Legislative Protection for Women's Rights and Interests after the Founding of the People's Republic of China

The process of legislative protection for women’s rights and interests of the new China can be divided into two phases: The first phase is from the establishment of the People’s Republic of China to the adoption of the policy of reform and opening up to the outside

Initial Analysis on the Legal Protection of Consumers＇ Rights and Interests in Network Transaction

With the development of network technology and information technology, electronic commerce as a new business model wiht itsnew trading ideas-＋, In changing the traditional business structure,but also gradually changing people’s shopping patterns and consumptionpatterns,Online shopping has become the preferred way of shopping.Changes in consumption patterns will inevitably lead to new problems inthe process of consumption,and the development speed of the problem in sync with the development speed of network economy,as far as therenewal speed of laws and regulations is concerned,this asymmetric development is bound to bring great inconvenience to the consumer rights innetwork transactions.In this paper, from the angle of legal protection,the protection of consumer rights and interests in network transactions areexpounded,analysis of the current situation and reasons of the consumers’ rights and interests are infringed upon in the network transaction,learnfrom the experience of foreign consumer rights and interests protection,In order to put forward effective suggestions on the system constructionof the protection of consumer rights and interests.

Improvement of Legislation System of Protecting Women’s Rights and Interests in China——Taking the Amendment of the Law on the Protection of Women’s Rights and Interests as an Opportunity

The Law on the Protection of Women’s Rights and interests has been amended twice since it was promulgated 1992,and it has formed a relatively complete legislation system together with relevant laws and regulations,accumulating experience of judicial application in practice.In the current proposed amendment of the Law on the Protection of Women’s Rights and interests,the main issues that should be considered are:First,the legislative purpose of this law should be reviewed to clarify the three legislative positions of the Law on Women’s Rights and interests,in terms of protection,practice and foundation.Second,it is necessary to grasp whether the text content is appropriate and rectify any defects in the existing text.Third,it should explore how to reform and implement specific systems from the micro perspective to improve the specific systems of women’s personal,property,and social rights and interests.Fourth,it should strengthen the systematic interaction with other norms at different levels and implement the principle of gender equality stipulated in the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China.Fifth,attention should be paid to the necessity of invoking the Law in judicial practice,the possibility of operation and the effectiveness of enforcement.The proposed amendment of the Law on the Protection of Women’s Rights and interests should also sum up the experience of local legislation and judicial decisions and improve the quality of judicial application of the law so that is truly responds to the practical needs and challenges of the protection of women’s rights and interests and the implementation of gender equality in the new era.

China Keen to Protect Women’s Rights, Interests——An interview with Zhao Shaohua, vice-chairwoman of the All-China Women’s Federation

EDITOR＇S NOTE： Slated for September 2008, the Tenth National Congress of the Chinese Women will review the achievements the country has made over the past five years in promoting women＇s rights and interests and formulate the targets for the protection endeavor over the next five years. The five years since the Ninth National Congress of the Chinese Women have witnessed a constant improvement in the status of the Chinese women and in their human rights conditions. Following is a transcript of an interview given our staff reporters by Zhao Shaohua, vice-chairperson of the All-China Women＇s Federation （ACWF） and member of the ACWF Secretariat, on how women＇s rights and interests are protected in China.

Protection of Women’s Rights and Interests in Macao

1. Introduction With China＇s reform and opening up, great achievements have been witnessed by all of us in the protection of human rights, the basic pursuit of which is gen- der equality. Remarkable achievements have also been accomplished in the pro- tection of women＇s rights and interests. It has been 12 years since Macao＇s mann to its motherland. Over these years, Macao, under the framework of the ＂Basic Law＂ has successfully practiced the great concept of ＂one country, two systems,

Seeking a Common Platform for Safeguarding Women’s Rights and Interests

＂Women＇s rights and interests are human rights＂ is now a concept accepted by all. The power of the law now safeguards the rights and interests of women. Recalling efforts in recent years to safeguard women＇s rights and interests, we cannot but feel gratified to know that we have made great progress.

Creating an Institutional Environment for Protecting the Rights and Interests of China’s Dispatched Labor

Employment is fundamental in improving the livelihood of the people and social security is the source ofhuman happiness. This is how the international community protects and improves basic human rights. It is also the policy China has adopted to achieve sustainable economic and social development. Furthermore, it is clear evidence of China＇s respect and protection of human rights.

