Industrial transformation and green production to reduce environmental emissions: Taking cement industry as a case

Industrial transformation and green production(ITGP) is a new 10-year international research initiative proposed by the Chinese National Committee for Future Earth. It is also an important theme for adapting and responding to global environmental change. Aiming at a thorough examination of the implementation of ITGP in China, this paper presents its objectives, its three major areas, and their progress so far. It also identifies the key elements of its management and proposes new perspectives on managing green transformation. For instance, we introduce a case study on cement industry that shows the positive policy effects of reducing backward production capacity on PCDD/Fs emissions. Finally,to develop different transformation scenarios for a green future, we propose four strategies: 1) policy integration for promoting green industry, 2)system innovation and a multidisciplinary approach, 3) collaborative governance with all potential stakeholders, and 4) managing uncertainty,risks, and long-time horizons.

Industrial Policy Analysis of Restricted Development Zones in Western China——A Study of State-level Main Producing Areas of Agricultural Products and Key Ecological Functional Areas

As one of the important policies of promoting the formation of main functional areas, the industrial policy directly determines the sustainable growth of space control ability of main functional areas. A restricted development zone is a type of main functional area which provides agricultural products and ecological products, assures the supply of national agricultural products and the stability of ecosystems, as well as safeguards the ecological functions and agricultural functions of wider regions by restricting its own development. Therefore scientific, complete and operable industrial policy support is needed. Restricted development zones are distributed widely in western China. With the restriction of their main functions, differential industrial policies should be implemented in the development of the restricted development zones: Dealing well with the relationship between industrial development and ecological protection, developing special industries which are friendly to resources and environment and appropriate for local conditions, guiding and encouraging industries to learn from regions with favorable development conditions, orderly withdrawing industries and enterprises adverse to main functions, facilitating industrial structure upgrading, optimizing industrial organization, improving industrial technological level and rationalizing industrial layout.

A global perspective on macroprudential policy interaction with systemic risk,real economic activity,and monetary intervention

The study empirically assesses how macroprudential policy interacts with systemic risk,industrial production,and monetary intervention on a global level from January 2006 to December 2018.We adopt the aggregate proxies of these variables,capturing their global effects,and use a novel econometric technique,namely,smooth local projections.The study finds that global macroprudential policy leads the monetary policy,exhibiting a countercyclical pattern concerning industrial production.The latter has an inverse bidirectional linkage with systemic risk.Thus,an ex-ante tight macroprudential policy can indirectly mitigate global systemic risk through its pro-growth effect on industrial production,although no convincing evidence exists for the direct impact of a macroprudential intervention on systemic risk.The study results endure several extensions and a robustness check,which builds on alternative measures of global systemic stress and real economic activity,thereby legitimizing the increased importance attached to the macroprudential policy since the 2007–2009 global financial crisis.

Does innovative city pilot policy promote urban green growth in China?An analysis of green total factor productivity,2005-2020

The innovative city pilot policy(ICPP)is an essential manifestation of China’s construction of an innovative and green-driven development country.We incorporated urban green total factor productivity(GTFP)growth into the evaluation of ICPP.Based on the panel data of 223 cities in China from 2005 to 2020,we used the difference-in-differences model to empirically assess the influence and mechanism of the ICPP on urban GTFP growth.The main results show that(i)The ICPP has maintained an effectively fluctuating promotion on urban GTFP growth,mainly manifested in the urban green technological progress improvement.(ii)The ICPP has urban heterogeneity in promoting GTFP growth in pilot cities,mainly affecting key cities such as provincial capitals.(iii)The interaction between the agglomeration of producer services and the ICPP inhibits GTFP growth in pilot cities.

