INTERSECTION POINT RULE OF THE RETENTION VALUE AND NORMAL BOILING POINT OF THE HOMOLOGUES IN REVERSED-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

In this paper, a linear relationship between the logarithm of capacity factor k and normal boiling point to of the homologues has been derived, based on the basic retention equation of liquid chromatography according to statistical thermodyoamics proposed by professor Ln Peizhang and others, This equation has been verified by a large number of experimental data, all the strsight lines of lnk- of bumologues for different mobile phass coaiposltion cross each other at the same point, So the intereection point equation van proposed, wbich was used to prodict the retention valu, the result was satisfactory.

INTERSECTION POINT RULE OF THE RETENTION VALUE AND MOBILE PHASE COMPOSITION OF THE HOMOLOGUES IN REVERSED-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

Based on the intersection point rule of the retention value and normal boiling point of homologues in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography(RPLC), the intersection point rule of the retention value of homologues and mobile phase composition has been derived, and was testified by a lot of experimental data from the literature. With this newly proposed equation, we can use the retention value of the compound in one mobile phase composition to predict its retention value in any other mobile phase composition. For fourteen groups of homologues in five mobile phase compositions on five Kinds of columns, the overall average absolute error of 721 data sets is 2.8%.

THE THEORETICAL STUDY ON INTERSECTION POINT RULE FOR HOMOLOGUES IN GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY

The intersection point rule for homologues in gas chromatography was discovered many years ago,now more and more application and development are occurring in recent years~[2-6], but there are few systemic theoretical studies.In this paper,based on the basic equation of reten- tion values in gas chromatography,we prove the intersection point rule of homologues from mathematics,study the factors affecting intersection point position,give the physical meaning of intersection point,and explain the experimental rules in references.

RAF near point rule for near point of convergence-a short review

RAF near point rule (RNPR) is a routinely used instrument in ophthalmology and optometry practice as well as for research purposes to measure the near point of convergence (NPC). The measurement of NPC is an important criterion for diagnosis and management of convergence insufficiency. The RNPR forms an important tool for ophthalmic clinicians however, only a very little is understood about it. This article tries to describe and review the designs, measurement techniques, merits and demerits of the RNPR and establish the need for its modification. It recommends that clinicians and researchers consider these findings while measuring NPC with the RNPR.

A study of acupoint selection rules of moxibustion and auricular point therapy in the treatment of urinary retention after anorectal surgery based on data mining

Based on the Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Support System(V2.5),we explored the compatibility rules of moxibustion and auricular point prescriptions in the treatment of urinary retention after anorectal surgery,and further to obtain new prescriptions.Methods:We searched CNKI,Wanfang,VIP and CBM databases for the literature of moxibustion and auricular point therapy for urinary retention after anorectal surgery,collecting complete prescriptions and entering them into the Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Support System(V2.5).The acupoint frequency,association rules,and combination rules were analyzed by data mining method of software integration.Results:126 moxibustion prescriptions were selected,and the acupoints for urinary retention after anorectal surgery in the literature were analyzed,including 10 acupoints with frequency≥6,9 acupoint combinations with frequency≥26,5 acupoints with association rules,6 core acupoint combinations and 3 new prescription.124 auricular point prescriptions were selected,and the relevant acupoints in the literature were analyzed,including 10 acupoints with frequency of use≥18,15 acupoint combinations with frequency≥40,12 acupoint combinations with association rules,6 core acupoint combinations,and 3 new prescriptions.The core points include Qihai(RN6),Sanyinjiao(SP6),Zhongji(RN3),Guanyuan(RN4).The auricular point therapy is more to select the tenderness points and acupoints that have an impact on the urinary system,mainly including“Pangguang”(CO9),“Shenmen”(TF4),“Shen”(CO10),“Sanjiao”(CO17),“Pizhixia”(AT4),“Niaodao”(HX3),“Fei”(CO14),“Jiaogan”(AH6a).Conclusion:Moxibustion for the treatment of urinary retention is mainly based on invigorating“Primordial Qi”and regulating the functions of“Middle Jiao”(refers to the area of the body just below the diaphragm and above the navel that helps produce delicate nutrients).The entropic clustering of complex systems excavated new prescriptions for the treatment of urinary retention after anorectal surgery,providing new ideas for future research and treatment.

