Nursing Activities at Health Surveys and Health Checkups during the Early Period of Operation of the Hiroshima ABCC—Oral History Study Based on Narratives of Three Japanese Nurses

Using an oral history approach, this study analyzed the narratives obtained from semi-structured interviews administered to three Japanese women who worked as nurses for the Hiroshima Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission (ABCC). The analysis of the data in the narratives showed details of the health surveys and health checkups conducted during the early period of operation of ABCC. During the early period of operation of ABCC some survivors showed negative behaviors toward the health surveys and health checkups at the ABCC. However, it can be inferred that dedicated nursing played an important role in alleviating the stress and emotional issues of survivors at the health surveys and health checkups. The findings of the study could be beneficial to research into nursing activities for patients exposed to radiation at the present day.

The Offbeat Writing of History-- Analysis on the Narrative Characteristics of ＂History＂ by Herodotus

＂History＂ is a historical works of reflecting the Greek and Persian Wars as the main content created by an ancient Greek historian Herodotus. As the first Greek historical masterpiece, ＂History＂ has its own unique characteristics, which mainly reflects in three aspects： the equality of narrative attitude, branch narrative structures and oral narrative styles.

Intergroup Evaluation as an Indicator of Emotional Elaboration of Collective Traumas in National Historical Narratives

In a longitudinal content analytical study, the authors explored intergroup evaluation patterns in Hungarian history school-book narratives about the so-called ＂Trianon Peace Treaty＂ in 1920 which had approved the detachment of 2/3 of Hungary＇s territory by victorious countries of the First World War. The event has meant a major national trauma that has not been elaborated to date. The study aimed to find evaluation patterns in temporally changing narrative constructions which were diagnostic to the process of emotional elaboration of the trauma. School-books released between 1920 and 2000 were included in the study, by a 10-year sampling method. Analysis was performed by NARRCAT （Narrative Categorial Content Analytical Tool）, a computerized tool for narrative psychological content analysis, which is capable for identifying complex linguistic structures of psychological relevance in large databases of narratives. Four different evaluation patterns emerged in the narratives which roughly correspond to four different historical eras in Hungary. Results show that the aggressor-victim relation between the former Entente powers and Hungary has remained a part of the narrative representation of the treaty, reflecting the identity state of collective victimhood.

滕固美术史学中的多重民族-国家叙事

近现代中国的民族—国家叙事,既是政治浪潮,又是文化浪潮。滕固是现代美术史学科的奠基人之一,他从美术史分期、风格学转化、士大夫画发展三个层面,叙述民族—国家的文化发展史。他是从美术史理论层面,探寻民族—国家叙事的先驱者。首先,本文通过文献梳理,指出滕固对中国美术史作了三种分期,前两种政治性表达强烈,概念的使用时见生硬,第三种对古代艺术风格进行全程描述,婉转揭示中国风格有独立、发展、圆满等阶段,这种温和叙事在其后的著述中被延续。其次,通过概念的分析与比较,可知滕固最早引入欧洲的风格学,将之看作新史学和齐平欧洲的学术方法。他将国家形象、民族风格、写实发展、对外开放观念融入其中,转化了沃尔夫林的视觉形式分析。其所作唐宋绘画史和整理国故追求的客观性比较接近,但未脱离形式分析的某些规范。其风格学兼顾中国的文献学传统,处在中西范式之间、学术与政治之间。再次,滕固将士大夫分成“高蹈型式”“馆阁型式”,肯定士大夫画理论,归纳士大夫画有四个阶梯,承认士大夫乃民族文化的曾经参与者。他兼及南北宗理论、风格学、社会学,并没有将士大夫画上升到政治批判。他从写实递进和社会学层面分析唐宋绘画,指出唐宋山水画是士大夫对自然的征服史,是士大夫的社会发展史。士大夫及其绘画,由此成为民族—国家构建的历史见证。滕固不将历史与现实混同,对历史和士大夫有同情式理解,其民族—国家叙事甚显文化自觉。他没有用政治规划学术,没有激进地反传统,同时也较好地借鉴了欧洲的风格学研究,将之与中国的当前文化与学术构建相联系。滕固的学术经历及其转向,见证了一个五四青年从政治呼喊走向学术考量的转变,见证了文化层面的民族—国家叙事具有更长久的意义。

