Propagation of polarized photons through a cavity withan anisotropic metamaterial

We present a theoretical study of the propagation properties of polarized photons passing through the cavity with an anisotropic metamaterial. We find that the resonant peaks of transmission appear for photons polarized in a certain direction corresponding to a negative element of the permittivity tensor. This indicates the potential for applying such cavity structures as filters for photons with certain polarizations. The resonant peak of transmission for photons having a given frequency can be achieved by adjusting the thicknesses of the air and metamaterial. If the frequency of the incident photons and the thickness of the metamaterial are fixed, the cavity structure can be used as a photon switch controlled by the thickness of the air. The effect of the absorption is considered, and the result shows that the transmission peak always appears, even for metamaterials with large absorption. Finally, the polarization manipulation of such structures is explored.

Efficient quantum private comparison protocol utilizing single photons and rotational encryption

As a branch of quantum secure multiparty computation,quantum private comparison is applied frequently in many fields,such as secret elections,private voting,and identification.A quantum private comparison protocol with higher efficiency and easier implementation is proposed in this paper.The private secrets are encoded as single polarized photons and then encrypted with a homomorphic rotational encryption method.Relying on this method and the circular transmission mode,we implement the multiplexing of photons,raising the efficiency of our protocol to 100%.Our protocol is easy to realize since only single photons,unitary operation,and single-particle measurement are introduced.Meanwhile,the analysis shows that our protocol is also correct and secure.

An Informational Approach to The Sinusoidal Law of Photon Polarization

The photon polarization law p(theta) = sin(2)theta is derived from a simple informational consideration by two methods: The first is via an intuitive principle of minimum Fisher information, the second is via a symmetry and invariance argument. The results demonstrate that in photon polarization, Nature has a tendency to hide herself as deep as possible while obeying some regular conditions.

Photonic crystal fiber polarization filter with two large apertures coated with gold layers

A novel photonic crystal fiber（PCF） polarization filter is designed and fabricated; it consists of two large apertures coated with gold. The asymmetric structure separates the resonance position in the vertical direction well. Due to the metal layer covering, loss is greatly improved. Finite element method is applied for numerical simulation. The influences of varying gold thickness and varying the diameters and the center positions of the larger apertures on filtering performance are evaluated. Theory of coupling between surface plasma and core mode is introduced. By modulating the parameters, we realize a single polarization filter at 1.31 μm and 1.55 μm. The basal mode loss in the y direction can reach 1408.80 dB/cm at 1.31 μm and 1911.22 dB/cm at 1.55 μm respectively, but basal mode loss in the x direction is relatively small, 0.82 dB/cm and 1.87 dB/cm. In addition, two kinds of broadband polarization filters are proposed. If the fiber length is set to 200 μm,the extinction ratio is greater than 20 dB with width of 570 nm and 490 nm. The filter has simple structure and excellent performance.

Precise Detection,Control and Synthesis of Chiral Compounds at Single‑Molecule Resolution

Chirality,as the symmetric breaking of molecules,plays an essential role in physical,chemical and especially biological processes,which highlights the accurate distinction among heterochiralities as well as the precise preparation for homochirality.To this end,the well-designed structure-specific recognizer and catalysis reactor are necessitated,respectively.However,each kind of target molecules requires a custom-made chiral partner and the dynamic disorder of spatial-orientation distribution of molecules at the ensemble level leads to an inefficient protocol.In this perspective article,we developed a universal strategy capable of realizing the chirality detection and control by the external symmetry breaking based on the alignment of the molecular frame to external stimuli.Specifically,in combination with the discussion about the relationship among the chirality(molecule),spin(electron)and polarization(photon),i.e.,the three natural symmetry breaking,single-molecule junctions were proposed to achieve a single-molecule/event-resolved detection and synthesis.The fixation of the molecular orientation and the CMOS-compatibility provide an efficient interface to achieve the external input of symmetry breaking.This perspective is believed to offer more efficient applications in accurate chirality detection and precise asymmetric synthesis via the close collaboration of chemists,physicists,materials scientists,and engineers.

What in Fact Proves the Violation of the Bell-Type Inequalities?

A. Peres constructed an example of particles entangled in the state of spin singlet. He claimed to have obtained the CHSH inequality and concluded that the violation of this inequality shows that in a measurement in which some variables are tested, other variables, not tested, have no defined value. In the present paper is proved that the correct conclusion of the violation of the CHSH inequality is different. It is proved that the classical calculus of probabilities of test results, obeying the Kolmogorov axioms, is unfit for the quantum formalism, dominated by probability amplitudes.

Low Loss Polarization Maintaining Photonic Crystal Fiber

A low loss polarization maintaining photonic crystal fiber has been fabricated. The fiber loss was 1.3 dB/km at 1550 nm. The polarization crosstalk for a 100-m fiber was -35 dB at 1550 nm.

Photon polarization tensor in a magnetized plasma system

We investigate the photon polarization tensor at finite temperatures in the presence of a static and homogeneous external magnetic field.In our scheme,the summing of the Matsubara frequency is performed after Poisson resummation,which is easily completed and converges quickly.Moreover,the behaviors of finite Landau levels are presented explicitly.It shows a convergence while summing infinite Landau levels.Consequently,there is no necessity to truncate the Landau level in a numerical estimation.At zero temperature,the lowest Landau level(LLL)approximation is analytically satisfied for the vacuum photon polarization tensor.However,we examine that the LLL approximation is not enough for the thermal polarization tensor.The thermal tensor obtains non-trivial contributions from the finite-n Landau levels.And,photon spectra gains a large imaginary contribution in thermal medium,which is the so-called Landau damping.Finally,it is argued that the summation of Matsubara frequency is not commuted with Landau level ones,such conjecture is excluded in our calculations.

Latest results from GRAAL collaboration

The GRAAL experimental set-up consists of a polarized and tagged photon beam that covers an energy range from a minimum of 600 MeV up to a maximum of 1500 MeV, of a liquid Hydrogen or Deuterium target and of the 4π Lagrange detector optimized for photon detection. It allows the study of pseudo-scalar and vector meson photoproduCtion on the nucleon in the energy range corresponding to the second and the third resonance regions. In the following, the ∑ beam asymmetries in η and π0 photoproduction on quasi-free nucleon are shown. Also single and double polarization observables in K＋A photoproduction on free proton are shown; they are important to confirm the role of new or poorly known resonances in the 1900 MeV mass region.