Research on Policy Diffusion Path and Reproduction of River Chief System

The River Chief System (RCS) has evolved from local innovative practices to a national water governance strategy to address the current challenges in China’s water environmental management. In contrast to existing research that focuses on the strengths, weaknesses, and improvements of RCS, this study uses literature study to reveal the dynamic evolution of RCS through three phases, with RCS spreading from developed coastal areas to central and western inland regions. RCS’s diffusion path involves vertical diffusion between central and local levels and horizontal diffusion among local governments. Moreover, RCS has also achieved conceptual spillover, gradually expanding into other governance domains, such as the Lake Chief System, the Field Chief System, the Forestry Chief System, and the integration of multiple chief roles. However, it is essential to scrutinize the phenomenon of applying similar governance mechanisms to different areas, as it may result in challenges such as overburdening local governments, insufficient public participation, oversimplification of differences in natural resource endowments, and limited applicability. This study also provides suggestions on how to address these challenges. The study contributes theoretical insights and policy implications, providing a foundation for practical policy innovation.

SRv6 Policy业务可靠性方案探讨

介绍了SRv6 Policy、SBFD技术及5G承载网络SRv6 Policy业务可靠性方案。针对SBFD误触发问题,提出了在被动端生成BSID、部署引流策略及设置不同检测周期等3种完善措施,这些措施不仅提高了业务的可靠性,还显著提升了网络服务能力.

Can ChatGPT evaluate research quality?

Purpose:Assess whether ChatGPT 4.0 is accurate enough to perform research evaluations on journal articles to automate this time-consuming task.Design/methodology/approach:Test the extent to which ChatGPT-4 can assess the quality of journal articles using a case study of the published scoring guidelines of the UK Research Excellence Framework(REF)2021 to create a research evaluation ChatGPT.This was applied to 51 of my own articles and compared against my own quality judgements.Findings:ChatGPT-4 can produce plausible document summaries and quality evaluation rationales that match the REF criteria.Its overall scores have weak correlations with my self-evaluation scores of the same documents(averaging r=0.281 over 15 iterations,with 8 being statistically significantly different from 0).In contrast,the average scores from the 15 iterations produced a statistically significant positive correlation of 0.509.Thus,averaging scores from multiple ChatGPT-4 rounds seems more effective than individual scores.The positive correlation may be due to ChatGPT being able to extract the author’s significance,rigour,and originality claims from inside each paper.If my weakest articles are removed,then the correlation with average scores(r=0.200)falls below statistical significance,suggesting that ChatGPT struggles to make fine-grained evaluations.Research limitations:The data is self-evaluations of a convenience sample of articles from one academic in one field.Practical implications:Overall,ChatGPT does not yet seem to be accurate enough to be trusted for any formal or informal research quality evaluation tasks.Research evaluators,including journal editors,should therefore take steps to control its use.Originality/value:This is the first published attempt at post-publication expert review accuracy testing for ChatGPT.

Research funding and citations in papers of Nobel Laureates in Physics, Chemistry and Medicine, 2019-2020

Purpose:The goal of this study is a comparative analysis of the relation between funding(a main driver for scientific research)and citations in papers of Nobel Laureates in physics,chemistry and medicine over 2019-2020 and the same relation in these research fields as a whole.Design/methodology/approach:This study utilizes a power law model to explore the relationship between research funding and citations of related papers.The study here analyzes 3,539 recorded documents by Nobel Laureates in physics,chemistry and medicine and a broader dataset of 183,016 documents related to the fields of physics,medicine,and chemistry recorded in the Web of Science database.Findings:Results reveal that in chemistry and medicine,funded researches published in papers of Nobel Laureates have higher citations than unfunded studies published in articles;vice versa high citations of Nobel Laureates in physics are for unfunded studies published in papers.Instead,when overall data of publications and citations in physics,chemistry and medicine are analyzed,all papers based on funded researches show higher citations than unfunded ones.Originality/value:Results clarify the driving role of research funding for science diffusion that are systematized in general properties:a)articles concerning funded researches receive more citations than(un)funded studies published in papers of physics,chemistry and medicine sciences,generating a high Matthew effect(a higher growth of citations with the increase in the number of papers);b)research funding increases the citations of articles in fields oriented to applied research(e.g.,chemistry and medicine)more than fields oriented towards basic research(e.g.,physics).Practical implications:The results here explain some characteristics of scientific development and diffusion,highlighting the critical role of research funding in fostering citations and the expansion of scientific knowledge.This finding can support decision-making of policymakers and R&D managers to improve the effectiveness in allocating financial resources in science policies to generate a higher positive scientific and societal impact.

Policy Gradient Adaptive Dynamic Programming for Model-Free Multi-Objective Optimal Control

Dear Editor,In this letter,the multi-objective optimal control problem of nonlinear discrete-time systems is investigated.A data-driven policy gradient algorithm is proposed in which the action-state value function is used to evaluate the policy.In the policy improvement process,the policy gradient based method is employed.