Rethinking Yi’an(Medical Cases)as a Tool for Narrative Medicine in China

When narrative medicine(NM)was introduced into China,traditional Chinese medicine scholars found that the core concepts advocated by NM are manifested in Chinese yi’an.But why NM echoes with ancient Chinese yi’an?How can we better integrate NM into Chinese medical practices?To answer those questions,this article first investigates how NM establishes itself as a remedy to biomedicine by taking traditional healing models including TCM as its ideal Other.Then,the narrative traditions of both case histories and yi’an are examined respectively.This article argues that NM is searching for a lost tradition of narrative case histories,but yi’an functions as a living tradition of TCM.The Parallel Chart in NM,designed as a complement to the dehumanized hospital chart,is still based on a dichotomy of science and art and a conflictual doctor-patient model.But yi’an exemplifies the holistic and humane healthcare that NM hopes to achieve.A comparison of both genres also inspired us to rethink the genre of yi’an in NM.Thus,it is concluded that yi’an should be viewed as an epistemic genre integrating individualization and generalization,a bridge linking medicine and literature.And narrative yi’an can well serve as a tool for NM in China.It is also proposed that a thick description of yi’an be encouraged to further promote a pluralistic NM in China.

Representations of Contentious History Through Art:The Collective Trauma of Guernica

The question this study is attempting to address is how art can be used as a tool for promoting sustainable peace and the formation of a critical and accountable citizen.Such humanistic function of art is challenged in situations where society has been wounded as it often happens during and after the war.This study claims that challenges are fundamentally connected to the problem of historical narratives,especially those related to collective traumas,their use and role in shaping the views of the future generations.Narratives about the contentious past,and particularly collective traumas,are considered an important part of the cultural capital and collective identity of a society serving as a nation-building tool that unifies and glorifies the“in-group”.They can also serve to mobilize people along ethnic lines,which can lead to tensions and conflict.The aim of the study is to examine historical narratives and representations of the collective trauma of Guernica,the epicenter of the Basque identity and culture.The article concludes with an analysis of the artistic representations of collective trauma,such as the famous Picasso’s painting Guernica that has served to promote the message of peace by provoking critical thinking and accountability.

Becoming a historical thinker might be the first step for developing a consciousness of reasoned conciliation

The goal of this presentation is to examine the hypothesis that the ethno-political conflict in Israel can be utilized in history education to foster learning of historical thinking and to construct a tolerant space within the education system that will enable the structuring of in-principle criteria for coexistence prior to the ending of the conflict. I assumed that inculcation of historical knowledge in the education system in Israel by means of an attentive and reflexive cultural dialogue, which sensitively and skillfully confronts contradictory historical narratives as an everyday learning reality in class, will help structure a conciliatory consciousness of the kind we seek.

＂The Drama of the Tua Line＂, a Fictional Narrative and Literary Dialogue With the Contemporary Portuguese Railway Technology

