FIXED POINTS FOR WEAKLY INWARD MAPPINGS IN BANACH SPACES (Ⅱ)

S. Hu and Y. Sun[1] defined the fixed point index for weakly inward mappings, investigated its properties and studied fixed points for such mappings. In this paper, following S. Hu and Y. Sun, we further investigate boundary conditions, under which the fixed point index for i（A, Ω, p） is equal to nonzero, where i（A, Ω, p） is the completely continuous and weakly inward mapping. Correspondingly, we can obtain many new fixed point theorems of the completely continuous and weakly inward mapping, which generalize some famous theorems such as Rothe＇s theorem, Altman＇s theorem, Petryshyn＇s theorem etc. in the case of weakly inward mappings. In addition, our conclusions extend the famous fixed point theorem of cone expansion and compression to the case of weakly inward mappings. Moreover, the main results contain and generalize the corresponding results in the recent work[2].

Precision Point to Point Control of Proportional Valve Controlled Motor with a Time Varying Load

Aim In accordance with the positioning control for valve controlled motor electrohydraulic proportional servo systems driving the static load torque, the positioning performance was studied in the presence of the time? varying deadzone and gain. Methods The large positioning errors caused by the time varying deadzone were significantly reduced by using the dynamic compensation method for the deadzone; and the large overshoot caused by the time varying gain were dramatically reduced by using the three section intelligent control schemes. Results Experimental results demonstrated that the positioning performance of rapid response, high accuracy and smaller or even no overshoot was achieved under a wide variations of load torque. Conclusion The good positioning performance for valve controlled motor servo systems has been achieved in the presence of the time varying deadzone and gain.

Iterative convergence theorems for maximal monotone operators and relatively nonexpansive mappings

In this paper, some iterative schemes for approximating the common element of the set of zero points of maximal monotone operators and the set of fixed points of relatively nonexpansive mappings in a real uniformly smooth and uniformly convex Banach space are proposed. Some strong convergence theorems are obtained, to extend the previous work.

ALGORITHM OF PRETREATMENT ON AUTOMOBILE BODY POINT CLOUD

As point cloud of one whole vehicle body has the traits of large geometric dimension, huge data and rigorous reverse precision, one pretreatment algorithm on automobile body point cloud is put forward. The basic idea of the registration algorithm based on the skeleton points is to construct the skeleton points of the whole vehicle model and the mark points of the separate point cloud, to search the mapped relationship between skeleton points and mark points using congruence triangle method and to match the whole vehicle point cloud using the improved iterative closed point （ICP） algorithm. The data reduction algorithm, based on average square root of distance, condenses data by three steps, computing datasets＇ average square root of distance in sampling cube grid, sorting order according to the value computed from the first step, choosing sampling percentage. The accuracy of the two algorithms above is proved by a registration and reduction example of whole vehicle point cloud of a certain light truck.

NEW APPROACH FOR RELIABILITY-BASED DESIGN OPTIMIZATION:MINIMUM ERROR POINT

Conventional reliability-based design optimization （RBDO） requires to use the most probable point （MPP） method for a probabilistic analysis of the reliability constraints. A new approach is presented, called as the minimum error point （MEP） method or the MEP based method, for reliability-based design optimization, whose idea is to minimize the error produced by approximating performance functions. The MEP based method uses the first order Taylor＇s expansion at MEP instead of MPP. Examples demonstrate that the MEP based design optimization can ensure product reliability at the required level, which is very imperative for many important engineering systems. The MEP based reliability design optimization method is feasible and is considered as an alternative for solving reliability design optimization problems. The MEP based method is more robust than the commonly used MPP based method for some irregular performance functions.

Study on the 3D Green＇s functions of the fluid and piezoelectric bimaterials

Because most piezoelectric devices have interfaces with fluid in engineering, it is valuable to study the coupled field between fluid and piezoelectric media. As the fundamental problem, the 3D Green＇s functions for point forces and point charge loaded in the fluid and piezoelectric bimaterials are studied in this paper. Based on the 3D general solutions expressed by harmonic functions, we constructed the suitable harmonic functions with undetermined constants at first. Then, the couple field in the fluid and piezoelectric bimaterials can be derived by substitution of harmonic functions into general solutions. These constants can be obtained by virtue of the compatibility, boundary, and equilibrium conditions. At last, the characteristics of the electromechanical coupled fields are shown by numerical results.