STUDY ON RULE OF THE BOILING POINTS OF 1-HALOALKANES

There are many reports on the study of boiling point of paraffins, but less work has been done about those of alkylhalides. Recently, J.Correia

Optimization of Intraday Trading Strategy Based on ACD Rules and Pivot Point System in Chinese Market

Various trading strategies are applied in intraday high-frequency market to provide investors with reference signals to be on the right side of market at the right time. In this paper, we apply a trading strategy based on the combination of ACD rules and pivot points system, which is first proposed by Mark B. Fisher, into Chinese market. This strategy has been used by millions of traders to achieve substantial profits in the last two decades, however, discussions concerning on the methods of calculating specific entry point in this trading strategy are rare, which is crucial to this strategy. We suggest an improvement to this popular strategy, providing the calculating and optimizing methods in detail to verify its effectiveness in recent Chinese futures market. Because of the high liquidity and low commissions in stock index futures market, this trading strategy achieves substantial profits .However, given the less liquidity in commodity futures market, profits decrease and even be neutralized by the relatively high commissions.

Interaction Rule between Rare Earths and LowMelting Point Elements in Fe-,Cu-,AI-,Ni-Base Liquid Solutions

Interaction rule between representative RE and Sn, Sb, Pb, Cu, S, P low melting point elements respectively in Fe , Cu , Al , Ni base liquid solutions including totally 34 ternary and quarternary systems was investigated. For each system some thermodynamic properties were obtained, such as the standard free energies of equilibrium reactions, activity interaction coefficients etc ..

“三治融合”视域下乡村“积分制”治理运行机制研究——基于四川省Y村的个案研究

“三治融合”是宏观层面对乡村治理的政策指引,乡村“积分制”治理正是“三治融合”理念的应用。文章以“三治融合”理念为视角,基于治理组织、治理工具、治理目标三个维度构成的治理逻辑,分析论证“三治融合”理念和乡村“积分制”治理运作机理的同一性;依据治理逻辑和运作机理,构建由起始动力机制、协调助力机制和激励保障机制形成的乡村“积分制”治理实践运行机制;通过把握乡村“积分制”治理实践运行机制,提出从构建多元治理主体协同参与的共建共治格局、运用制度和技术工具、建立因地制宜的积分评价考核机制和激励政策等方面优化完善乡村“积分制”治理,以期推动乡村治理方式的创新化发展。

针刺治疗坐骨神经痛的选穴原则及作用机制研究进展

坐骨神经痛为一种临床常见的疾病。研究表明针刺可明显缓解患者坐骨神经痛,提高患者生活质量。本研究从临床角度阐述了针刺治疗坐骨神经痛的中医传统理论选穴原则及现代医学理论选穴原则;从动物实验角度总结了坐骨神经痛产生的原因及针刺镇痛的机制。同时,探讨了目前临床及基础研究中存在的不足。以期为针刺治疗坐骨神经痛的客观化研究提供创新性思维,并对针刺治疗坐骨神经痛的基础研究到临床成果转化提供有力支持。

基于数据挖掘探析针药结合治疗哮喘的临床优势与针灸选穴规律

目的系统梳理针药结合治疗哮喘的临床研究文献,利用数据挖掘探讨其潜在的临床优势与针灸选穴规律。方法检索收录在中国知网、维普资讯中文期刊服务平台、万方数据知识服务平台、中国生物医学文献数据库及PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、Scoups等数据库中的近20年临床研究文献,建立“针药结合治疗哮喘数据库”,运用频数统计及SPSS Modeler 18.0、Gephi0.10.1软件进行文献挖掘分析。结果①针刺优势以靶器官功能与多项血生化指标(免疫功能指标、血清炎症因子)的调节为主;中药优势为能进一步增强肺通气功能;针刺与中药联合应用可显著提高哮喘患者临床疗效。②针刺治疗哮喘重要程度排名前5位的腧穴依次为肺俞、定喘、足三里、肾俞、膻中,关联规则分析显示定喘-肺俞支持度最高,其次为脾俞-肺俞;足太阳膀胱经与手太阴肺经为常用经脉。③体现针刺优势的腧穴处方重视局部选穴,循经选穴,上下配穴。结论针药结合治疗哮喘是提高疗效的主要原因,其临床优势在于局部与整体兼顾,“标本同治,从肺论治,局部选穴,远近配穴”的临床取穴规律是针刺优势的体现之一,这为针药结合的科学应用提供了新思路。

