Rationally designing electrolyte additives for highly improving cyclability of LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_(4)/Graphite cells

High voltage is necessary for high energy lithium-ion batteries but difficult to achieve because of the highly deteriorated cyclability of the batteries.A novel strategy is developed to extend cyclability of a high voltage lithium-ion battery,LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_(4)/Graphite(LNMO/Graphite)cell,which emphasizes a rational design of an electrolyte additive that can effectively construct protective interphases on anode and cathode and highly eliminate the effect of hydrogen fluoride(HF).5-Trifluoromethylpyridine-trime thyl lithium borate(LTFMP-TMB),is synthesized,featuring with multi-functionalities.Its anion TFMPTMB-tends to be enriched on cathode and can be preferentially oxidized yielding TMB and radical TFMP-.Both TMB and radical TFMP can combine HF and thus eliminate the detrimental effect of HF on cathode,while the TMB dragged on cathode thus takes a preferential oxidation and constructs a protective cathode interphase.On the other hand,LTFMP-TMB is preferentially reduced on anode and constructs a protective anode interphase.Consequently,a small amount of LTFMP-TMB(0.2%)in 1.0 M LiPF6in EC/DEC/EMC(3/2/5,wt%)results in a highly improved cyclability of LNMO/Graphite cell,with the capacity retention enhanced from 52%to 80%after 150 cycles at 0.5 C between 3.5 and 4.8 V.The as-developed strategy provides a model of designing electrolyte additives for improving cyclability of high voltage batteries.

Designing a medical ethics curriculum in ophthalmology

Ethical principles form a bedrock to medical practice in any specialty,guiding physicians to appropriate attitudes and behaviors.A formal ethics curriculum can be difficult to generate de novo in an ophthalmology training program.A number of barriers exist in most ophthalmology departments:trainees may think ethics is of secondary importance compared to core basic and clinical science topics;most ophthalmology faculty have no formal degree in medical ethics;there is limited didactic time with competing academic,clinical,and surgical priorities;work-hours regulations may limit the time available to deliver“para-professional”lectures;and there is a belief that the medical ethics lectures during medical school is a sufficient amount of coursework to last through a physician’s career with no need for continuing professional development.The four pillars of medical ethics are beneficence,non-maleficence,autonomy,and justice.In addition,morals,ethics,and professionalism are important aspects of sound medical practice.A curriculum specific to medical ethics in ophthalmology can be developed in any of our sub-specialties and include lectures,curated readings,case rounds,and clinic wrap-up sessions.Ethical considerations are part of everyday clinical practice,and a structured ethics curriculum can be incorporated into ophthalmology training programs.The concept of backward design can be used to structure the curriculum,starting with the expected outcome,then designing authentic assessments,and finally putting together a learning plan that has students actively involved in ethical discussions.This paper will provide a guide to developing an ethics curriculum for an ophthalmology training program utilizing the concept of backwards design and guide the reader through the process of developing expected learning outcomes,authentic assessments,and a unified learning plan.

Designing an Elderly-Friendly City in Cardiff: Cultivating Sense of Security for the Aging Population: Transforming Butetown for the Entertainment, Health, and Diversification of the Elderly

As an important part of urban construction,elderly-friendly construction is crucial to the formation of an elderly-friendly society,which has been widely recognized internationally.Especially after the COVID-19 pandemic,various organizations around the world have called for changes in public space and urban building planning,with an emphasis on the accessibility of green spaces.This underscores the complexity and difficulty of integrating vulnerable groups of the elderly into cities and using infrastructure and public space.

Designing an Experimental Device for Swinging Excitation Spray Cooling

In this paper,we introduce the design principle of the oscillating excited spray cooling experimental device.We then designed an oscillating excited spray cooling experimental device.By using the device,the swaying motion can be realized through the control system,and the motion of the droplet under different vibration frequencies can be observed.By measuring the liquid flow rate and pressure,the changes in liquid flow rate,pressure,and temperature with time under different vibration frequencies were studied.The trajectory of the droplet and the temperature distribution of the droplet under different vibration frequencies could be observed.The device has a simple structure,is easy to control,and can achieve continuous observation of the spray cooling process.