INTERSECTION POINT RULE OF THE RETENTION VALUE AND NORMAL BOILING POINT OF THE HOMOLOGUES IN REVERSED-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

In this paper, a linear relationship between the logarithm of capacity factor k and normal boiling point to of the homologues has been derived, based on the basic retention equation of liquid chromatography according to statistical thermodyoamics proposed by professor Ln Peizhang and others, This equation has been verified by a large number of experimental data, all the strsight lines of lnk- of bumologues for different mobile phass coaiposltion cross each other at the same point, So the intereection point equation van proposed, wbich was used to prodict the retention valu, the result was satisfactory.

Phase diagrams of the spin-2 Ising model in the presence of a quenched diluted crystal field distribution

We have investigated the random crystal field effects on the phase diagrams of the spin-2 Blume-Capel model for a honeycomb lattice using the effective-field theory with correlations. To do so, the thermal variations of magnetization are studied via calculating the phase diagrams of the model. We have found that the model displays both second-order and first-order phase transitions in addition to the tricritical and isolated points. Reentrant behavior is also observed for some appropriate values of certain system parameters. Besides the usual ground-state phases of the spin-2 model including ±2, ~1, and 0, we have also observed the phases ±3/2 and ±1/2, which are unusual for the spin-2 case.

Effect of catgut implantation at acupoints on GABA_B and mGluR1 expressions in brain stem of rats with spasticity after stroke

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of catgut implantation at acupoints on the expressions of γ-amino butyric acid B receptor(GABAB ) and metabotropic glutamate receptor 1(mGluR1) in the brain stem of rats with spasticity after stroke.METHODS: In total, 60 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: a sham group(n=10), a model group(n=25) and a treatment group(n=25). The rats in both the model group and the treatment group were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion to establish a model of focal cerebral ischemia. Rats with limb-spasm met the inclusion criteria. Only the left carotid artery was isolated in sham group rats. Three days after modeling, the treatment group was subjected to catgut implantation at Dazhui(GV 14), Guanyuan(CV 4), and Zhongwan(CV 12). Neurological deficit symptoms were assessed with the Zea-Longa neurological deficit score. The Modified Ashworth Scale(MAS), and isolated muscle tone were used to evaluate spasticity before and after treatment. Immunohistochemistry was applied to determine the expression of GABAB and mGluR1 in the rat brain stem after treatment.RESULTS: After treatment, neural impairment symptoms had significantly improved in the treatment group when compared to the model group(P<0.05). Both MAS and isolated muscle tone in the treatment group were significantly decreased when compared with the model group(P<0.05),and were also lower than before treatment. GABAB expression was significantly higher and mGluR1 was lower in the treatment group when compared with the model group(P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively).CONCLUSION: Catgut implantation at Dazhui(GV 14), Guanyuan(CV 4), and Zhongwan(CV 12), can relieve limb spasticity by increasing the expression of GABAB and reducing the expression of mGluR1 in the brain stem of rats after stroke.

Effect of stimulating the acupoints Feishu (BL 13) and Dazhui (GV14) on transdermal uptake of sinapine thiocyanate in asthma gel

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of stimulating the acupoints Feishu(BL 13) and Dazhui(GV 14) on the transdermal uptake of sinapine thiocyanate contained in a gel used for the management of asthma.METHODS: Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three equal groups using a random number table: the Feishu(BL 13) acupoint group, the Dazhui(GV 14) acupoint group, and the nonacupoint group or control group. Using micro-dialysis technology, preprocessed skin probes were implanted into the rats at Feishu(BL 13), Dazhui(GV 14), and a nonacupoint site. Asthma gel was then placed on the skin at Feishu(BL 13), Dazhui(GV14) acupoints, and the nonacupoint for all groups.Dialysate was collected every 30 min for 12 h. The normalized concentration of sinapine thiocyanate in the skin was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography.RESULTS: The rat in vivo transdermal experiment demonstrated that the quantity-time equation showed a good linear correlation with zero-order kinetics(r > 0.99). The transdermal behavior was in accordance with the first-order rate open model in which the transdermal penetration rates and the accumulative amounts of sinapine thiocyanate in the skin at the acupoint sites were greater than those through the skin of the nonacupoint site. The systemic maximum concentration and the area under the curve of sinapine thiocyanate in the acupoint groups were significantly greater than in the nonacupoint group. A lag time was observed in both acupoint groups, but not in the nonacupoint group.CONCLUSION: Stimulating the acupoints promotes the percutaneous absorption of sinapine thiocyanate and also controls its release, reducing concentration fluctuations in the blood.