基于数据挖掘技术探究针刺治疗小脑共济失调的选穴规律

【目的】应用数据挖掘技术探究针刺治疗小脑共济失调的选穴规律。【方法】以针刺治疗小脑共济失调的相关文献为检索内容,计算机检索中国知网期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、中国生物医学文献数据库(SinoMed)、万方学术期刊全文数据库(Wanfang)、维普中文科技期刊数据库(VIP)、美国生物医学信息检索系统(PubMed)等各大数据库。将文献中符合条件的腧穴录入Microsoft Excel 2021软件表格内,建立针刺治疗小脑共济失调的腧穴频次频率、归经、特定穴、分布部位等信息的数据库。采用SPSS Modeler 18.0 Apriori算法、SPSS Statistics 25.0及SPSS modeler 18.0 Web复杂网络对纳入的处方腧穴进行关联规则分析、Ward聚类分析并绘制树状图及高频腧穴与核心处方的Web网络图。【结果】(1)共收录文献93篇,其中,针刺处方117条,穴位172个,穴位使用总频次1199次;(2)腧穴使用频数位居前10位的分别是风池、足三里、合谷、百会、三阴交、太冲、曲池、阳陵泉、完骨、天柱;(3)使用频数位于前5位的经脉分别是足少阳胆经、督脉、足阳明胃经、手阳明大肠经、足太阳膀胱经;(4)腧穴使用部位选择主要以头面颈项部及下肢部为主;(5)特定穴的使用频数最高的是交会穴;(6)针刺治疗小脑共济失调的高频穴位是风池-完骨、风池-天柱和风池-天柱-完骨。前31位高频腧穴(频率>10次)可分为9个有效聚类群。【结论】针刺治疗小脑共济失调形成了以“调神束骨,熄风止动”为主要治则,以远近配穴为主体的配伍规律,并重视多气多血之阳经的应用,呈现以风池-完骨-天柱为核心的基础穴位处方。

基于数据挖掘技术探究针灸治疗儿童抽动障碍的选穴规律

【目的】采用数据挖掘技术分析针灸治疗儿童抽动障碍的选穴规律。【方法】计算机检索自1992年1月至2022年12月中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、万方数据知识服务平台(Wanfang)、维普资讯中文期刊服务平台(VIP)、中国生物医学文献数据库(SinoMed)及PubMed数据库收录的针灸治疗儿童抽动障碍的临床研究文献。通过Excel 2019建立数据库,统计常用治疗方法,并对高频应用方法针刺(高频腧穴、腧穴归经、腧穴关联规则、腧穴聚类)、耳穴压豆(高频耳穴、穴位关联规则)、头穴丛刺高频分区进行分析。【结果】共纳入有效文献190篇,涉及270条针刺处方;其中针刺法腧穴统计184个,应用总频次1906次,高频应用腧穴依次为百会、太冲、风池、合谷、三阴交、内关、神门、足三里、印堂、四神聪;高频经脉为督脉、足阳明胃经、足少阳胆经、手阳明大肠经、足太阳膀胱经、足厥阴肝经;通过SPSS modeler 18.0及IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0软件分析得出3组穴位强关联规则和5个聚类。耳穴压豆穴位29个,应用总频次206次,高频应用耳穴依次为神门、肝、心、皮质下、肾;通过SPSS modeler 18.0软件分析得出4组穴位强关联规则。应用头穴丛刺分区共涉及14区,其中高频分区为顶颞前斜线、顶旁1线、舞蹈震颤控制区。【结论】针刺治疗儿童抽动障碍,以其病机(肝亢、肾亏、脾虚、痰扰等)及抽动部位,进行选穴配伍,多选用阳经经穴,这与风邪的性质及其治病特点相关。儿童抽动障碍与情志障碍息息相关,故针刺、耳穴均重视疏肝、清心之法,调畅情志。头穴丛刺多采用顶颞前斜线、顶旁1线、舞蹈震颤控制区进行抽动障碍的治疗。耳穴压豆与头穴丛刺,对于儿童来说,痛苦小,治法作用时间长,不易出现弯针、断针等危险情况。