Global trends in diabetic eye disease research from 2012 to 2021

Diabetic eye disease refers to a group of eye complications that occur in diabetic patients and include diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema, diabetic cataracts, and diabetic glaucoma. However, the global epidemiology of these conditions has not been well characterized. In this study, we collected information on diabetic eye disease-related research grants from seven representative countries––the United States, China, Japan, the United Kingdom, Spain, Germany, and France––by searching for all global diabetic eye disease journal articles in the Web of Science and Pub Med databases, all global registered clinical trials in the Clinical Trials database, and new drugs approved by the United States, China, Japan, and EU agencies from 2012 to 2021. During this time period, diabetic retinopathy accounted for the vast majority(89.53%) of the 2288 government research grants that were funded to investigate diabetic eye disease, followed by diabetic macular edema(9.27%). The United States granted the most research funding for diabetic eye disease out of the seven countries assessed. The research objectives of grants focusing on diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema differed by country. Additionally, the United States was dominant in terms of research output, publishing 17.53% of global papers about diabetic eye disease and receiving 22.58% of total citations. The United States and the United Kingdom led international collaborations in research into diabetic eye disease. Of the 415 clinical trials that we identified, diabetic macular edema was the major disease that was targeted for drug development(58.19%). Approximately half of the trials(49.13%) pertained to angiogenesis. However, few drugs were approved for ophthalmic(40 out of 1830;2.19%) and diabetic eye disease(3 out of 1830;0.02%) applications. Our findings show that basic and translational research related to diabetic eye disease in the past decade has not been highly active, and has yielded few new treatment methods and newly approved drugs.

Inactivated H9N2 vaccines developed with early strains do not protect against recent H9N2 viruses:Call for a change in H9N2 control policy

H9N2 virus has been widely distributed in wild birds and poultry around the world since its first emergence in the United States of America in 1966(Gu et al.2017;Carnaccini and Perez 2020).The virus appeared in chickens in China in the early 1990s,and over the last two decades has gradually become the dominant epidemic subtype(Sun and Liu 2015;Bi et al.2020).Although H9N2 virus infection alone cannot cause severe disease or death in poultry,H9N2 virus-infected birds experience a degree of egg production drop and can be easily infected by other pathogens,thus causing economic losses for poultry industry.

New roles of research data infrastructure in research paradigm evolution

Research data infrastructures form the cornerstone in both cyber and physical spaces,driving the progression of the data-intensive scientific research paradigm.This opinion paper presents an overview of global research data infrastructure,drawing insights from national roadmaps and strategic documents related to research data infrastructure.It emphasizes the pivotal role of research data infrastructures by delineating four new missions aimed at positioning them at the core of the current scientific research and communication ecosystem.The four new missions of research data infrastructures are:(1)as a pioneer,to transcend the disciplinary border and address complex,cutting-edge scientific and social challenges with problem-and data-oriented insights;(2)as an architect,to establish a digital,intelligent,flexible research and knowledge services environment;(3)as a platform,to foster the high-end academic communication;(4)as a coordinator,to balance scientific openness with ethics needs.

Global Scientific Trends in Research Related to Diabetic Sarcopenia from 1993 to 2023: A Bibliometric Analysis

Objectives: In this study, bibliometric approach was used to explore the literature in the field of research related to Diabetic Myasthenia Gravis in order to identify the current research progress in Diabetic Myasthenia Gravis related research and to help the researchers to predict the future hotspots in the field of research and to provide reference for the research. Methods: Literature related to diabetic sarcopenia published from 1993 to 2023 since the inception of the repository was extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) and bibliometric analyses were performed. We have analysed the published literature of the last approximately almost 30 years, as well as publication and citation analyses from different countries, institutions, journals and authors. For keywords, we performed co-occurrence, clustering, timeline view and citation burst analysis. Results: On the basis of 1564 publications, we found a continuous increase in the number of publications and citations, especially in the last six years. The United States is the most representative country, and Seoul National University (SNU) is the most representative institution. The most popular journal in the field is Diabetes Care;Fukui, Michiaki is the most prolific author, leading many studies related to diabetic sarcopenia. The most frequently cited reference was a revised European consensus on the definition and diagnosis of sarcopenia;the most cited keywords were related to physiological factors of diabetes, sarcopenia and related conditions, such as “insulin resistance”, “skeletal muscle”, “body composition”, “risk” and “prevalence”. Conclusion: With more and more studies on the relationship between diabetic sarcopenia, this study presents the current status and trend of research related to diabetic sarcopenia over the past nearly 30 years through the visualization software CiteSpace. It can help researchers identify potential collaborators and partner institutions, hotspots and research frontiers in the field of diabetic sarcopenia. However, our work is only based on the English language literature in the WoSCC database, and for future studies, we recommend that researchers explore the literature from multiple databases to enhance the scope of their research.