Broad-based Network for Protecting the Rights and Interests of Women and Children——A story about the Women's Federation of Qinhuangdao City

The room is in utter chaos, with chairs piling up in a comer and the cable TV not connected to the power source. But one thing is put in place： a slogan on the wall ＂Creating an outstanding WFQ team for the benefit of all women and children.＂

A Judicial Empirical Study on the Principle of “the Best Interests of the Child”——From the Principles of National Conventions to the Building of Adjudication Norms

“The best interests of the child”is an essential principle of the Convention on the Rights of the Child.Due to the abstractness and ambiguity of this principle,its application is inevitably subject to the judge’s personality.Through empirical analysis,we can find that the judicial documents invoking the principle of“the best interests of the child”by Chinese courts show a significant increase in the number of disputes,types of disputes,and pronounced regional characteristics.The application of this principle by the courts is highly consistent with the judicial interpretative documents issued by the Supreme People’s Court.The invocation of this principle plays the role of interpreting the provisions of the law,the value basis for discretion,and the value orientation for shaping new rules in adjudication.At the same time,it is plagued by a lack of guidelines for the application of principles,invocations that serve the will of judges,and imperfect thinking in weighing the various factors involved.The application of this principle should be improved by setting normative standards for the principle of“the best interests of the child”,increasing case guidance for invoking the principle,and enhancing the professionalism of judges.

高校“非升即走”制度下教师权益保障困境及破解路径

随着“非升即走”成为我国高等学校教师聘任的主流制度,高校教师的权益保障问题在人事制度改革和相关立法中的重要性和紧迫性日益凸显。结合理论研究和司法实践来看,我国高校教师面临的权益保障困境主要表现为“学术青椒”的尴尬:在“非升即走”聘用合同签订前,高校教师的法律身份模糊;在签订合同时,高校教师的主体性尤其是平等参与权缺失;在履行合同中,高校教师权利救济渠道不畅。这些问题的主要原因在于“学术锦标赛”的异化:高校人事管理的相关法律内容模糊、高校办学自主权边界不清和“非升即走”制度的价值偏离。破解“非升即走”制度下高校教师权益保障的现实困境的关键在于学术生态的优化:国家层面应明确“非升即走”聘用合同是“具有行政要素的劳动合同”的法律属性,重构高校教师“兼具公权与私权性质的特殊劳动者”的法律身份,完善高校教师聘任的相关法律体系;高校层面应重塑“非升即走”的制度价值,充分发挥制度的激励和促进作用,完善“非升即走”制度内容及配套措施,健全教师权益保障机制。

Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Rights and Interests of Women

ContentsChapter Ⅰ General ProvisionsChapter Ⅱ Political RightsChaptet Ⅲ Rights and Interests Relating to Culture and EducationChapter Ⅳ Rights and Interests Relating to WorkChapter Ⅴ Rights and Interests Relating to PropertyChapter Ⅵ Rights Relating to the PersonChapter Ⅶ Rights and Interests Relating to Marriage and FamilyChapter Ⅷ Legal ResponsibilityChaptet Ⅸ Supplementary

SA8000标准与《中华人民共和国劳动法》比较分析

SA8000作为一个以保护劳工权益为内容的社会责任管理体系,从童工、强迫性劳动、健康与安全、 自由结社与集体谈判、平等就业、惩罚性措施、工作时间、工资薪酬、管理系统等九个方面给予企业规范性要 求。而《中华人民共和国劳动法》作为中国市场经济条件下保护劳动者权益的法律,对此也有明确规定。中国企 业应当按照《中华人民共和国劳动法》指引,完善企业劳动制度,才能应对SA8000标准的推行。

民法典时代公安民警职业素养研究

我国已经进入民法典时代,公安民警应当具备与之相适应的职业素养。基于人民警察职责与保护民事权益的契合性、保护民事权益能力的不可替代性以及警察权对民事权益作用的双重可能性,公安民警应当更加强化民事权益保护意识;应当弘扬民法典主导价值观,具备平等待人的职业修养、公正处置民事权益的职业能力以及友善对待群众的职业道德;应当了解民法典与公安机关职责相关的规定,掌握执法办案、帮助群众化解矛盾纠纷等服务人民工作中的常用民法知识。