The impact of the COVID-19 prevention and economic interventions on express delivery industry:Evidence from China

As a fundamental logistics service,the express delivery(ED)industry provides production and consumption activities to maintain efficient supply chain operations.It plays an important role in promoting industrial development and maintaining daily life and consumption.This study examined the effects of COVID-19 on the ED industry using ED package delivery data from 31 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities)in China.Using a difference-in-differences method,the COVID-19 outbreak was found to have a positive effect and epidemic prevention and control(EPC)policies were found to have negative effects on the development of the ED industry.In addition to EPC policies,the Chinese government has implemented other short-term economic interventions(SEI),such as the resumption of work and production(RWP),policies to balance economic growth,and epidemic prevention.This study divided the pandemic period into three stages to analyze the different impacts of EPC and SEI policy changes on the ED industry.The RWP policies adopted during the pandemic positively impacted the volume and income of packages delivered to the ED industry.The conclusions of this study are significant for the ED industry in addressing public health emergencies and for the Chinese government to formulate EPC and SEI policies during epidemic periods.

Productivity Growth, Technological Progress, and Efficiency Change in Vietnamese Manufacturing Industries: A Stochastic Frontier Approach

This study applies a stochastic frontier production approach to decompose the sources of total productivity (TFP) growth into technical progress and changes in technical efficiency of 8057 firms in Vietnamese manufacturing industries during 2003-2007. Using both total manufacturing industry and sub-manufacturing industrial regressions, the analysis focuses on the trend of technological progress (TP) and technical efficiency change (TEC), and the role of productivity change in economic growth. According to the estimated results, the annual technical progress for the manufacturing industry and sub-manufacturing industries are calculated directly from the estimated parameters of the translog stochastic frontier production function by taking a partial derivative of output with respect to time t. The average technical changes in manufacturing industry and sub-manufacturing industries are positive, with an average technical change about 5.2%, 5.8%, 5.4%, 11.8%, 4.6%, 4.1%, 7.3%, 4.8%, 4.8% and 4.8% for total sample, food products & beverages, textile & wearing apparel, footwear, paper & products, industrial chemicals, rubber & plastic products, non- metallic mineral, basic & fabricated metal and other sub-industries, respectively. Total TFP in the manufacturing sector has grown at the annual rate of 0.052, although the rate of growth decreased continuously during the sample period. For the sub-industry estimates during the sample period, TFP grew fastest in the footwear sub-industry, with annual average growth rate of 11.8%, followed by the rubber & plastic products with a rate of 7.3%, and the food products & beverages with a rate of 5.8% per annum.

ICT in Chile at the Beginning of the Fourth Industrial Revolution

This paper shows the current status of companies in the information and communication technology(ICT)sector in Santiago,Chile.It presents the results of interviews with 13 ICT companies,reviewing structural elements that determine the development of the sector.For this purpose,a qualitative analysis of that interviewed group is carried out to identify their different linkages and work dynamics.This sector has a great capacity for stimulating innovative development throughout the national economy,a key element in the paradigmatic change that the so-called fourth industrial revolution imposes on us.

The Impact of the Establishment of National High-tech Zones on Total Factor Productivity of Chinese Enterprises

The National High-tech Zone(NHTZs)is an important strategic platform for cultivating high-tech industries and realizing high-quality economic development in China.Based on the combined data from 2006 to 2014 of the industrial enterprise database,the customs database,and the China Development Zones Audit and Announcement Catalogue(abbreviated asthe Catalogue),this paper systematically investigates the influence of the construction of NHTZs on enterprise’s total factor productivity(TFP).Results show that NHTZs have a positive impact on the TFP of enterprises in the zone,and this conclusion is still valid after considering endogeneity problems.Furthermore,the above productivity effects of NHTZs are heterogeneous in terms of enterprise ownership,external environment and establishment time,and NHTZs have greater stimulation effects on enterprise productivity after comparing with other types of functional zones.An investigation of the specific mechanisms at play shows that NHTZs promote the TFP of enterprises in the zone through the release of preferential policies,strengthening the“technology spillover effects”of imported intermediate goods,enhancing enterprise’s innovation ability and attracting talent.In addition,based on the decomposition of industry productivity,this paper also investigates the impact of NHTZs on changes in industry productivity and finds that NHTZs promote the overall productivity of specific industries mainly by stimulating the productivity improvement of incumbent enterprises and expanding the market share of high-productivity enterprises.Moreover,the preferential policies of NHTZs do not significantly stimulate high-productivity enterprises to enter the zones,nor do they cause low-productivity enterprises to exit.This research is helpful in objectively evaluating the economic effects of the NHTZs in China and in providing a theoretical basis for its further adjustment.