Enhancing competency of clinical research nurses:A comprehensive training and evaluation framework

The Sun et al's training program for clinical research nurses(CRNs)in the World Journal of Clinical Cases is a comprehensive and scientific approach.It includes structured frameworks for CRN training,aiming to improve CRN competency.This program emphasizes practical abilities,updates training content,and improves evaluation methods.The cultivation of CRN talents focuses on enhancing the training system,establishing a multifaceted evaluation framework,and continuously refining the training programs.Regular feedback and evalua-tion are essential to improve CRNs'competency in practical settings.

Perception Enhanced Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient for Autonomous Driving in Complex Scenarios

Autonomous driving has witnessed rapid advancement;however,ensuring safe and efficient driving in intricate scenarios remains a critical challenge.In particular,traffic roundabouts bring a set of challenges to autonomous driving due to the unpredictable entry and exit of vehicles,susceptibility to traffic flow bottlenecks,and imperfect data in perceiving environmental information,rendering them a vital issue in the practical application of autonomous driving.To address the traffic challenges,this work focused on complex roundabouts with multi-lane and proposed a Perception EnhancedDeepDeterministic Policy Gradient(PE-DDPG)for AutonomousDriving in the Roundabouts.Specifically,themodel incorporates an enhanced variational autoencoder featuring an integrated spatial attention mechanism alongside the Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient framework,enhancing the vehicle’s capability to comprehend complex roundabout environments and make decisions.Furthermore,the PE-DDPG model combines a dynamic path optimization strategy for roundabout scenarios,effectively mitigating traffic bottlenecks and augmenting throughput efficiency.Extensive experiments were conducted with the collaborative simulation platform of CARLA and SUMO,and the experimental results show that the proposed PE-DDPG outperforms the baseline methods in terms of the convergence capacity of the training process,the smoothness of driving and the traffic efficiency with diverse traffic flow patterns and penetration rates of autonomous vehicles(AVs).Generally,the proposed PE-DDPGmodel could be employed for autonomous driving in complex scenarios with imperfect data.

Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging Contrast Agents for Clinical Research: Limitations and Alternatives

Introduction: Near-infrared fluorescence imaging is a technique that will establish itself in the short term at the international level because it is recognized for its potential to improve the performance of surgical interventions, its moderate investment and operating costs and its portability. Although the technology is now mature, there is currently the problem of the availability of contrast agents to be injected IV. The aim of this methodology article is to propose an alternative solution to the need for contrast agents for clinical research, particularly in oncology. Methodology: They consist of coupling a fluorescent marker in the form of an NHS derivative, such as IR DYE manufactured in compliance with GMP, with therapeutic monoclonal antibodies having marketing authorization for molecular imaging. For a given antibody, the marking procedure must be the subject of a validation file on the final preparation filtered on a sterilizing membrane at 0.22 μm. Once the procedure has been validated, it would be unnecessary to repeat the tests before each clinical research examination. A check of the marking by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and place it in a sample bank at +4˚C for 1 month of each injected formulation would be sufficient for additional tests if necessary. Conclusion: Molecular near-infrared fluorescence imaging is experiencing development, the process of which could be accelerated by greater availability of clinical contrast agents. Alternative solutions are therefore necessary to promote clinical research in this area. These methods must be shared to make it easier for researchers.

Research Progress of Measuring Tools for Patient Medication Compliance

This paper introduced the content, compilation process, reliability and validity, scoring method of the evaluation tool for patients’ medication compliance at home and abroad, and reviewed the research progress of the tool. The evaluation method, dimension, scoring method, evaluation content and application scope of the tool were compared, so as to provide reference for nurses to comprehensively and accurately evaluate patients’ medication status.

Research Progress of Detection Methods for Microplastics

Microplastics are plastic particles or fibers with a diameter of less than 5 mm,and they widely exist in the environment and pose potential risks to the ecosystem and human health.Microplastics detection can provide basic data for formulating effective environmental protection strategies.In this paper,the physical,chemical and biological detection methods of microplastics are reviewed,and the advantages and disadvantages of different methods are analyzed.The problems and challenges encountered in microplastics detection are analyzed,and the future research is discussed.

Research progress on venous thrombosis development in patients with malignant tumors

The coexistence of venous thromboembolism(VTE)within patients with cancer,known as cancer-associated thrombosis(CAT),stands as a prominent cause of mortality in this population.Over recent years,the incidence of VTE has demonstrated a steady increase across diverse tumor types,influenced by several factors such as patient management,tumor-specific risks,and treatment-related aspects.Furthermore,mutations in specific genes have been identified as potential contributors to increased CAT occurrence in particular cancer subtypes.We conducted an extensive review encompassing pivotal historical and ongoing studies on CAT.This review elucidates the risks,mechanisms,reliable markers,and risk assessment methodologies that can significantly guide effective interventions in clinical practice.