Designing Oxide Catalysts for Oxygen Electrocatalysis: Insights from Mechanism to Application

The electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction(OER) are fundamental processes in a range of energy conversion devices such as fuel cells and metal–air batteries. ORR and OER both have significant activation barriers, which severely limit the overall performance of energy conversion devices that utilize ORR/OER. Meanwhile, ORR is another very important electrochemical reaction involving oxygen that has been widely investigated. ORR occurs in aqueous solutions via two pathways: the direct 4-electron reduction or 2-electron reduction pathways from O_(2) to water(H_2O) or from O_(2) to hydrogen peroxide(H_2O_(2)). Noble metal electrocatalysts are often used to catalyze OER and ORR, despite the fact that noble metal electrocatalysts have certain intrinsic limitations, such as low storage. Thus, it is urgent to develop more active and stable low-cost electrocatalysts, especially for severe environments(e.g., acidic media). Theoretically, an ideal oxygen electrocatalyst should provide adequate binding to oxygen species. Transition metals not belonging to the platinum group metal-based oxides are a low-cost substance that could give a d orbital for oxygen species binding. As a result, transition metal oxides are regarded as a substitute for typical precious metal oxygen electrocatalysts. However, the development of oxide catalysts for oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions still faces significant challenges, e.g., catalytic activity, stability, cost, and reaction mechanism. We discuss the fundamental principles underlying the design of oxide catalysts, including the influence of crystal structure, and electronic structure on their performance. We also discuss the challenges associated with developing oxide catalysts and the potential strategies to overcome these challenges.

A strategy for lightweight designing of a railway vehicle car body including composite material and dynamic structural optimization

Rolling stock manufacturers are finding structural solutions to reduce power required by the vehicles,and the lightweight design of the car body represents a possible solution.Optimization processes and innovative materials can be combined in order to achieve this goal.In this framework,we propose the redesign and optimization process of the car body roof for a light rail vehicle,introducing a sandwich structure.Bonded joint was used as a fastening system.The project was carried out on a single car of a modern tram platform.This preliminary numerical work was developed in two main steps:redesign of the car body structure and optimization of the innovated system.Objective of the process was the mass reduction of the whole metallic structure,while the constraint condition was imposed on the first frequency of vibration of the system.The effect of introducing a sandwich panel within the roof assembly was evaluated,focusing on the mechanical and dynamic performances of the whole car body.A mass saving of 63%on the optimized components was achieved,corresponding to a 7.6%if compared to the complete car body shell.In addition,a positive increasing of 17.7%on the first frequency of vibration was observed.Encouraging results have been achieved in terms of weight reduction and mechanical behaviour of the innovated car body.

Designing high-efficiency light-to-thermal conversion materials for solar desalination and photothermal catalysis

Light-to-thermal conversion materials(LTCMs)have been of great interest to researchers due to their impressive energy conversion capacity and wide range of applications in biomedical,desalination,and synergistic catalysis.Given the limited advances in existing materials(metals,semiconductors,π-conjugates),researchers generally adopt the method of constructing complex systems and hybrid structures to optimize performance and achieve multifunctional integration.However,the development of LTCMs is still in its infancy as the physical mechanism of light-to-thermal conversion is unclear.In this review,we proposed design strategies for efficient LTCMs by analyzing the physical process of light-tothermal conversion.First,we analyze the nature of light absorption and heat generation to reveal the physical processes of light-to-thermal conversion.Then,we explain the light-to-thermal conversion mechanisms of metallic,semiconducting andπ-conjugated LCTMs,and propose new material design strategies and performance improvement methods.Finally,we summarize the challenges and prospects of LTCMs in emerging applications such as solar water evaporation and photothermal catalysis.

CIDP: a multi-functional platform for designing CRISPR sgRNAs

Dear Editor,Compared with traditional technologies affecting gene expression,changing DNA sequences of target genes is one of the most outstanding characters of CRISPR(Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats).Single-guide RNAs(sgRNAs)guiding endonuclease Cas to target sites is a crucial step of CRISPR-Cas system for changing DNA sequences.An ideal sgRNA should only bind to the target gene.However,similar sequences of non-target sites can also be recognized leading to off-target effects[1].