基于深度学习算法的学科试卷知识点关联结构研究

机器学习可帮助教师挖掘试卷中知识点之间的关系,检测学生知识点掌握情况,为评价反馈提供支持。使用深度学习Apriori算法,通过模拟研究和实证研究,针对具有不同知识点结构的试卷进行挖掘分析。模拟研究发现:Apriori算法能针对知识点属性复杂的试题进行知识点间关联规则的挖掘,准确率较高;随着样本量的增加,挖掘的准确率增加。实证研究发现:Apriori算法可对中小学的语文、数学、小学科学、中学物理等学科的试卷进行知识点间关联规则挖掘,但学科间挖掘结果有差异。经过粒度优化、删除基础知识点后,Apriori算法可较好挖掘中小学语文、数学剩余知识点间的关联关系,但对跨学科的知识点关系挖掘有待提升。

激光点云特征与知识规则协同的车道线提取

实现车道线高效的检测提取是自动驾驶领域中亟待攻克的关键技术之一,众多基于视觉方案的检测算法由于图像数据的特点存在一定局限性,如天气光照影响成像质量、难以兼顾弯道直道等。本文结合三维激光点云优势与道路知识规则提出了一种车道线自动提取算法。首先,通过多次强化道路边界高程差异获取路面点;其次,简化Isodata算法,自适应地得到反射强度滤波阈值;然后采用随机一致性算法检测直线聚类得到候选车道,将候选车道映射成二维矢量并通过类间距约束提取正确车道线;最后,基于相邻关键特征点对的向量拓扑关系一致性实现车道线拓扑重构,得到对应现实世界中意义完整的车道线。算法在车道线达5~6条的情况下,召回率达92.46%,准确率达94.79%,综合评价指标达92.41%,实验结果证明了方法的有效性和可行性。

基于数据挖掘技术探讨针灸治疗成人寻常型银屑病取穴规律

目的:基于数据挖掘技术探讨针灸治疗成人寻常型银屑病的选穴规律。方法:检索中国知网、万方数据知识平台、维普期刊全文数据库和中国生物医学文献数据库2002年1月-2022年1月针灸治疗成人寻常型银屑病的临床研究文献,建立临床文献数据库,分析其选穴特点,运用SPSS Statistic26.0及SPSS Modeler14.0等数据挖掘软件对数据进行描述性分析、关联规则分析与聚类分析。结果:最终纳入71篇临床研究文献,收集穴位处方112张,涉及腧穴73个,治疗方式排名前3位的是针刺、火针、刺络拔罐,使用频次排名前5位的腧穴为肺俞、膈俞、曲池、血海、肝俞,特定穴以背俞穴使用频次最高,使用频次排名前3位的经脉为足太阳膀胱经、足太阴脾经及手阳明大肠经。关联规则分析显示,支持度最高的两连线关联群是肺俞-脾俞,三连线关联群是曲池-三阴交-血海,四连线关联群是肺俞-肾俞-脾俞-肝俞。对使用频次≥5的腧穴进行聚类分析,可将腧穴分为3类。第一类为阿是穴。第二类可分为2组,百会、外关、委中为一组,心俞、肺俞、膈俞、肝俞、脾俞、肾俞为一组。第三类可分为2组,阴陵泉为一组,其余穴位为一组(包括曲池、三阴交、血海等)。结论:针灸治疗成人寻常型银屑病常使用针刺、火针、刺络拔罐等方法,取穴以背俞穴为主结合传统治疗皮肤病的穴组,穴位主要来自足太阳膀胱经、足太阴脾经、手阳明大肠经等,可为临床使用针灸治疗成人寻常型银屑病提供参考。

