Application of Rollout Strategy to Test Points Selection for Integer-Coded Fault Wise Table

Test points selection for integer-coded fault wise table is a discrete optimization problem. The global minimum set of test points can only be guaranteed by an exhaustive search which is eompurationally expensive. In this paper, this problem is formulated as a heuristic depth-first graph search problem at first. The graph node expanding method and rules are given. Then, rollout strategies are applied, which can be combined with the heuristic graph search algorithms, in a computationally more efficient manner than the optimal strategies, to obtain solutions superior to those using the greedy heuristic algorithms. The proposed rollout-based test points selection algorithm is illustrated and tested using an analog circuit and a set of simulated integer-coded fault wise tables. Computa- tional results are shown, which suggest that the rollout strategy policies are significantly better than other strategies.

Principle and operation of Jing-well point temperatures' test

Principle and operation of Jing-well point temperatures' test is a method to diagnose and treat diseases by measuring and comparing the symmetrical Jing-well point temperature of human body 12 meridians.It is an important supplement to traditional Chinese medicine four diagnoses. The theoretical basis are that the Jing-well is closely related to Meridians and Viscera, the basic traditional Chinese medicine principle of 'governing exterior to infer interior' and the balancing phenomenon of Meridians. In this paper, the operation steps and treatment measures of Jing-well point temperatures' test are put forward, and 2 successful cases are given. At the end of this paper, the prospect of this method is discussed.

Selection of Minimal Test Points Set for Integer-Coded Fault Wise Table

Test points selection for integer-coded fault wise table is a discrete optimization problem. On one hand, traditional exhaustive search method is computationally expensive. On the other hand, the space complexity of traditional exhaustive is low. A tradeoff method between the high time complexity and low space complexity is proposed. At first, a new fault-pair table is constructed based on the integer-coded fault wise table. The fault-pair table consists of two columns： one column represents fault pair and the other represents test points set that can distinguish the corresponding faults. Then, the rows are arranged in ascending order according to the cardinality of corresponding test points set. Thirdly, test points in the top rows are selected one by one until all fault pair are isolated. During the test points selection process, the rows that contain selected test points are deleted and then the dimension of fault-pair table decreases gradually. The proposed test points selection algorithm is illustrated and tested using an integercoded fault wise table derived from a real analog circuit. Computational results suggest show policies are better than the exhaustive strategy.

Damage Position of Concrete Beam Based on Test of Even Change Point

The quantitative analysis of damage position of concrete beam is established.The method of damage position free of models used in this paper is based on the variations of strain mode and test of even change point.The discrete model and the position criterion are presented.Numerical example is conducted,the result demonstrates that the method of damage position is correct and effective.

Reusing Test Cases Based on the Function Point

Reusing test cases from existing test case library is quite common in the software testing field. Testing practice tells us that there is a strong relationship between the granularity of a function unit under testing and that of the test case. A function unit with small granularity usually results in the test cases with the same small granularity. Therefore a test case defined as the function point,i. e.,the smallest size function unit,was provided for the first time.Though test cases with smaller granularity usually have better reusability,the cost of accurately reusing and integrating such test cases is also higher. In order to balance the test case reusability and the cost of test case reuse,a novel test case reuse model based on the function point was proposed in this paper. In this model,a reusable test case for specification-based testing was defined and some reuse strategies and three formal reuse methods were given. Finally,the complete automatic software process was realized by a reusing generation tool. The new method has improved reuse accuracy,while greatly enhances the software productivity.

Process of Designing Robust, Dependable, Safe and Secure Software for Medical Devices: Point of Care Testing Device as a Case Study

This paper presents a holistic methodology for the design of medical device software, which encompasses of a new way of eliciting requirements, system design process, security design guideline, cloud architecture design, combinatorial testing process and agile project management. The paper uses point of care diagnostics as a case study where the software and hardware must be robust, reliable to provide accurate diagnosis of diseases. As software and software intensive systems are becoming increasingly complex, the impact of failures can lead to significant property damage, or damage to the environment. Within the medical diagnostic device software domain such failures can result in misdiagnosis leading to clinical complications and in some cases death. Software faults can arise due to the interaction among the software, the hardware, third party software and the operating environment. Unanticipated environmental changes and latent coding errors lead to operation faults despite of the fact that usually a significant effort has been expended in the design, verification and validation of the software system. It is becoming increasingly more apparent that one needs to adopt different approaches, which will guarantee that a complex software system meets all safety, security, and reliability requirements, in addition to complying with standards such as IEC 62304. There are many initiatives taken to develop safety and security critical systems, at different development phases and in different contexts, ranging from infrastructure design to device design. Different approaches are implemented to design error free software for safety critical systems. By adopting the strategies and processes presented in this paper one can overcome the challenges in developing error free software for medical devices (or safety critical systems).

