Local digital lending development and the incidence of deprivation in Kenya

In the developing world,vulnerable communities often lack access to regular income sources to cope with unforeseen events.Recent advancements in financial technology have enabled microcredit to be delivered via digital platforms.Although digital credit may quicken remote access to consumer credit without the need for collateral,little is known about its contribution to the welfare of underserved communities.This study examines the effects of local digital lending development on deprivation and explores the implications of these effects on rural inhabitants.The results show a negative association between local digital lending development and food deprivation on one hand and health deprivation on the other.The evidence suggests that local digital lending development can reduce the probability of food and health deprivation.Furthermore,the evidence reveals that inhabitants of rural communities benefit more from digital lending development.This study recommends the decentralization of financial inclusion policies as a pathway to promote digital lending at the local level.

A hybrid decision support system with golden cut and bipolar q‑ROFSs for evaluating the risk‑based strategic priorities of fintech lending for clean energy projects

In the last decade,the risk evaluation and the investment decision are among the most prominent issues of efficient project management.Especially,the innovative financial sources could have some specific risk appetite due to the increasing return of invest-ment.Hence,it is important to uncover the risk factors of fintech investments and investigate the possible impacts with an integrated approach to the strategic priorities of fintech lending.Accordingly,this study aims to analyze a unique risk set and the stra-tegic priorities of fintech lending for clean energy projects.The most important contri-butions to the literature can be listed as to construct an impact-direction map of risk-based strategic priorities for fintech lending in clean energy projects and to measure the possible influences by using a hybrid decision making system with golden cut and bipolar q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets.The extension of multi stepwise weight assessment ratio analysis(M-SWARA)is applied for weighting the risk factors of fintech lending.The extension of elimination and choice translating reality(ELECTRE)is employed for con-structing and ranking the risk-based strategic priorities for clean energy projects.In this process,data is obtained with the evaluation of three different decision makers.The main superiority of the proposed model by comparing with the previous models in the literature is that significant improvements are made to the classical SWARA method so that a new technique is created with the name of M-SWARA.Hence,the causality analysis between the criteria can also be performed in this proposed model.The find-ings demonstrate that security is the most critical risk factor for fintech lending system.Moreover,volume is found as the most critical risk-based strategy for fintech lending.In this context,fintech companies need to take some precautions to effectively manage the security risk.For this purpose,the main risks to information technologies need to be clearly identified.Next,control steps should be put for these risks to be managed properly.Furthermore,it has been determined that the most appropriate strategy to increase the success of the fintech lending system is to increase the number of financi-ers integrated into the system.Within this framework,the platform should be secure and profitable to persuade financiers.

关于我国P2P的风险控制探讨——基于“lending club”和“人人贷”的对比分析

P2P,英文叫做Peer-to-Peer lending,即点对点网贷或个人对个人网贷。近年来,P2P行业在我国呈爆发式增长,但跑路、自融、诈骗等问题平台迭出,如何完善平台风险控制,是摆在监管层、行业和平台自身的切实问题。本文通过分析P2P发展模式,结合我国P2P发展现状及面临的风险现状,将国外最大的P2P公司"Lending Club"和国内较知名的P2P公司"人人贷"进行风险控制模式对比,从P2P平台、行业、监管等方面提出风险管理对策,以促进P2P网贷更有序、更阳光的发展。

大数据赋能下网络借贷的价值共创模式研究——来自Lending Club的证据

在数字经济背景下,以网络借贷平台为对象研究网络多边平台的价值共创模式并对全球最大网贷平台Lending Club的百万条借贷数据进行机器学习,实证研究表明网络借贷平台上借款人、平台和投资者通过互动和资源整合实现了价值共创:借款人贡献了价值共创所需的大数据资源,平台提供大数据能力进行风险定价从而降低了信息不对称,投资者则利用自身经验知识参与价值共创。

P2P网贷平台盈利模式研究——以宜人贷和LendingClub为例

近年来,国内P2P网贷行业经历过爆发式增长之后,发展逐渐回归理性。随着监管制度逐渐完善,国内P2P网贷平台更加难实现盈利,盈利问题受到了整个社会的广泛关注。本文对发展较为成熟的两大P2P网贷平台宜人贷和Lending Club的盈利模式进行了深入研究,并对国内P2P网贷平台盈利模式的改善提出了相应的对策建议。

论P2P行业发展的机制风险及政策建议——兼谈Lending Club违规案例的启示

通过介绍Lending Club的业务模式和违规案例情况,分析P2P行业发展的固有业务局限和机制风险,针对国内P2P行业的监管现状及问题,对互联网金融行业监管提出细化专项整治、探索穿透式监管及强化信息披露和完善征信体系建设等方面的政策建议。