水田动力底盘逆向建模与质心验证——基于Geomagic Design X

针对目前农业机械仿真和优化模型精度不高的问题,提出了一种构建精确模型的逆向建模方法。应用光学扫描仪采集点云数据,基于Geomagic Design X处理点云数据并重构零部件模型,在SolidWorks中完成水田动力底盘的装配。以VP6D-CQ型水田动力底盘为例,将测得的实际质心位置与所建的模型质心位置进行比较,并对提出的逆向建模方法进行了试验验证以及误差分析。结果表明:总质量、x坐标、y坐标、z坐标的误差值分别为4.55%、3.62%、2.23%、4.81%,误差值均在5%内。此方法可构建准确的三维模型,为后续仿真优化数据精确性奠定了基础,与传统的研发相比较,可缩短农业机械研发周期、降低设计成本。

Designing interactive glazing through an engineering psychology approach:Six augmented reality scenarios that envision future car human-machine interface

Background With an increasing number of vehicles becoming autonomous,intelligent,and connected,paying attention to the future usage of car human-machine interface with these vehicles should become more relevant.Several studies have addressed car HMI but were less attentive to designing and implementing interactive glazing for every day(autonomous)driving contexts.Methods Reflecting on the literature,we describe an engineering psychology practice and the design of six novel future user scenarios,which envision the application of a specific set of augmented reality(AR)support user interactions.Additionally,we conduct evaluations on specific scenarios and experiential prototypes,which reveal that these AR scenarios aid the target user groups in experiencing a new type of interaction.The overall evaluation is positive with valuable assessment results and suggestions.Conclusions This study can interest applied psychology educators who aspire to teach how AR can be operationalized in a human-centered design process to students with minimal pre-existing expertise or minimal scientific knowledge in engineering psychology.

Solidworks应用于《机械设计课程设计》课程教学

在《机械设计课程设计》课程教学中引入计算机辅助设计软件Solidworks作为辅助教学手段,通过该软件特有的运动仿真功能,建立闭式齿轮传动、锥齿轮传动、开式齿轮传动、链轮绞盘机构的虚拟模型,装配各传动机构,检查、优化设计方案,实现了传动装置的运动仿真,完成了该锚机系缆装置的模拟设计,锻炼了学生的软件使用技能,增强了学生对理论知识的深入理解和应用,激发了学生对机械课程深入学习的兴趣,提高了学生的机械设计水平,同时有助于培养学生工程实践和综合应用能力,达到了预期的教学效果。

Designing for Independent Living:The Case Study of an Inclusive Apartment for Persons with Disabilities

Independent living and freedom of choice are closely linked to the social inclusion of PwD(Persons with Disabilities)in society.The paper reports on a recent study focused on investigating and understanding the needs and desires of persons with intellectual disabilities,with reduced mobility and with visual impairments while performing daily activities in order to design user-friendly and inclusive home environments for their life project.The case study concerns an apartment on the ground floor of a building well embedded in a neighborhood urban and social context.It was selected by Anffas Trentino Onlus to train young adults in independent living.Anffas is the National Association of Families of People Intellectual and/or Relational Disabilities,present and operating throughout Italy.Since 2008,important projects have been promoted by Anffas Trentino Onlus aimed at stimulating a personal and housing autonomy in PwD for“during and after us”,or rather when there are no more family members to take care of them.The design process involved a representative focus group of end users.With them and some Anffas staff components,it was possible to implement a participatory design process by sharing and verifying needs,desires,expectations.This approach was adopted in order to jointly develop a design proposal for a new inclusive apartment changing the paradigm from design for to design with,and building awareness both in the end users and designers.

车载信息交互系统复杂性设计管理发展研究

目的梳理车载信息交互系统及其复杂性管理的发展脉络,并提出多元设计策略以指导车载信息交互系统设计。方法首先利用Vosviewer进行文献检索,梳理出目前车载信息交互领域的研究热点;然后通过文献回顾的方式总结传统车载信息交互系统的复杂性演变;最后利用Design X的设计策略,从用户、系统、信息等角度,分析数智时代下的车载信息交互系统存在的任务复杂性及交互复杂性。结论基于Design X的设计策略,从用户群体分析、车载信息优化、智慧交通系统搭建等角度,提出有关管理车载信息交互系统复杂性的多元设计策略,为后续车载信息交互设计提供参考。

基于MBSE的地空导弹总体方案设计

为了适应未来大型复杂系统设计与功能分析需求,在导弹设计中引入基于模型的系统工程(MBSE)思想,提出了基于MBSE的地空导弹总体设计流程。首先,明确地空导弹利益相关者的需求,定义导弹任务场景;基于设计需求开展功能分析,利用导弹任务场景进行功能分解,完成需求到功能的转化;根据导弹的系统功能映射出导弹架构组成,开展地空导弹系统的逻辑架构设计和物理架构设计,最终得到导弹总体设计方案,并针对导弹方案进行验证及优化,初步实现了地空导弹的总体设计过程。

