It is necessary to find a mechanism that generates first-person inner sensation of pleasure to understand what causes addiction and associated behaviour by drugs of abuse.The actual mechanism is expected to explain se...It is necessary to find a mechanism that generates first-person inner sensation of pleasure to understand what causes addiction and associated behaviour by drugs of abuse.The actual mechanism is expected to explain several disparate findings in nucleus accumbens(NAc),a brain region associated with pleasure,in an interconnected manner.Previously,it was possible to derive a mechanism for natural learning and explain:(1)Generation of inner sensation of memory using changes generated by learning;and(2)Long-term potentiation as an experimental delayed scaled-up change by the same mechanism that occur during natural learning.By extending these findings and by using disparate third person observations in NAc from several studies,present work provides a framework of a mechanism that generates internal sensation of pleasure that can provide interconnected explanations for:(1)Ability to induce robust long-term depression(LTD)in NAc from naïve animals;(2)Impaired ability to induce LTD in“addicted”state;(3)Attenuation of postsynaptic potentials by cocaine;and(4)Reduced firing of medium spiny neurons in response to cocaine or dopamine.Findings made by this work are testable.展开更多
Located at the fringe of the western plain in Sichuan Province and the confluence of the Minjiang, Qingyijiang and Daduhe Rivers, Leshan is an historic city of major importance to tourism. As one of the earliest towns...Located at the fringe of the western plain in Sichuan Province and the confluence of the Minjiang, Qingyijiang and Daduhe Rivers, Leshan is an historic city of major importance to tourism. As one of the earliest towns originally under the jurisdiction of Kai Ming Shi, the king of Shu during the Western Zhou Dynasty (B.C. 1066—展开更多
<span style="font-family:Verdana;">For past deca</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">des, research of designing </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"&...<span style="font-family:Verdana;">For past deca</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">des, research of designing </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">“</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">pleasure</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">”</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> into products</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> in the aca</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">demic community has produced a multitude of evaluation models and fra</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mework</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s. These models address the critical issues of plea</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">surable product design </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">leading to emotional design. This study is intended to explore the change fr</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">om the need of “usability” for the product design to the need of “pleasure” for the user experience. The questionnaires were used to obtain data from 343 subjects. The four keyboard designs were adopted in the experiment to study the differ</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ence and the change from “usability” to</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> “pleasure” of users” preference. The results show that the need for pleasure is higher than usability, as well as </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">attractive things also transmit the feel of work better. Besides, preference is re</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">lated to gender, age, major, and educational background. Results presented her</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ein </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">provide designers with a valuable reference for examining the</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> way how to </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">design “pleasure” into product and the interactive experience of users in the de</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">sign process.展开更多
Most people would agree that reading is helpful in acquiring language. I present here a much stronger position:Genuinely interesting and comprehensible reading is not only the main source of literacy and language, but...Most people would agree that reading is helpful in acquiring language. I present here a much stronger position:Genuinely interesting and comprehensible reading is not only the main source of literacy and language, but alsoan important source of knowledge in a wide number of areas, and also contributes to our understanding of others,otherwise known as empathy.展开更多
It is my great pleasure to introduce you the 19th volume of Neural Regeneration Research(NRR)and the first issue of 2024.The new volume still features a large number of manuscripts reporting on neural regeneration,whi...It is my great pleasure to introduce you the 19th volume of Neural Regeneration Research(NRR)and the first issue of 2024.The new volume still features a large number of manuscripts reporting on neural regeneration,which we hope will be of interest to you.展开更多
文摘It is necessary to find a mechanism that generates first-person inner sensation of pleasure to understand what causes addiction and associated behaviour by drugs of abuse.The actual mechanism is expected to explain several disparate findings in nucleus accumbens(NAc),a brain region associated with pleasure,in an interconnected manner.Previously,it was possible to derive a mechanism for natural learning and explain:(1)Generation of inner sensation of memory using changes generated by learning;and(2)Long-term potentiation as an experimental delayed scaled-up change by the same mechanism that occur during natural learning.By extending these findings and by using disparate third person observations in NAc from several studies,present work provides a framework of a mechanism that generates internal sensation of pleasure that can provide interconnected explanations for:(1)Ability to induce robust long-term depression(LTD)in NAc from naïve animals;(2)Impaired ability to induce LTD in“addicted”state;(3)Attenuation of postsynaptic potentials by cocaine;and(4)Reduced firing of medium spiny neurons in response to cocaine or dopamine.Findings made by this work are testable.