人工智能、产品创新与制造业适应性转型

人工智能(AI)对产品开发、运营和营销等企业价值链的影响正在改变制造业转型升级的机制与路径。围绕AI如何通过影响产品创新推动制造业转型升级,本文依托相关研究成果提炼AI区别于其他数字技术的核心创新特征,剖析AI对产品创新的影响机制,并通过AI影响个体、企业、产业的跨层次分析框架,从产品创新视角提出AI影响制造业转型升级的适应性变革概念模型,探讨AI通过产品创新影响制造业适应性转型的机制与路径,形成三个主要结论:(1)新社会主体、生成性、知识积累方式突变性构成AI区别于其他数字技术的三个核心创新特征;(2)AI作为新社会主体角色介入产品企划、结构工艺等开发环节,改变或增强了人类智能的产品开发思维,拓展了产品开发的知识边界;(3)AI增强产品创新与运营过程、市场营销和销售的全价值链即时互动和调整,构建起平衡制造敏捷性与用户敏捷性冲突的自适应调节机制,推动制造业通过产业快速自适应调节涌现出自适应间断平衡的转型路径。

加快发展新质生产力的主要措施与产业政策转型

发展以智能技术为代表的新质生产力,在时间分布上要动态合理地配置传统产业改造、新兴产业壮大、未来产业培育三大任务,尤其要高度重视用智能化新技术对传统产业进行改造升级;在具体策略上要积极推进针对现有产业的“智改数转网联”三大行动,尤其要注重“网联”行动;在治理结构上要大力培育“链主”企业、“专精特新”企业、中小企业三类主体,尤其要聚焦上下游互动与市场化治理,以突破各种创新的瓶颈;在动力机制上要努力增强创新、改革、开放三大引擎的动能,尤其要加大对内开放的力度;在要素结构上要充分展现知识、技术、人才三大要素的市场价值,畅通教育、科技、人才的良性循环。同时,不仅要在理论上澄清一些认识误区,也要对现有产业政策的实施方式进行改革,如从注重产能扩张转向创新支持、从地方主导型转向中央主导型、从挑选“输家赢家”转向创造竞争环境、从补贴生产者转向补贴用户,以防止在实践中出现产能严重过剩等泡沫化现象与问题,最大限度地支持新质生产力发展。

构建适应新质生产力发展的产业政策体系

在追赶阶段,推动传统生产力发展的产业政策具有以引进模仿为主和选择性两个典型特征。新质生产力原创性、颠覆性、不确定性的技术经济特征使产业政策的逻辑发生改变,自主创新的重要性提高,选择性产业政策的失败概率加大,需要发挥市场微观主体的探索作用。加快新质生产力的发展,要根据新质生产力的技术经济特征对科技创新、产业化、产业组织、法律与监管等方面的政策作出适应性调整。

