DIGITAL PROCESSING OF THE POLARIZATION STATE OF GEOPHYSICAL ULF SIGNALS

In this paper, the evaluation by running window smoothing is used for the digital processing of the polarization of geophysical ULF signals. The observed signals are resolved into two orthogonal complex components so that it is no longer necessary to consider the phase and amplitude of the signals simultaneously.

Kravchenko atomic transforms in digital signal processing

The modified atomic transformations are constructed and proved. On their basis the new complex analytic wavelets are obtained. The proof of the Fourier transforms existence in L~ and L2 on the basis of the theory of atomic functions （AF） are presented. The numerical experiments of digital time series processing and physical analysis of the results confirm the efficiency of the proposed transforms.

All-Optical Sampling Using Nonlinear Polarization Rotation in a Single Semiconductor Optical Amplifier

We propose a novel all-optical sampling method using nonlinear polarization rotation in a semiconductor optical amplifier. A rate-equation model capable of describing the all-optical sampling mechanism is presented in this paper. Based on this model, we investigate the optimized operating parameters of the proposed system by simulating the output intensity of the probe light as functions of the input polarization angle, the phase induced by the polarization controller, and the ori- entation of the polarization beam splitter. The simulated results show that we can obtain a good linear slope and a large linear dynamic range,which is suitable for all-optical sampling. The operating power of the pump light can be less than lmW. The presented all-optical sampling method can potentially operate at a sampling rate up to hundreds GS/s and needs low optical power.

Estimating DOA and polarization with spatially spread loop and dipole pair array

The nonuniform L-shaped spatially spread loop and dipole（SSLD） array whose inter-element spacing is greater than half a wavelength is studied. A joint parameter estimation algorithm of direction of arrival（DOA）, frequency and polarization is presented for plane-wave signals. The direct sampling and the corresponding delayed sampling data are used to construct the data correlation matrix. On the basis of the subspace theory and the least square method, the frequency and the steering vector of the whole array are obtained. According to the relationship of the array manifold vector between electric dipoles and magnetic loops,the polarization parameters are given. The unambiguous phase estimates are acquired by applying virtual baseline array transformation to the spatial steering vectors, and they are used as coarse references to disambiguate the cyclic phase ambiguities in phase differences between two adjacent array elements on the array,then the high accuracy DOA estimates are obtained. Closed-form solutions for each parameter are obtained. This method has advantages of lower calculation complexity and no parameter matching. The experiment results verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the presented algorithm.

A VERTICAL LAYERED SPACE-TIME CODE AND ITS CLOSED-FORM BLIND SYMBOL DETECTION

Vertical layered space-time codes have demonstrated the enormous potential to accommodate rapid flow data. Thus far, vertical layered space-time codes assumed that perfect estimates of current channel fading conditions are available at the receiver. However, increasing the number of transmit antennas increases the required training interval and reduces the available time in which data may be transmitted before the fading coefficients change. In this paper, a vertical layered space-time code is proposed. By applying the subspace method to the layered space-time code, the symbols can be detected without training symbols and channel estimates at the transmitter or the receiver. Monte Carlo simulations show that performance can approach that of the detection method with the knowledge of the channel.

The signal selection and processing method for polarization measurement radar

Based on the ambiguity function, a novel signal processing method for the polarization measurement radar is developed. One advantage of this method is that the two orthogonal polarized signals do not have to be perpendicular to each other, which is required by traditional methods. The error due to the correlation of the two transmitting signals in the traditional method, can be reduced by this new approach. A concept called ambiguity function matrix （AFM） is introduced based on this method. AFM is a promising tool for the signal selection and design in the polarization scattering matrix measurement. The waveforms of the polarimetric radar are categorized and analyzed based on AFM in this paper. The signal processing flow of this method is explained. And the polarization scattering matrix measurement performance is testified by simulation. Furthermore, this signal processing method can be used in the inter-pulse interval measurement technique as well as in the instantaneous measurement technique.