我国家庭教育政策的变迁及其动因探析

新中国成立以来,基于儿童的健康成长需要,家庭教育政策随着政治经济社会和教育事业的发展而呈现出改造家庭教育、要求家长尽责教育、提高家庭教育指导服务水平、建立家庭教育政策体系等四个阶段性的变化,体现出针对我国不同阶段教育发展中主要问题而展开的特征,反映出家庭教育政策中儿童权益保护的不断强化和儿童成长内涵的日臻完善。未来需进一步清晰责任主体,使家庭教育指导服务体系和家校社协同机制更加完善。

论警务辅助人员的执法主体地位及履职保障

作为现代社会我国维系社会治安的重要辅助力量,警务辅助人员在辅助执法等方面发挥着不可忽视的作用,是公安队伍的重要组成部分。实践中,由于警务辅助人员“辅助性”人员职能定位,导致其执法主体地位缺失,在依法履职时缺乏应有的法治保障,严重阻碍了警务辅助人员制度效能的发挥。在我国现实情境下,全盘否定警务辅助人员的执法权是不现实的。理论上,应当对警务辅助人员进行界定,明确其职责特点,厘清警务辅助人员的执法主体地位;实践中,应当结合警务辅助人员内部职权行为与外部职权行为、辅助执行柔性措施与刚性措施之分,严格界定其参与执法的边界,明确其参与执法的权限;同时,加强对警务辅助人员依法履职的法治保障,明确暴力袭击警务辅助人员的行为成立袭警罪,并强化对警务辅助人员的安全保障。

农民与国家关系的演变模式及前景

从中国农民与国家关系的历时性视角来看,农民与国家关系的演变可能有五种变动模式:(1)传统社会中的农民与国家是一种四位一体、虚实双线关系;(2)土改时期的农民与国家是一种四位一体、双边二重关系;(3)集体化时期农民与国家是一种三位一体、城乡二元关系;(4)改革以来农民与国家是一种四位一体、强弱双线关系;(5)未来农民与国家关系演变的可能前景,或许是一种多元一体、合作共赢关系。

和谐语境下农村小产权房规制问题研究--以民生利益为探究视角

在农村小产权房热销的同时,建设部作出了关于购买新建商品房的风险提示,国务院常务会议上也明确叫停小产权房的销售,农村小产权房争议再度升温,对于农村小产权房的合法化问题说法不一。文章基于风险与利益的博弈对农村小产权房的内质予以厘定,从利益驱动角度探究农村小产权房的成因,并通过农村小产权房的弊病分析得出其存在的风险,进而以民生利益为探究视角对农村小产权房的合法化进行检讨,最终在和谐语境下,从防治结合的探索进路提出分类规制的解决思路。

论消费者倾斜性保护的逻辑

消费者保护被普遍认可,但消费者保护立法的倾斜性原则却遭到质疑。倾斜性保护原则的成立有其历史必然性,是基于大工业、大行业时代提出的,旨在纠正社会经济生活中客观存在的实质不公平现象;有其社会基础,即由于在消费活动中消费者与经营者存在信息不对称、消费者明显的弱势地位,需要立法进行倾斜性权利配置,以维护正常的社会经济秩序。从一些先行工业化国家的立法来看,倾斜性保护的系列立法并没有损害企业的整体利益,更不会扭曲、破坏市场机制;我国的消费者保护立法实践也表明,倾斜性保护原则体现了现代社会公平价值和传统文化中的人本思想、彰显了消费者的消费尊严。

建立在现代产权制度基础之上的城市规划

从政府的作用和现代行政法的角度出发,从现代产权制度和公共利益的角度,初步分析利益主体的物权、相邻权,政府的发展权、征用权、对财产的公共管理。提出建立在产权制度之上的城市规划应是在私有产权和公共利益之间形成平衡的城市规划机制,以保护产权、维护相邻权、公平配给发展权、合理确定征用权的法律依据。建议城市规划的制度建设要走向公平、公正、公开,并将公共利益与产权的维护有机地统一起来。