产业政策如何支撑产业升级:基于深圳模式的解析

找到将地区比较优势转化为竞争优势的机制,是后发地区实现产业起步乃至赶超发展的前提。改革开放之初,深圳作为改革开放前沿阵地,利用先行先试的政策优势,将丰富的劳动力及土地要素与世界产业转移浪潮结合,找到了启动工业化进程的机制,并通过适时而变的产业政策,成功将地区比较优势转化为了竞争优势,推动地区工业化快速发展,并实现了产业结构的阶段跃迁。自1980年以来,深圳产业经历了四个阶段升级,目前部分细分行业已走到引领国际前沿的位置,塑造了多个特征鲜明的发展模式。从模式演化角度来看,主要有起步阶段外生驱动下的“内附-外嵌”模式、培育动态比较优势阶段借助外生动力衍生本地优势的补链模式、加入世贸组织后培育国际竞争优势阶段以内生动力驱动高新技术产业发展的集群模式、目前深化竞争优势阶段通过知识融合哺育国际前沿新业态的融合模式。相应地,产业政策也经历了“试错型”产业政策、要素保障型产业政策、创新保障型产业政策和前沿探索型产业政策等阶段。深圳产业发展模式的跃迁是产业迭代升级的体现,也是有为政府适时调整产业政策的结果,未来应进一步引领国家构建有助于新质生产力发展的国际一流产业生态。

产业政策与企业创新:资源获取与信息治理

基于沪深两市A股2007—2019年上市公司面板的经验证据,通过双重差分检验了“十三五”规划的静态效应以及动态效应,结果表明,“十三五”规划的出台能显著提升企业创新水平。对于产业政策与企业创新水平的正相关关系,产权性质发挥了负向调节作用,而市场竞争程度和市场化进程分别发挥了正向调节作用。产业政策主要通过扩大银行贷款、商业信用、降低股权融资成本的融资约束缓解和公司信息透明度提升两条路径来提升企业创新。

中国低空经济发展的实践进路:依托科技自立自强助力新质生产力形成

低空经济是中国首倡的一种新兴经济模式,也是近年中国在无人机、卫星定位、5G通信和精密导航等多个领域掌握核心技术,实现高水平科技自立自强的进路呈现。受益于国家和地方政策支持以及资源投入,近两年中国低空经济得以迅速发展,产生了一系列有益的产业化探索和创新实践,然而,由于低空经济关联的技术领域较广,如何进行技术和专利分析目前还存在不少研究盲点;此外,针对低空经济发展可能带来的社会、环境、生态、健康和安全等维度的风险也缺乏足够的关注和应对措施,围绕中国低空经济发展相关的政策、制度和监管体系也亟待进一步健全和完善。为此,首先分析低空经济的内涵与外延,给出其明确定义,即以低空空域为主要物理空间,依托先进的移动通信、卫星定位和物联网等数字基础设施,以及人工智能和大数据为代表的新一代信息技术,围绕低空飞行器生产制造、低空飞行和相关配套服务等新兴产业,通过高水平科技自立自强助力新质生产力发展,从而实现价值的创造和转化,从而更好地满足人民日益增长的物质文化需要;其次,通过政府官方网站搜集梳理中国低空经济相关政策,综合相关文献信息和政策文本,并与大语言模型GPT-4进行交互的基础上,提取和完善低空经济技术(专利)检索关键词,而后利用企查查、incoPat、壹专利等数据库采集相关数据进行系统性分析,丰富和完善相关实证研究;最后,在此基础上分析提出中国低空经济发展在核心技术研发、新兴产业布局、数据隐私和安全风险管理、空域噪声和电磁污染治理,以及国家层面政策法规标准制定等方面所面临的现实挑战和潜在的治理风险,并针对其实践进路提出相应对策建议。

黑龙江省农产品加工产业发展与现状分析

农产品加工业是农业现代化的标志,但黑龙江省农产品加工产业仍以传统初加工模式为主,精深加工领域发展落后。本文在对黑龙江省农产品加工产业现状、农产品加工产业发展的重要性,及农产品加工产业发展的制约因素等方面开展系统阐述的基础上,提出黑龙江省农产品加工产业良性快速发展的可行性建议,即建设科企互作平台、形成行业发展合力,创新技术更新产品、加强技术装备配套,扭转地域劣势、扬长避短加强宣传,加强平台建设、引领良性循环。