Security Framework for Managing Data Security within Point of Care Tests

Point of Care (PoC) devices and systems can be categorized into three broad classes (CAT 1, CAT 2, and CAT 3) based on the context of operation and usage. In this paper, the categories are defined to address certain usage models of the PoC device. PoC devices that are used for PoC testing and diagnostic applications are defined CAT 1 devices;PoC devices that are used for patient monitoring are defined as CAT 2 devices (PoCM);PoC devices that are used for as interfacing with other devices are defined as CAT 3 devices (PoCI). The PoCI devices provide an interface gateway for collecting and aggregating data from other medical devices. In all categories, data security is an important aspect. This paper presents a security framework concept, which is applicable for all of the classes of PoC operation. It outlines the concepts and security framework for preventing security challenges in unauthorized access to data, unintended data flow, and data tampering during communication between system entities, the user, and the PoC system. The security framework includes secure layering of basic PoC system architecture, protection of PoC devices in the context of application and network. Developing the security framework is taken into account of a thread model of the PoC system. A proposal for a low-level protocol is discussed. This protocol is independent of communications technologies, and it is elaborated in relation to providing security. An algorithm that can be used to overcome the threat challenges has been shown using the elements in the protocol. The paper further discusses the vulnerability scanning process for the PoC system interconnected network. The paper also presents a four-step process of authentication and authorization framework for providing the security for the PoC system. Finally, the paper concludes with the machine to machine (M2M) security viewpoint and discusses the key stakeholders within an actual deployment of the PoC system and its security challenges.

Bamboo Taper Effect on Center Point Bending Test

Bamboo became the best material choice for sustainable construction because it is fully renewable materials. Indonesian people traditionally choose bamboo for their housing since a long time ago. Bamboo stems usually have unique shape. Its geometrical shape assumed as tapered hollow pipe. This study aims to find the effect of bamboo taper to its strength properties on center point bending test. The ratio between the Modulus of Rupture （S~） calculated in the center point, and the maximum bending stress along the beam is called strength ratio of taper （Ct）. The theoretical calculation results Ct value is 1 if the taper lower than 0.023, while Ct value become lower if the taper is higher than 0.023. The survey on Ampel （Bambusa vulgaris Schrad.）, Tali （Gigantochloa apus （BI. Ex Schult. f） Kurz）, Gombong （Gigantochloa verticillata （Willd.） Munro）, and Mayan （Gigantochloa robusta Kurz.） found that the overall taper range is -0.0047-0.0088 and 0-0.0127 for inner and outer taper respectively. On that overall range the Ct value is always 1, so it is reasonable to ignore the taper effect on one point bending test.

Interpretation of data and treatment of Jing-well point temperatures test

The Jing-well point temperatures test method is a method to diagnose and guide the treatment of diseases by measuring the subjects' symmetrical well point temperature. it is improved from the method of knowing heat sensitivity. The application of Jing-well point temperatures test method is wide, and it can be used in internal and external gynecology and pediatrics and facial features department. at the same time, it has the advantage of objective and accurate diagnosis. The old law has some shortcomings, such as poor intuition, unavoidable omission of information, incomplete interpretation of information and so on. In this paper, Excel software is used to transform the data into line chart form, which improves the intuition and comprehensiveness of this method, so that the data can be better interpreted and used. It is newly proposed in this article that in addition to observing the longitudinal di fference of well point temperature, more attention should be paid to the horizontal contrast difference of well point temperature in different meridians. The article also summarizes a number of treatment methods, including acupuncture, moxa moxibustion, cupping and scraping, and the selection of acupoints, including mother acupoints, tenderness points and heat-sensitive moxibustion, so that doctors can combine traditional Chinese medicine professional knowledge in clinic.

Optimal Test Points Selection Based on Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm

A new approach to select anoptimal set of test points is proposed. The described method uses fault-wise table and multi-objective genetic algorithm to find the optimal set of test points. First, the fault-wise table is constructed whose entries are measurements associated with faults and test points. The selection of optimal test points is transformed to the selection of the columns that isolate the rows of the table. Then, four objectives are described according to practical test requirements. The multi-objective genetic algorithm is explained. Finally, the presented approach is illustrated by a practical example. The results indicate that the proposed method can efficiently and accurately find the optimal set of test points and is practical for large scale systems.