中国城市设计的治理转向

梳理国内外城市设计理论及实践的发展脉络,剖析中国城市设计发展特征,重新审视“什么是好的城市设计”议题。发现,1978年以来中国城市设计的总体发展呈现“理论本土化和制度体系化不足,且滞后于地方城市设计实践”特征。当前,响应中国城镇化进程的新需求及国家推进治理能力现代化的总要求,中国城市设计已经出现技术性、制度性实践基础上更加重视社会性过程的治理转向,理论视角下更加关注城市设计过程中多元主体之间的协同关系,实践方面则出现了多类型的伴随式城市设计服务创新。本文指出中国城市设计的治理转向有助于彰显城市设计的社会性,理解“好的城市设计”是包含好的城市设计方案、好的城市设计管控和好的城市设计实施的系统性城市空间治理实践,将对中国式城市设计理论和实践产生深刻的影响。

基于MATLAB的射频微波电路阻抗匹配教学软件设计

阻抗匹配是射频微波电路设计的重要内容,然而阻抗匹配方案众多且计算繁杂,原有教学大多以中心频率匹配的数学公式推导为主,学生难以理解不同匹配方案在较宽频带内的整体性能表现。为此,基于MATLAB App Designer开发了一款阻抗匹配设计和分析软件,可实现包含集总参数电感电容和分布参数微带线在内的多种宽带、窄带匹配方案,通过输入技术指标要求便可直接得到对应的电路结构、元件值以及S参数曲线。该软件操作简单、实时性强,可快速比较多种匹配方案的性能,加强学生对阻抗匹配的深层次理解,极大地辅助了教学和科研。

打造设计文化生态系统,提升中国设计文化自信

通过打造设计文化生态系统,提升中国设计文化自信。从设计文化现状、设计文化生态系统的要素、结构、功能、价值意义、构建策略等方面展开论述。文化系统是社会生态系统中不可或缺的子系统,文化系统良性发展能够促进社会生态系统的进化。设计作为文化的载体和表现形式,是文化系统的重要组成部分,设计文化是文化系统中不可或缺的子系统,但中国设计文化的发展状况存在着失衡和病态现象,整体上呈现出了不自信状态,导致了中国现代设计深受西方设计的影响与侵蚀,严重依赖西方设计体系。中国设计文化系统出现了发展危机,设计文化生态系统的建立能够提升中国设计文化自信,有利于文化系统和社会生态系统的良性发展。

秦绣元素在服装设计中的运用方法

针对中国传统刺绣艺术秦绣在当代服装设计中面临的元素分类缺失和设计流程不明的问题,提出秦绣元素在服装设计中的方法。首先解析秦绣元素的外在表征及其隐藏意象,提炼并总结秦绣图案的构成要素;然后提取秦绣要素外在表征,建立针法、图案与色彩元素基因库,依据服装风格选择合适的元素基因并融入符合现代审美的设计语言;最后将针法工艺、图案造型与色彩搭配3个秦绣外在表征进行分类与整理,以保留传统秦绣样本隐藏意象为前提融入再设计,得出系统的秦绣元素在服装设计中的运用方法;总结了秦绣元素在面料、造型与科技方面融入现代服装设计的运用策略,为秦绣在服装设计中的转型发展提出指导建议。

群智创新设计研究现状与进展

人工智能时代下,群智创新设计是将创新设计同下一代互联网、人工智能、大数据、区块链等新兴数字技术结合,来解决社会复杂设计问题的综合创新手段。从计算机科学、设计学和社会学的角度出发,通过文献调研的方式,探讨了不同创新阶段的代表性研究、社会创新范式的衍变和群体智慧的发展;分析了群智创新设计的研究现状,系统地提出群智创新设计的体系内容,包括本体—行为—价值三层次理论模型、群智创新主体、群智创新环节、关键技术及研究范围。最后,针对群智计算与群智创新设计的融合发展路径,提出群智创新设计未来的发展趋势。研究对推动人工智能时代下创新设计的发展具有重要意义。

用户体验视角下的文创产品互动设计研究

目的 基于用户体验视角探究文创产品的设计,尤其是探索文创产品的互动性设计策略,以优化文创设计,创造能更符合用户需求、更好地满足用户体验的产品。方法 采用文献资料法对当前用户体验视角下的文创产品研究现状展开研究,并采用案例法进一步了解基于用户体验的文创设计成功案例,为设计提供参考。结论 用户体验包括感官体验、行为体验、情感体验、思考体验和关联体验,文创产品设计应该关注用户体验,设计符合用户需求的、具有互动性的文创产品。