Comparative study on skin temperature response to menstruation at acupuncture points in healthy volunteers and primary dysmenorrhea patients

OBJECTIVE:To assess skin temperature response to menstruation at acupuncture points in primary dysmenorrhea(PD) patients and healthy volunteers so as to explore acupuncture point specificity in reflecting diseases in the light of skin temperature.METHODS:Fifty-two PD patients and 49 healthy volunteers were recruited.Skin temperature measurements were performed with a skin temperature assessment device at 10 points.Absolute difference between skin temperature of the same point on the left and right side is used as main outcome measure.RESULTS:On the first day of menstruation, when menstrual pain attacking in PD patients, a significant increase in skin temperature difference was detected at Taixi(KI 3) compared with the healthy group(P < 0.01).A significant reduction in skin temperature difference was detected at Taixi(KI 3) in the first day of menstruation compared with those values in the third day after menstruation(P < 0.01)in the healthy group.On the third day after menstruation, a significant reduction in skin temperature difference was found at Zhongdu(LR 6) in PD group compared with the healthy group(P < 0.05).No significant differences of skin temperature were detected at other points(P > 0.05).CONCLUSION:The skin temperature difference at menstruation-relevant points in PD patients did not all change significantly more than those in women without PD.Significant difference was only found in Taixi(KI 3), the Yuan-source point of Kidney meridian.

Points of Coincidence for Weakly Compatible Pair of Mappings in Cone Metric Spaces

In this paper, some new existence and uniqueness of points of coincidence of weakly compatible pair of mappings is obtained, which does not satisfy continuity and commutativity. The conditions are weaker than the usual conditions in cone metric spaces.

Evidence and Expert Opinions:Drying Needling versus Acupuncture(Ⅱ)--The American Alliance for Professional Acupuncture Safety(AAPAS)White Paper 2016

In the United States and other Western countries, dry needling has been a topic in academic and legal fields. This White Paper is to provide the authoritative information of dry needling versus acupuncture to academic scholars, healthcare professionals, administrators, policymakers, and the general public by providing the authoritative evidence and expertise regarding critical issues of dry needling and reaching a consensus. We conclude that Dr. Travell, Dr. Gunn, Dr. Baldry and others who have promoted dry needling by simply rebranding（1） acupuncture as dry needling and（2） acupuncture points as trigger points（dry needling points）. Dry needling simply using English biomedical terms（especially using ＂fascia＂ hypothesis） in replace of their equivalent Chinese medical terms. Dry needling is an over-simplified version of acupuncture derived from traditional Chinese acupuncture except for emphasis on biomedical language when treating neuromuscularskeletal pain（dry needling promoters redefined it as ＂myofascial pain＂）. Trigger points belong to the category of Ashi acupuncture points in traditional Chinese acupuncture, and they are not a new discovery. By applying acupuncture points, dry needling is actually trigger point acupuncture, an invasive therapy（a surgical procedure） instead of manual therapy. Dr. Travell admitted to the general public that dry needling is acupuncture, and acupuncture professionals practice dry needling as acupuncture therapy and there are several criteria in acupuncture profession to locate trigger points as acupuncture points. Among acupuncture schools, dry needling practitioners emphasize acupuncture＇s local responses while other acupuncturists pay attention to the responses of both local, distal, and whole body responses. For patients＇ safety, dry needling practitioners should meet standards required for licensed acupuncturists and physicians.