极化雷达图像目标超分辨率重建研究进展

成像雷达具有全天时、全天候的观测能力,能够通过成像处理获得目标雷达图像信息,是对地观测、侦察监视等民用和军用领域中的重要遥感设备。高分辨率雷达图像能够提供目标的详细轮廓和精细结构,有利于后续目标分类识别等应用。对获取的雷达图像,如何利用信号和信息处理等理论方法进一步提升分辨率,突破分辨率瑞利极限,具有重要的科学研究和实际应用价值。另一方面,作为电磁波的重要属性之一,极化在目标特性的获取和挖掘中发挥着重要作用,能够为目标超分辨率重建带来丰富信息。为此,该文梳理了极化雷达图像目标超分辨率重建的概念及性能评价指标,并重点归纳整理了极化雷达图像目标超分辨率重建方法及其应用。最后,总结了现有方法的局限性并展望了未来的技术发展趋势。

宽带相干信号DOA和极化参数联合估计方法

针对宽带相干信号下波达角和极化参数的联合估计问题,提出了一种低复杂度的参数估计方法。首先,通过轴向虚拟平移对圆阵接收信号进行平滑,而后对平滑后的自相关矩阵进行聚焦。之后,联合聚焦后的自协方差矩阵和平滑后的互协方差矩阵构造极化波达方向矩阵。然后,通过该矩阵的特征值和特征向量,经闭合式求解出入射信号的波达角和极化参数。所提算法实现了估计参数的自动配对,无需谱峰搜索,计算量小,且仅需3个阵元即可实现参数估计,能够节约硬件资源。仿真实验从复杂度、有效性和稳健性3个方面验证了所提算法的可行性。

米波极化敏感阵列的实值MUSIC测高方法

为获得更高的相干信号角度估计精度,并提高算法可实现性,在极化敏感阵列的基础上,文中提出了一种米波极化敏感阵列的实值多重信号分类测高方法。该方法首先采用矩阵重构的方法消除多径相干信号的影响;其次,利用酉变换对接收数据进行实值处理使其变为实数数据,并利用奇异值技术降低接收数据维度及噪声对接收数据的影响;然后,通过对特征值分解获得的噪声子空间矩阵进行空间谱估计获得目标仰角;最后,利用几何关系获得目标高度。由于该方法完全用实值运算来表述,因而可以显著降低计算复杂度。仿真结果表明:该方法测高精度更高,更利于工程实现。

DOA and polarization estimation via signal reconstruction with linear polarization-sensitive arrays

This paper addresses the problem of direction-of-arrival （DOA） and polarization estima- tion with polarization sensitive arrays （PSA）, which has been a hot topic in the area of array signal processing during the past two or three decades. The sparse Bayesian learning （SBL） technique is introduced to exploit the sparsity of the incident signals in space to solve this problem and a new method is proposed by reconstructing the signals from the array outputs first and then exploit- ing the reconstructed signals to realize parameter estimation. Only 1-D searching and numerical calculations are contained in the proposed method, which makes the proposed method computa- tionally much efficient. Based on a linear array consisting of identically structured sensors, the proposed method can be used with slight modifications in PSA with different polarization structures. It also performs well in the presence of coherent signals or signals with different degrees of polarization. Simulation results are given to demonstrate the parameter estimation precision of the proposed method.

面向电力线通信的干扰态检测及极化码设计

脉冲干扰噪声是电力线载波通信信道区别于其他通信信道的关键要素,目前的容量研究结果表明,基于马尔可夫模型可以将脉冲干扰噪声信道容量分解为多个干扰态的信道容量与非干扰态信道容量的线性加权叠加,且系统信道容量主要决定于非干扰态信道容量。为此,文中针对典型的脉冲干扰噪声信道推导了信道干扰状态的对数似然比检测准则,在此基础上通过对接收信号干扰态的对数似然比置零提出了脉冲干扰噪声信道的删除信道等效模型。最终,通过等效删除信道模型给出了脉冲干扰噪声信道的极化码设计准则。仿真结果表明,文中提出的干扰状态检测及对数似然比置零的信号预处理非常有效,所设计的极化码在预处理下性能优异,比公开文献中所报道的极化码性能有显著提升。

双极化面阵的快速波达方向估计算法

针对目前极化敏感面阵空域-极化域联合谱估计运算量大、耗时长的问题,提出一种降维求根MUSIC(Multiple Signal Classification)优化算法。通过对接收信号进行降维处理,提出新的求解模型将传统四维MUSIC转化为两个一维求根MUSIC求解空域波达方向和引用已求解出的空域信息结合拉格朗日乘子法解决来波信号极化信息估计问题。相比传统的4D-MUSIC和秩亏MUSIC,所提算法在不损失估计精度的前提下提高了运算速度,降低了运算复杂度,无需谱峰搜索过程,消除了因搜索步长而导致的量化误差。对日后大规模阵列计算及MIMO(Multiple Input Multiple Output)雷达引入提供快速求解方法。仿真实验表明,所提算法在低信噪比0 dB下空域误差约为0.85°,速度相比秩亏MUSIC提升了约64.7%,验证了该算法的有效性和高精度性。

Linear all-optical signal processing using silicon micro-ring resonators

Silicon micro-ring resonators （MRRs） are compact and versatile devices whose periodic frequency response can be exploited for a wide range of applications. In this paper, we review our recent work on linear all-optical signal processing applications using silicon MRRs as passive filters. We focus on applications such as modulation format conversion, differential phase-shift keying （DPSK） demodulation, modulation speed enhancement of directly modulated lasers （DMLs）, and monocycle pulse generation. The possibility to implement polarization diversity circuits, which reduce the polarization dependence of standard silicon MRRs, is illustrated on the particular example of DPSK demodulation.