Mobility and dynamic erosion process of granular flow:insights from numerical investigation using material point method

In order to understand the dynamics of granular flow on an erodible base soil,in this paper,a series of material point method-based granular column collapse tests were conducted to investigate numerically the mobility and dynamic erosion process of granular flow subjected to the complex settings,i.e.,the aspect ratio,granular mass,friction and dilatancy resistance,gravity and presence of water.A set of power scaling laws were proposed to describe the final deposit characteristics of granular flow by the relations of the normalized run-out distance and the normalized final height of granular flow against the aspect ratio,being greatly affected by the complex geological settings,e.g.,granular mass,the friction and dilatancy resistance of granular soil,and presence of water in granular flow.An index of the coefficient of friction of granular soil was defined as a ratio of the target coefficient of friction over the initial coefficient of friction to quantify the scaling extent of friction change(i.e.,friction strengthening or weakening).There is a characteristic aspect ratio of granular column corresponding to the maximum mobility of granular flow with the minimum index of the apparent coefficient of friction.The index of the repose coefficient of friction of granular flow decreased gradually with the increase in aspect ratio because higher potential energy of granular column at a larger aspect ratio causes a larger kinetic energy of granular soil to weaken the friction of granular soil as a kind of velocity-related friction weakening.An increase in granular mass reduces gradually the indexes of the apparent and repose coefficients of friction of granular soil to enhance the mobility of granular flow.The mobility of granular flow increases gradually with the decrease in friction angle or increase in dilatancy angle of granular soil.However,the increase of gravity accelerates granular flow but showing the same final deposit profile without any dependence on gravity.The mobility of granular flow increases gradually by lowering the indexes of the apparent and repose coefficients of friction of granular flow while changing the surroundings,in turn,the dry soil,submerged soil and saturated soil,implying a gradually increased excessive mobility of granular flow with the friction weakening of granular soil.Presence of water in granular flow may be a potential catalyzer to yield a long run-out granular flow,as revealed in comparison of water-absent and water-present granular flows.In addition,the dynamic erosion and entrainment of based soil induced by granular flow subjected to the complex geological settings,i.e.,the aspect ratio,granular mass,gravity,friction and dilatancy resistance,and presence of water,were comprehensively investigated as well.

Evaluation of a Plasma hCG Method for Point of Care Testing with the Aim of Shortening Test-Turnaround-Times

Objective: To examine the correlation between plasma hCG results obtained with the new i-STAT&reg hCG point of care test with those concomitantly obtained from the central hospital laboratory utilizing the same patient samples. Methods: Prospective cross-sectional laboratory test evaluation. We compared plasma hCG results obtained with the i-STAT&reg hCG test (Abbott Point of Care, Princeton, NJ, USA) with Architect Ci8200 (Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, USA). We also calculated the total coefficient of variation (CV) for the i-STAT&reg method. Results: The two methods showed a good linear correlation (R2 = 0.994;slope 1.03) and CV for the i-STAT&reg method was 2.1% - 5.2%. Conclusion: We suggest that the i-STAT&reg hCG blood assay could be used as a complement to urine hCG assays in clinical situations when rapid test results are needed and urine is not available.

The Power of Change-Point Test for Two-Phase Regression

In this paper, the roughness of the model function to the basis functions and its properties have been considered. We also consider some conditions to take the limit of the roughness when the observations are i.i.d. An explicit formula to calculate the power of change-point test for the two phases regression through the roughness was obtained.

A Point-of-Care Test System for Biochemical Blood Analysis Based on ADUC824

A point-of-care test system has been studied in this paper.It was used to determine substances in blood such as Hemoglobin (HB),Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST),Creatine Kinase (CK) and so on.Based on the principle of amperometric determination,the research on detecting weak current signals was carried on.At the same time as to the weak signals (nA level),magnifying,sampling and processing the signals were also studied.Controlled by ADUC824 and assisted by other units, every substance could be determined automatically and rapidly integrated with the corresponding biosensor.In the experiment, the minimum detectable current of the instrument (YT2005-1) is 0.2 nA.With regard to the 1 nA which the experiment demanded,it could be up to the mustard.And the system can provide results in 180 s with a long term stability.