Effect of music therapy derived from the five elements in Traditional Chinese Medicine on post-stroke depression

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of five phase music therapy in patients with depression after ischemic stroke.METHODS: A total of 92 patients with post-stroke depression were randomly divided into the control group(32 cases), treatment group A(30 cases), and treatment group B(30 cases). All groups were given basic therapies for cerebral infarction. In addition,the control group was administerd 50 mg of oral sertraline hydrochloride daily, while treatment groups A and B received needling at Baihui(GV 20)plus acupoint injection at Yanglingquan(GB 34) daily; treatment group B also received music therapy derived from the five phases in Traditional ChineseMedicine theory twice daily. All treatments were administered for 5 d per treatment cycle for three cycles, with a 1 d interval between cycles. In all three groups, Hamilton's depression scale(HAMD-17)score and the activities of daily life(ADL) score were measured before and after treatment, and side effects were assessed with the treatment emergent symptom scale.RESULTS: The HAMD-17 score significantly decreased after treatment in all three groups, and the post-treatment reduction in HAMD-17 score was markedly greater in treatment group B than in treatment group A(P < 0.01). The ADL score significantly increased after treatment in all three groups,and the post-treatment increase in ADL score was significantly greater in treatment group B than in treatment group A(P < 0.01). The treatment emergent symptom scale score was highest in the control group, and lowest in group B, and significantly differed between the three groups(P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: Five phase music therapy plus acupoint needling and acupoint injection can improve the symptoms in patients with post-stroke depression.

Effect of manual acupuncture on bowel motility in normal kunming mouse

OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of acupuncture on motility of jejunum and distal colon at different acupoints on normal Kunming mice.METHODS:The jejunal and colorectal motor activity of forty Kunming mice were recorded by the intra-intestinal capsule.The capsules contained with distilled water were placed into the cavities of jejunum and distal colon.The changes of bowel were compared with the background activity recorded before any stimulation.The chosen acupoints were as follows:Zusanli(ST 36) on the lower legs,Tianshu(ST 25) on the mid-lower abdomen.RESULTS:Manual acupuncture(MA) at Zusanli(ST36) significantly promoted the motility of jejunum and distal colon(manifested as increased change rate of average amplitude and increased change rate of mean area under the contractile curve) of normal Kunming mice(P < 0.01).MA atTianshu(ST25) significantly inhibited the motility of jejunum(manifested as decreased change rate of average amplitude,decreased change rate of mean area under the contractile curve,and the reduced frequency) of normal Kunming mice(P < 0.01),while significantly increased the distal colonic motility(manifested as increased amplitude and increased mean area under the contractile curve) of normal Kunming mice(P < 0.01).CONCLUSION:MA at specific acupoints[Zusanli(ST 36),Tianshu(ST 25)]has different effects on the motility of jejunum and distal colon,which might involve the segmental innervations of the related nerve.

Survey of Research on Acupuncture Treatment of Peptic Ulcer

In reviewing and analyzing the study on the clinical selection of the acupoints for peptic ulcer in the recent ten years, it was found out that peptic ulcer was mostly treated by combination of multiple acupoints clinically, by the combination of Front-mu point and Back-shu point of the spleen and stomach, and the combination of Front-mu point and Back-shu point of the spleen and stomach with Lower He-sea point, indicating that Front-mu point and Back-shu point of the spleen and stomach and Lower He-sea point have the important ftmctions in the treatment of peptic ulcer.

Tuina Treatment for 37 Cases of Postoperative Urinary Retention

Objective： To observe the effect of postoperative urinary retention treated with tuina therapy. Methods： Tuina therapy was applied on 37 cases of postoperative urinary retention; Qihai （CV 6）, Guanyuan （CV 4）, Zhongji （CV 3） and bilateral Sanyinjiao （SP 6） were selected. Results： Thirty-six cases were cured and 1 case was not surveyed after 1 to 3 treatments. Conclusion： Point tuina is an effective method in treating postoperative urinary retention.