Policy Capital Research on Cultivating High-Quality Farmers in the Context of Rural Revitalization

The Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Promotion of Rural Revitalization has come into effect on June 1,2021,which stipulates in Article 24 that the State shall improve the institutional mechanism for working with rural talents and promote the cultivation of high-quality farmers.In 2022 and 2023,the No.1 document of the Central Government both proposed“implementing a plan to cultivate high-quality farmers”,and in the report of the 20th Party Congress,General Secretary Xi once again emphasized“solidly promoting the revitalization of rural talents”.High-quality farmers have become the core talent component of the rural talent team.In this context,there is an urgent need for in-depth research on the cultivation of high-quality farmers in China.This paper takes the cooperative leaders in Shanghai as an example,summarizes the current situation of high-quality farmer cultivation in Shanghai through quantitative and qualitative analysis,and proposes policy capital,explores the remaining problems of high-quality farmer cultivation from the micro,meso and macro aspects of policy capital,and puts forward some targeted development opinions,hoping to help the cultivation of high-quality farmers.

Cultivation Path of Nursing Undergraduates’Scientific Research and Innovation Ability

Objective: The cultivation of the innovation ability and scientific research is one of the nursing learning objectives for undergraduate students. To explore the method and effect of training system of scientific research innovation ability of nursing undergraduates based on “3332”. Methods: Three course learning modules are constructed: stage-based course learning module, systematic project practice training module and comprehensive practice training module. A practical training platform for scientific research innovation projects is built, and undergraduate scientific research innovation ability training is carried out from both in-class and out-of-class lines. Results: Since 2017, the students have obtained 7 national innovation and entrepreneurship training programs, 52 university-level undergraduate scientific research projects, published more than 10 academic papers, and obtained 2 patent authorization. Conclusions: The training system of scientific research innovation ability of nursing undergraduates based on “3332” is conducive to the development of scientific research innovation ability of nursing students, and to cultivate nursing talents who can adapt to the development of the new era and have better post competence.

Research progress in mitochondrial autophagy mediated by BNIP3

Mitochondrial autophagy is widely found in mammals,and plays an important role in maintaining mitochondrial balance and mitochondrial quality control in cells.In this review,we reviewed the research progress of BNIP3-mediated mitochondrial autophagy and diseases in recent 5 years,providing new ideas for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

China’s Proactive Fiscal Policy

In contrast to the traditional Western approach to macro-fiscal management,China’s proactive fiscal policy is founded on a people-centered development philosophy and,with distinctive Chinese characteristics,is a significant policy innovation of macroeconomic management in the Chinese modernization.Although there are notable distinctions between the Western“Keynesian”and the“nonKeynesian”schools of thought,both of these approaches’core policy goals and methodological roots are the same,composing the traditional Western macro-fiscal approach.This approach faces increasing real dilemmas.China’s proactive fiscal policy,however,places greater emphasis on future potential growth rates in addition to equilibrium between supply and demand,achieving a fiscal policy transformation with a new approach.In this paper we argue that with such a new approach,China should reconsider the nature and reasonable level of the fiscal deficit,the function and risk assessment criteria of government debt,the scope and effects of reductions in taxes and fees,its approach and focus of demand management,and the costs and resulting efficiencies of policies in order to develop a new fiscal policy paradigm that is more in line with its stated goals.

Research on the Well-off Family Education Investment under the Policy of Double Reduction

Chinese education is like a large competitive game in the past time,with a lot of over-step learning and pre-emptive education increasing the extra—curricular pressure on primary and secondary school students day by day.In 2021,the national"double reduction"policy was implemented,and in 2022,the"Family Education Promotion Law of the People's Republic of China"was introduced.With the combined effect of"one government,one law",the status and role of family education have become more prominent,so it is of great practical significance to understand the education investment behavior of Chinese families.Therefore,this study is a case study of three students and their families from different schools in Weifang,Shandong Province in China.Through semi-structured interviews,this paper discusses the educational investment of well-off families after the implementation of the double reduction policy.The results show that art-related learning content dominates the education expenditure of well-off families after the implementation of the double-reducing policy,while cultural tutoring decreases.Becasue of(a)parents mainly want to cultivate their children's interests and hobbies or provide guidance for weak subjects;(b)the lack of understanding of the double reduction policy,leading to parents and students blindly follow the trend,increasing the pressure of students and parents'anxiety.This study focuses on the feelings of students and parents after the implementation of the double reduction policy,and attaches importance to the problems arising after the implementation of the policy.The findings are helpful to provide reference for future research on the educational investment of wealthy families after the implementation of the double reduction policy.