This paper is a socio-literary approach to the book 《TUA》 COLECTANEA LITERARIA： Mem6rias do Vale e da Linha Ferrea, a collection of literary texts on the Tua centenarian railway, like the Swiss or French Alps railways, highlighting the analysis of the short story ＂The Tua Line drama＂ which builds a fictional dialogue between objects of a technological museum about the past and the future of the Tua railway, which is now disabled. It aims to focus on and discuss relations between technology and literature within its contemporary social context and to understand their complex and dynamic interrelations of interest regarding musealization. This paper will discuss the source base, methods and theory. The source base consists of literary publications appearing throughout the twentieth century. These texts, with originate from various authors, both classic and anonymous （novels, poetry, short stories, popular literature, news columns）, illustrate the action of/in the history of individuals and populations in relation to the Tua Valley, River, line and train, over the course of more than 100 years. Narratives, characters, events and episodes in various timeframes make up the set of literary fictions that provide an approximate and sensitive vision of the Tun Valley and realities around the construction, operation and closing of the railway line. Memories, identities, and historical contexts where norms, customs and social representations operate under various logics or social worlds which illustrate, by means of the fictional production of an imaginary realism, the socio-historical meaning of the Tua Valley and line. The methods employed are a longitudinal qualitative analysis of the occurrence of these themes during this period, and a socio-historical content analysis, drawing from literary studies, which aims to identify the main patterns of fictional narrative, in which sociotechnical knowledge regarding railways was packaged. The interdisciplinary analysis which is made is developed in the socio-historical framework （M. Block）, the ＂sociology of action＂ （Thevenot ＆ Boltanski）, the theory of social representations （Durkheim） and literature theory （Todorov） and aims to open other avenues of academic research on this topic.

Revise and Statistical Analysis of the Alien Press Errors in History of Chinese Journalism by Ko Kung-chen

Since Ko Kung-chen published History of Chinese Journalism with Shanghai Commercial Press in 1927,this work had been published by different publishing houses and reprinted many times amounting to 18 editions.There are many historical narrative and fact errors of alien press in this work,and up to date these errors are not revised.This essay aims to revise the omitted errors of alien press in History of Chinese Journalism systematically besides those corrected by other works or essays,and carry on the statistical analysis of the errors to probe new approach for the study of alien periodicals and press in China.

论夯实核心素养的新方向——基于叙事的历史教学

“基于叙事的历史教学”是夯实核心素养的一个新方向,既突破传统教师讲故事的单一模式,又增加学生的叙事表现,兼具“故事性”和“探究性”的双重特征。研究认为,唯物史观、历史事件、故事时空、情节叙述、故事意义是该教学方式的基本要素。历史故事的教学作用指向核心素养的培养,历史故事的设计环节受到核心素养的约束,历史故事的教学过程导向核心素养的落实。将学生生活经验与异质经验交融是“基于叙事的历史教学”的动力和目的,培养历史学科核心素养是其内在诉求。

足球美学——一种关于接受、阐释与理性构建的身体叙事

足球是世界级的显学,其奇观性、想象性、陪伴性功能很强烈,三者合成了其审美维度。足球从一种身体游戏逐渐进化为一种审美体系,其所经历的恰是从经典身体学到口头叙事学的演进过程。足球美学一度难以在传统美学的范畴内获得认同,却极易在现代美学的体系内成为主流。中国的足球美学经历了球迷口述、跨学科交融、融入传统美学界三个阶段,其中混合了球迷感知、大历史观启示以及文化学、生物学、进化论、物种学等多学科知识能量。足球发达国家的相关研究成果,所涉及的评判理性、戏剧美学、球迷成瘾、想象力、哲学虚构、足球诗学、足球修辞学、美丽足球等议题都有很大的开拓性意义,类似的议题将足球美学导入一种虚构与真实、身体与信念、神话与图腾、审美与审丑之类的复合式文化构成体。

中国当代历史文学:面向全球化的新语境

面向“全球化”新语境的历史题材创作不仅在小说、戏剧和影视等方面取得了全面繁荣 ,也为文学反思民族历史、建立全球化的对话关系提供了新的契机。在这一认识背景下召开的“中国现当代历史题材创作”国际学术研讨会 ,突破性地将历史真实与艺术真实、“历史翻案”现象以及历史题材的概念内涵等新旧命题提升到历史观的层面展开广泛争鸣 ;对于影视创作中的庸俗化弊病 ,则提出了精神价值底线的新考量原则 ;从叙事学的角度进入对历史叙事可能性的探讨也别开生面 ;而新批评方法的实验和呼吁则直接针对严重落后于创作的理论批评。所有这些讨论表明 ,全球化不仅仅作为创作背景存在 。

亡灵忆往:唐宋传奇的一种历史观照方式(上)