重点产业政策与中国企业出口产品组合调整

本文利用中国工业企业数据和海关数据,考察了重点产业政策对多产品企业出口产品组合调整的影响。研究结果发现,重点产业政策促进了企业出口产品集中度的提高和出口产品范围的扩大。这种促进作用在民营企业、外资企业、一般贸易企业和东部地区企业中更为突出。重点产业政策通过缓解企业融资约束和激励企业技术创新等渠道影响企业出口行为的调整,同时,激烈的国内同业竞争和目的地市场竞争进一步强化了产业政策效应。除了影响受支持企业的出口行为,重点产业政策还能通过融资和创新的溢出效应带动相同二位码行业内非重点企业调整出口产品组合,培育其竞争优势。

人工智能是我国新质生产力发展的核心引擎

科学技术是第一生产力,科技革命和产业变革是推动社会生产力跃升和质变的基本力量。社会生产力发展不仅取决于科技创新,而且深受一国或地区社会经济制度和国家意志的影响。新质生产力理论是对新一轮科技革命和中国经济社会发展共生共融进程深刻理解和把握基础上的理论创新,为统筹我国经济、社会和生态协调发展提供理论和方法论指导。从经济视角看,新科技革命驱动的产业变革是新质生产力的集中体现。作为新一轮科技革命的引领性技术,人工智能带来产业变革的同时,有效促进经济、社会和生态协调发展,是新质生产力的核心引擎。作为新兴通用目的技术,人工智能和实体经济的深度融合带来持续技术重组和互补性创新,不仅能够促进传统产业转型升级,而且能够催生颠覆性和前沿技术创新,培育和孵化战略性新兴产业和未来产业,从而实现产业结构变革和新质生产力发展。全面深化改革和实施全面智能化发展战略,是发展新质生产力的战略支撑。

链长制政策与中国企业高质量发展——基于产业链供应链韧性视角的考察

在中美贸易摩擦持续升级和慢全球化的新国际环境下,产业链供应链安全与韧性被视为实现以全要素生产率提升为表征的中国企业高质量发展的有效保障。在此背景下,我国部分省份探索性地实施产业链链长制政策,以期增强产业链供应链韧性和企业协同联动能力,促进全要素生产率的释放,助推中国企业高质量发展。基于2014-2022年中国A股上市公司数据,以链长制作为一项政策冲击事件,检验其对全要素生产率的影响。结果表明:链长制政策可以显著提升企业全要素生产率,促进中国企业高质量发展。机制检验发现,链长制主要从供应关系稳定、供需结构优化和主体协同创新三个不同的产业链供应链韧性层面,提升企业全要素生产率。异质性分析发现,链长制对年轻企业、非国有企业、技术密集型企业和产业集聚水平较高地区企业的全要素生产率提升作用更加强烈。因此,要进一步构建完善的链长制政策体系,以产业链供应链全过程为着力点,强化产业链供应链韧性,助力中国企业高质量发展。

泰国、马来西亚和印度天然橡胶产业支持政策及启示

天然橡胶是重要的战略物资和战略资源,2023年中央一号文件要求完善天然橡胶产业扶持政策。为了更好地借鉴天然橡胶主产国的经验,从生产、市场、贸易等角度对泰国、马来西亚和印度天然橡胶产业政策进行了较为系统的梳理,并进行对比分析,对完善我国天然橡胶产业政策提出了建议。

我国职业教育产教融合政策变迁历程与动力机制——间断-均衡理论视角

产教融合是职业教育实现高质量发展的关键。以间断-均衡理论为基础,借助政策范式理论,本研究构建职业教育产教融合政策变迁分析框架,运用内容分析法对新中国成立以来职业教育产教融合政策变迁逻辑进行客观梳理与系统剖析。研究验证并拓展了间断-均衡理论的适用性,发现职业教育产教融合政策呈现渐进性均衡和突发性间断相结合的变迁样态,具有非线性发展特征。制度环境和价值理念是推动政策变迁的主要动力,焦点事件通过影响决策者注意力为政策变迁开启“机会之窗”。强化顶层设计与政策供给、建立开放包容的政策场域、完善政策试点与保障机制是推动我国职业教育产教融合高质量发展的应然路径。