when administered PRE. CONCLUSION: The developed HPLC-MS/MS method was successfully applied to assess the pharmacokinetic parameters and oral bioavailability of PD in rats after administration of PD and Platycodi Radix extract.

外源NO对盐胁迫下桔梗幼苗生理特性及总皂苷积累的影响

为了探究外源NO供体硝普钠(sodium nitroprusside,SNP)对盐胁迫下桔梗幼苗生长、生理生化指标及总皂苷积累的影响,以一年生桔梗幼苗为试验材料,采用不同浓度SNP(30,90,150μmol/L)喷施400 mmol/L NaCl胁迫处理下的桔梗幼苗,分别在处理10、20和30 d后测定桔梗幼苗的生物量、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量、抗氧化酶类超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)、渗透调节物质脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量等生理生化指标,测定胁迫30 d后桔梗根中桔梗总皂苷含量。结果表明,400 mmol/L NaCl胁迫后显著抑制了桔梗幼苗的生长和生理生化指标,喷施不同浓度SNP处理后,不同程度地降低了MDA含量,在胁迫20 d时,90μmol/L的SNP(中浓度SNP)处理后,与单盐胁迫组相比,根与叶中与分别降低了11.2%和42.1%。抗氧化酶类(SOD,POD,CAT)活性整体呈现先升高后降低的趋势,喷施SNP后活性增强,以胁迫20 d时,中浓度SNP处理后,效果更为显著。渗透调节物质脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量随胁迫时间的延长持续增加,中浓度SNP处理下含量达到最大。高浓度SNP处理促进了桔梗根中总皂苷的积累,比单盐胁迫组增加了88.9%,低浓度和中浓度无显著促进作用。本研究为提高桔梗幼苗的耐盐性,提高其产量和品质提供一种新的手段,为今后桔梗的规范化栽培提供理论依据。