Point-of-Care Testing vs. Laboratory Testing during High Patient Volume Situations

Introduction: Our aim was to determine what patient volume, if any, in-laboratory testing provides results faster than Point-of-Care-Testing (POCT). Methods: To evaluate POCT effectiveness during high volume situations, POCT was compared to in-laboratory testing during busy periods with large numbers of patients. Our setting was an urban level 1 trauma center with an academic emergency medicine department (ED) and annual patient volume of 70,000. Patients seen requiring laboratory testing during peak volume between 11 a.m. and 7 p.m. were enrolled over a five-week period. One tube of blood was sent to the laboratory and the other tube was run in the ED using POCT. Turnaround time was recorded as time from when the tube was received to when the result was available. We also completed a time-motion study to assess the number of POCT machines that would be needed to process the entire average hourly hospital laboratory volume. Results: We collected 539 hematology and chemistry specimens. The POCT group was significantly faster than in-laboratory testing, with mean POCT [complete blood count (CBC) and chemistry] 3.5 minutes compared to in-laboratory CBC test time of 30.9 minutes and chemistry test time of 55 minutes. As the volume of samples peaked, there was a slight but insignificant decrease in POCT turnaround time. If POCT was used to process the entire average hospital laboratory volume which approached 54 samples an hour, 3 POCT machines would be necessary to maintain turnaround times. Conclusion: Even during ED high volume situations, POCT provided results significantly faster than in-laboratory testing.

Point-of-Care Testing Using Three Dimensional Optical Biosensor Based on Microfluidic Technology

We have presented a three dimensional optical protein chip that fulfills the demanding for point-of-care diagnostics in terms of ease-of-use (one step assay), miniaturization (5 μl). The artful combination of magnetic nanoparticles on chip and total internal reflection imaging (TIRI) technology permits the sensitive and rapid detection of hs-CRP (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein). The whole test was complete within 10 min using “all in one step” assay with a limit of detection of 0.1 ng/mL hs-CRP. The measuring range for hs-CRP could be extended to 10 ng/mL. The chip can also be used to detect more parameters in blood samples.

基于预试验(Pre-test)的车身动态性能模态试验方法

介绍一种基于预试验(Pre-test)的车身动态性能试验方法。首先介绍了Pre-test的理论及激励点与响应点选取原则和流程,通过Lms.Virtual.Lab的预试验功能实际确定车身试验模态中响应点的数目,位置及激励点位置和方向,并通过与Lms.Test.Lab的接口功能,导入到Test.Lab进行模态试验,通过合适的试验模态方法与参数的选取,得到准确清晰的模态辨识结果,验证了基于Pre-test的车身动态性能试验模态分析方法的正确性。

国内外E-test法万古霉素药敏条临床研究

目的比较国内外生产的E-test药敏条对葡萄球菌最低抑菌浓度的符合情况,评价国产E-test法药敏条的临床性能。方法收集河南省人民医院109株葡萄球菌属菌株,同时用国产和进口E-test法万古霉素药敏条进行临床比对,并用统计学方法分析。结果针对109株葡萄球菌的对比中,有2株菌株测定结果超过±1个二倍稀释,整体符合率为98.17%,经卡方检验,P<0.05,无显著性差异。结论国内外E-test法万古霉素药敏条临床性能无显著差异,说明国产E-test药敏条可用于临床微生物药敏的体外检测。

Model test on vertical bearing capacity of X-section concrete pile raft foundation in silica sand

To reveal the bearing capacity of the X-section concrete piles pile raft foundation in silica sand,a series of vertical load tests are carried out.The X-section concrete piles are compared with circular section pile with the same section area.The load−settlement curves,axial force and skin friction,strain on concave and convex edge of the pile,pile-sand stress ratio,distributions of side and tip resistance are presented.The results show that bearing capacity of the X section concrete pile raft foundation is much larger than that of the circular pile raft foundation.Besides,compared with the circular pile,the peak axial force of X-section piles under raft is deeper and smaller while the neutral point of X-section concrete pile is deeper.Moreover,the strain on the concave edge is much larger than that on the convex edge of the pile,and the convex edge has more potential in bearing capacity as the vertical load increases.The X-section pile has higher pile-sand stress ratios and load-sharing between side resistance and tip resistance.Above all,the X-section concrete pile can significantly increase the bearing capacity of pile-raft foundations in silica sand.

A Note on Change Point Detection Using Weighted Least Square

This paper is concerned with the application of weighted least square method in change point analysis. Testing shift in the mean normal observations with time varying variances as well as of a GARCH time series are considered. For both cases, the weighted estimators are given and their asymptotic behaviors are studied. It is also described that how the resampling methods like Monte Carlo and bootstrap may be applied to compute the finite sample behavior of estimators.