配网继电保护定值失配点校核系统优化研究

为提升配网继电保护定值失配点校核精度、提高失配点校核效果,研究设计基于保护重要度的配网继电保护定值失配点校核系统。提取继电保护相关信息,通过EMS一体化装置下发校核指令,故障计算模块按照校核指令,确定故障范围,在数据管理模块内存储继电保护相关信息与故障信息等;校核模块通过调取存储的信息,计算故障范围内失配点保护重要度,结合校核规则,生成校核报告,整定计算模块依据校核报告,生成失配点保护定值单,下发至系统维护模块,实现失配点校核。实验结果表明,该系统可有效实现失配点校核,继电保护定值失配点校核精度最高可达98.3%,具备较优的校核效果。

解析眩晕中继洲针法的诊治之道

基于《针灸大成》《病机秘要》总结继洲针法,解析其在眩晕中的诊治之道。继洲针法辨证审因,治病求本,三因制宜,通权达变,善用奇穴,远近相配。针对眩晕,重视其病因分类,从因而治,讲求针灸并用,重调肝脾肾,多从阳经取穴,擅取末端穴,巧用特定穴,穴少而效彰。

基于数据挖掘针灸治疗卵巢功能早衰的腧穴运用规律研究

目的:运用数据挖掘技术分析针灸治疗卵巢功能早衰(POF)的选穴规律,并探讨高频核心腧穴的用穴思路及其病机。方法:以“卵巢功能早衰”和“针刺”或“针灸”或“电针”或“温针灸”或“灸法”或“针药并用/并举/结合”为关键词,检索并筛选建库—2023年6月16日的中国知网、万方数据库与维普平台中针灸治疗POF的相关文献,记录及整理文献中的针灸处方,运用数据挖掘技术对腧穴进行描述性分析、聚类分析及关联分析。结果:共筛选出符合要求的文献67篇,提取出91组腧穴处方。针灸治疗POF使用频次前5位的腧穴依次是关元、三阴交、肾俞、足三里及子宫;最常选取的经脉为足太阳膀胱经、任脉及足太阴脾经;特定穴方面,主要以交会穴(239次)、募穴(116次)、背俞穴(110次)和五输穴(107次)为主。关联规则分析所获最紧密的穴对为关元→三阴交、三阴交→足三里和关元→足三里。通过聚类分析获得3类处方:(1)神庭、本神、百会、中脘、卵巢、天枢、大赫、太溪、太冲、足三里、血海、归来、中极和气海;(2)脾俞、肝俞、命门、肾俞和次髎;(3)关元、三阴交和子宫。结论:针灸治疗POF的思路以补肾益精为主,佐以调肝养心、疏肝扶脾。

基于数据挖掘耳穴贴压治疗顽固性呃逆的选穴规律分析

目的探索耳穴贴压治疗顽固性呃逆的选穴配伍规律,为顽固性呃逆患者耳穴贴压治疗提供参考。方法计算机检索建库至2023年8月18日中国生物医学文献数据库、中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库、PubMed及Web of Science中有关耳穴贴压治疗顽固性呃逆的文献,对文献中的耳穴数据进行描述性分析及关联分析。结果最终纳入文献75篇,顽固性呃逆分型以周围性呃逆(54.17%)及中枢性呃逆(40.28%)多见。耳穴贴压治疗涉及耳穴28个、频次420次,其中最常用耳穴为耳中穴(16.67%)、胃穴(16.19%)、神门穴(14.52%)、交感穴(12.14%)。耳穴贴压治疗顽固性呃逆的常用配伍耳穴为耳中-皮质下-交感-神门-胃、耳中-交感-神门-胃、耳中-神门-胃、胃-耳中等。结论耳穴贴压治疗顽固性呃逆选穴遵循以传统医学与现代医学互参为主,结合脏腑辨证、随病因加减配穴为辅的方法,可作为临床护理人员选穴参照。