Effect of warming moxibustion Tianshu(ST 25, bilateral) and Qihai(CV 6) for the treatment of diarrhea-dominant irritable bowel syndrome： a patient-blinded pilot trial with orthogonal design

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of warming moxibustion Tianshu(ST 25, bilateral) and Qihai(CV6) in patients with diarrhea-dominant irritable bowel syndrome(D-IBS) by assessing predominant factors, and determining the best factor combinations and their interactions. To identify the optimal quantity of warming moxibustion Tianshu(ST 25, bilateral) and Qihai(CV 6) to achieve optimal efficacy.METHODS: An L9(3~4) orthogonal design was applied to 233 confirmed subjects based on the three most influential factors and the three most frequently used levels. Nine programs were designed.Subjects were assigned to four subgroups according to age and gender; each subject underwent one of the nine programs randomly. We selected Tianshu(ST 25, bilateral) and Qihai(CV 6). The scores of symptoms and the IBS Quality of Life(IBS-QOL) were evaluated after the final treatment.RESULTS: After treatment, clinical symptoms of all patients were significantly improved(P = 0.001).Quality of life also improved significantly(P < 0.05).For all the participants, frequency was the dominating factor regarding symptoms(P = 0.01). Duration was the dominating factor for quality of life(P =0.0001). The best combination for improving symptoms in 30-40-year-old male and female patients was two courses of 10 min each once a day, and for41-50-year-old male and female patients it was three courses of 10 min(males) or 30 min(females)twice a day. The best combination for quality of life was three courses of 20 min once a day. No interaction was found between frequency and course, or frequency and duration.CONCLUSION: Warming moxibustion Tianshu(ST25, bilateral) and Qihai(CV 6) is a promising therapy for D-IBS. To acquire optimal efficacy, the three main factors(duration, frequency and treatment course) of the warming moxibustion should reach a specific quantity and be combined appropriately.

Protein and RNA expression of acid-sensing ion channels 2 and 3 in myocardial ischemia rats induced by isoproterenol

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the impact of electro-acupuncture at the Neiguan(PC 6) acupoint on protein and RNA expression of acid-sensing ion channel 2(ASIC2) and ASIC3 in myocardial ischemia rats.METHODS:Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats were used,weighing(230 ± 50) g.The rats were randomized into a normal group A,model group B,Neiguan(PC 6) group C,Lieque(LU 7) group D,and A-shi points group E.There were 10 rats in each group.Rats were continuously administered 85 mg/kg intravenous isoproterenol daily to establish the model.Successfully modeled rats in groups C,D,and E were given electro-acupuncture treatment.Each group of rats was sacrificed with chloral hydrate(1 mL/100 g) intraperitoneal injection.The left ventricular myocardium was extracted and placed at- 70 ℃ until use.Western blot analysis and real-time PCR were performed to assay protein and RNA expressions of ASIC2 and ASIC3,respectively.Fold changes in RNA expression were quantified with the 2~^(-△△Ct) method.Blood samples were drawn from the aorta abdominalis and tested for creatine kinase-MB(CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTS:Myocardial ischemia rats given electro-acupuncture at the Neiguan(PC 6) acupoint had significantly lower protein and RNA expression of ASIC2 and ASIC3,and CK-MB and LDH levels,compared with model rats(P < 0.01).CONCLUSION:Electro-acupuncture at the Neiguan(PC 6) acupoint can not only decrease the protein and RNA expression of ASIC2 and ASIC3,but also inhibit the opening of ASICs and reduce the cardiomyocyte damage in myocardial ischemia rats.

Poroelastic solid flow with double point material point method

This paper presents the numerical modelling of one and two-dimensional poroelastic solid flows,using the material point method with double point formulation.The double point formulation offers the convenience of allowing for transitions in the flow conditions of the liquid,between free surface flow and groundwater flow.The numerical model is validated by comparing the solid flow velocity with the analytical solution.The influence of the Young＇s modulus on the solid flow velocity is discussed for both one and two-dimensional analysis cases.The effect of the shape of the two-dimensional solid is investigated.It is shown that the solid stiffness has an effect on the poroelastic flow velocity,due to swelling and bending for the one and two-dimensional cases,respectively.The shape is found to be an important factor on the flow velocity of the poroelastic solid.