文摘Located at the fringe of the western plain in Sichuan Province and the confluence of the Minjiang, Qingyijiang and Daduhe Rivers, Leshan is an historic city of major importance to tourism. As one of the earliest towns originally under the jurisdiction of Kai Ming Shi, the king of Shu during the Western Zhou Dynasty (B.C. 1066—
文摘<span style="font-family:Verdana;">For past deca</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">des, research of designing </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">“</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">pleasure</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">”</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> into products</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> in the aca</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">demic community has produced a multitude of evaluation models and fra</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mework</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s. These models address the critical issues of plea</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">surable product design </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">leading to emotional design. This study is intended to explore the change fr</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">om the need of “usability” for the product design to the need of “pleasure” for the user experience. The questionnaires were used to obtain data from 343 subjects. The four keyboard designs were adopted in the experiment to study the differ</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ence and the change from “usability” to</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> “pleasure” of users” preference. The results show that the need for pleasure is higher than usability, as well as </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">attractive things also transmit the feel of work better. Besides, preference is re</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">lated to gender, age, major, and educational background. Results presented her</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ein </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">provide designers with a valuable reference for examining the</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> way how to </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">design “pleasure” into product and the interactive experience of users in the de</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">sign process.
文摘Most people would agree that reading is helpful in acquiring language. I present here a much stronger position:Genuinely interesting and comprehensible reading is not only the main source of literacy and language, but alsoan important source of knowledge in a wide number of areas, and also contributes to our understanding of others,otherwise known as empathy.
文摘探讨4种不同运动时间和间歇模式的大强度间歇运动(HIIT)诱发愉悦情绪和享受感的效果差异。方法:将75名大学生随机分配至运动30 s间歇30 s组、运动1 min间歇1 min组、运动30 s间歇1min组和运动1 min间歇2 min组,分别于运动前、运动后即刻和20 min测量其享受感,并对运动中的疲劳感、愉悦情绪和享受感进行测试。结果:1)运动30 s间歇1 min HIIT相比运动1 min间歇2 min,运动30 s间歇30 s HIIT相比运动1 min间歇1 min HIIT均可诱发更积极的愉悦情绪。运动30 s间歇1 min HIIT诱发的愉悦情绪最高,运动1 min间歇1 min HIIT诱发的愉悦情绪最低。2)1:1间歇模式HIIT诱发的享受感水平低于1:2间歇模式,并且与运动30 s间歇30 s、运动1 min间歇1 min HIIT相比,运动1min间歇2 min HIIT诱发的享受感水平更高。3)运动30 s间歇1 min HIIT诱发的享受感水平显著高于运动1 min间歇1 min,相同间歇模式HIIT诱发的享受感水平没有显著差异。结论:1)运动时间和间歇时间等量时,运动时间越长,愉悦情绪越低,运动时间小于间歇时间的HIIT诱发的愉悦情绪更高。2)间歇期长的HIIT诱发的享受感水平更高,相同间歇模式的运动时间长短不影响运动后产生的享受感。3)短时间多组数HIIT是诱发愉悦情绪的最佳方案,长时间的间歇期HIIT是诱发享受感的最佳方案。
文摘It is my great pleasure to introduce you the 19th volume of Neural Regeneration Research(NRR)and the first issue of 2024.The new volume still features a large number of manuscripts reporting on neural regeneration,which we hope will be of interest to you.