亡灵忆往是唐宋传奇作家采取的一种独特的观照历史的叙事模式。真实历史人物和虚构人物以鬼神的面貌出现,充当着历史当事人和讲述人的角色。通过生人和亡灵的对话,用零距离叙事切入历史,对历史作出评价和批判,探寻治乱之道,并展开历史抒情,表达伤时怀古的兴亡盛衰之感、身世家国之感。作家的历史目光主要投向乱世,投向妇女,尤其是后妃宫人等,表达了对她们的和王朝命运紧密相连的个人悲剧命运的深切关怀。

亡灵忆往:唐宋传奇的一种历史观照方式(下)

亡灵忆往是唐宋传奇作家采取的一种独特的观照历史的叙事模式。真实历史人物和虚构人物以鬼神的面貌出现,充当着历史当事人和讲述人的角色。通过生人和亡灵的对话,用零距离叙事切入历史,对历史作出评价和批判,探寻治乱之道,并展开历史抒情,表达伤时怀古的兴亡盛衰之感、身世家国之感。作家的历史目光主要投向乱世,投向妇女,尤其是后妃宫人等,表达了对她们的和王朝命运紧密相连的个人悲剧命运的深切关怀。

作为民族志的个人叙述--从一位昆人妇女的生活史谈起

从《尼萨》这部民族志出发,本文探讨了民族志写作以及与之相关的真实性、代表性、田野伦理和口述史资料整理等人类学理论和方法问题。

对口述传统的纵横思考

“口述”和“传统”以及“口述传统”一直都存在着诸多争议。从“传统”的建构来看 ,社会记忆使“传统”通过“现在”而被呈现。从史学角度来看 ,“口述”与“历史”的携手不仅打破了历史陈述的垄断 ,赋予历史平民化、大众化的基本特色 ,而且也促使一些历史学家的史观发生转变。

历史的哗变与圣者的遁逸——论新历史小说的革命叙事

时代的差异、西方当代文学与史学观念的介绍与引进,以及作家自身独特的境遇,促使新历史小说作家彻底抛弃了以往革命历史小说的历史观、文学观,颠覆了既往革命叙事的经典模式。革命叙事在新历史小说中呈现出对革命起源神话的终结、革命历史叙述的重组、革命英雄的沉落等截然不同的景象,表现了拓展历史生活扇面的趋势,但对革命历史的随意处理或编制也有取悦、迎合大众文化之弊,革命历史被演绎成纯粹的幻想,其颠覆性破坏给以后的小说创作以警示。

颠覆的意义——关于断裂作家群的精神考察

本文从考察当下文坛的叙事危机入手,对文革以后20年内知识分子角色转换,文学话语转型大背景下断裂作家群的文学创作、理论实践及其与先锋作家、“七十年代以后”作家的比较进行探究,以发掘他们写作的现实条件、心理根源及意义和价值指向;从而切入具体作品的主题解析,并由此逐渐揭示出断裂作家群的文学创作和文学活动所提供的启示性即解决经典历史叙事危机的某种新的可能性。

历史教科书的“想象”之维

历史教科书应该从不同维度凸显“想象”。在历史叙事方面，教科书可以运用形象推演、虚构性的想象和具有史料性的文学想象，激发学生的想象力；在活动设计方面，教科书可以围绕文献资料、故事和历史剧、反事实想象设计活动，加强学生的想象力；在图像运用方面，教科书可以运用想象画和文物图像等，提升学生的想象力。

《笨花》:建构21世纪国家民族历史的元叙事

铁凝的新作《笨花》大幅度摆脱了自身经历的樊篱和艺本思维定势,在复现国家——民族革命历史元叙事中,体现出强烈的历史理性,在诗性的日常生活叙事的铺陈中,充满了厚重的生活质感,在启蒙叙事和日常生活叙事的完美融合中建构了21世纪国家-民族历史的元叙事。它成功地化解了当代文学审美意识取向上的三种矛盾,为新世纪文学走出困境提供了建设性的审美经验。