Impact of polarization dependent loss on degree of polarization as feedback signal of polarization mode dispersion

Polarization dependent loss （PDL） has been recognized as a critical issue because various inline optical components may have nonnegligible PDL effect that interacts with polarization mode dispersion （PMD）. We investigated the impact of PMD-PDL interaction on degree of polarization （DOP）, which is the most commonly used feedback signal in PMD compensation. The simulation results of a 40-Gb/s NRZ code optical transmission system show that the maximum PMD increases from approximately 40 ps to more than 45 ps, while minimum DOP declines from approximately 0.6 to approximately 0.2. The interaction of PMD and PDL also induces residual PMD underestimation of 5-8 ps, which causes degradation of PMD compensation performance.

APC迭代滤波算法与性能分析

该文推导得到了自适应极化对消器(APC)的迭代滤波公式;分析了该闭环算法的收敛性能,并提出了加快收敛速度的预处理方法;引入了极化增益图的概念,比较了多个极化干扰同时存在情况下,APC与全自适应极化滤波器的性能;最后,仿真实验验证了该算法及文中结论的正确性。

信号最优极化滤波及性能分析

研究了信号最优极化滤波问题,以信号干扰噪声比(SINR)为目标函数建立了带非线性约束的优化模型,利用变量代换将其转化为无约束的优化问题,利用极值必要条件将优化问题转化为一元二次方程求根问题,导出了最大SINR和最优接收极化的解析表达式。性能分析表明:信号和干扰极化状态差异越大,滤波性能越好,完全极化干扰容易被抑制,而部分极化干扰效果好。

多跳频信号波达方向与极化状态联合估计算法

为了有效辅助跳频(FH)网台分选和信号识别、跟踪,该文用正交偶极子对构造极化敏感阵列,基于空间极化时频分析,在欠定条件下实现了多跳频信号波达方向(Direction Of Arrival,DOA)与极化状态的高效联合估计。首先建立跳频信号的极化敏感阵列观察模型,然后根据参考阵元时频分析结果建立各跳信号的空间极化时频分布矩阵,再利用该矩阵中蕴含的信号极化-空域特征信息分别运用线性、二次型空间极化时频以及多项式求根共3种方法实现DOA与极化参数联合估计,最后蒙特卡罗仿真结果验证了该算法的有效性。

干涉型全保偏光纤水听器阵列研制

报道了干涉型全保偏光纤水听器阵列的研究结果。在详细介绍全保偏光纤水听器基元结构和性能基础上,描述了四基元阵列结构和特性,给出了光纤水听器基元相对接收灵敏度的频率响应和阵列指向性的测量结果。同时指出光纤水听器与传统压电换能器在性能指标、信号传输和处理等方面的差异。

极化滤波技术的有效性研究

极化滤波技术在高频雷达抗天波干扰等领域有着广泛的应用 ,结合实际雷达测得的目标回波和干扰回波矢量数据 ,对极化滤波误差产生的原因、减小误差的方法以及利用极化滤波方法提高信干比的有效性进行了详细分析 .结果表明 ,极化滤波的效果取决于目标、干扰信号的极化状态 .在实际应用中为提高极化滤波器的滤波效果 ,增强对干扰信号的抑制能力 ,要选择最佳极化状态 。

一种改进的极化敏感阵列解相干算法

在相干信号源情形下,常用的极化敏感阵列信号处理方法(如参数估计、波束形成等)会出现性能下降甚至失效的现象。该文在极化平滑算法的基础上提出一种改进的解相干算法,通过对各子相关矩阵选择适当的加权系数,使平滑之后的相关矩阵具有Toeplitz的形式,进而消除信号之间的相干性。该文推导了最优加权系数的表达式及最大解相干信号个数,并利用加权平滑之后的相关矩阵完成了参数估计和波束形成。计算机仿真结果表明改进的方法具有比常规极化平滑算法更优越的性能,且适用于非均匀噪声和相干噪声的情况。