对中国P2P网贷平台的思考——基于Lending Club欺诈事件

Lending Club欺诈事件给美国甚至全球P2P行业的发展蒙上了一层阴影。放眼国内,近几年P2P发展迅速,但风险事件频发,现恰逢我国P2P网贷行业专项整治的特殊时期,从Lending Club事件中得到启示具有重要的现实意义。

我国P2P行业的风险防范与应对——基于Lending Club违规事件的探讨

近两年来,我国P2P理财行业经历着井喷式的发展,新平台一家接一家诞生,行业交易额屡创新高,受到多家风险机构以及知名互联网企业的高度关注,但与此同时行业问题也逐步显现,尤其是2015年以来跑路事件等各类问题的集中爆发,

A Consortium Blockchain Paradigm on Hyperledger-Based Peer-to-Peer Lending System

This paper focuses on how to use consortium blockchain to improve the regulation of peer-to-peer(P2 P) lending market. The partial decentralized consortium blockchain with limited pre-set nodes can well improve transparency and security, which is suitable for financial regulation. Considering irregularities of the P2P lending market, the Hyperledger-based Peer-to-Peer Lending System(HyperP2PLS) is proposed. First elaborate the application scenario and business logic of the system, where a national P2P Lending Trading Center will be established to integrate all transactions and information of P2P lending market. Then construct the system architecture consisting of the blockchain network, HTTP server, and applications. The algorithm of implementation process and the web application for users have been well illustrated. The performance analysis shows that HyperP2PLS can guarantee the reliability, safety, transparency and efficiency.

How signaling and search costs affect information asymmetry in P2P lending:the economics of big data

In the past decade,online Peer-to-Peer(P2P)lending platforms have transformed the lending industry,which has been historically dominated by commercial banks.Information technology breakthroughs such as big data-based financial technologies(Fintech)have been identified as important disruptive driving forces for this paradigm shift.In this paper,we take an information economics perspective to investigate how big data affects the transformation of the lending industry.By identifying how signaling and search costs are reduced by big data analytics for credit risk management of P2P lending,we discuss how information asymmetry is reduced in the big data era.Rooted in the lending business,we propose a theory on the economics of big data and outline a number of research opportunities and challenging issues.

Consumer lending efficiency:commercial banks versus a fintech lender

Fintechs are believed to help expand credit access to underserved consumers without taking on additional risk.We compare the performance efficiency of LendingClub’s unsecured personal loans with similar loans originated by banks.Using stochastic frontier estimation,we decompose the observed nonperforming loan(NPL)ratio into three components:the best-practice minimum NPL ratio,the excess NPL ratio,and a statistical noise,the former two of which reflect the lender’s inherent credit risk and lending inefficiency,respectively.As of 2013 and 2016,we find that the higher NPL ratios at the largest banks are driven by inherent credit risk,rather than lending inefficiency.Smaller banks are less efficient.In addition,as of 2013,LendingClub’s observed NPL ratio and lending efficiency were in line with banks with similar lending volume.However,its lending efficiency improved significantly from 2013 to 2016.As of 2016,LendingClub’s performance resembled the largest banks–consistent with an argument that its increased use of alternative data and AI/ML may have improved its credit risk assessment capacity above and beyond its peers using traditional approaches.Furthermore,we also investigate capital market incentives for lenders to take credit risk.Market value regression using the NPL ratio suggests that market discipline provides incentives to make less risky consumer loans.However,the regression using two decomposed components(inherent credit risk and lending inefficiency)tells a deeper underlying story:market value is significantly positively related to inherent credit risk at most banks,whereas it is significantly negatively related to lending inefficiency at most banks.Market discipline appears to reward exposure to inherent credit risk and punish inefficient lending.

Team rivalry and lending on crowdfunding platforms:an empirical analysis

Background:Prosocial crowdfunding helps the underprivileged obtain non-profitseeking loans from multitudinous lenders.Some platforms introduce teamcompetition to motivate member participation and may thus induce team rivalry.Methods:We investigate how team rivalry affects lending decisions using data fromKiva.org.We argue that a rivalry relationship may engage teams to compete directlyagainst rivals by lending to the same project or prevent them from doing sobecause they intend not to cooperate.Result:We find that a team is less likely to lend to a project that has receivedfunding from its rival team,suggesting that rival teams tend to avoid cooperation.Conclusions:We discuss the implications of our findings for crowdfundingand competition-based motivation mechanisms in general.

The Role Played by Agricultural Policy-based Finance in New Village Construction

The necessity of the agricultural policy-based finance in terms of supporting the new village construction is analyzed: in the first place, the theoretical roots of agricultural policy-based finance supporting new village construction are "market failure" and "government intervention"; in the second place, the continual decline of agriculture and the "rural financial market failure" in recent years have become the objective evidence and historical mission for agricultural policy-based finance to support new village construction; in the third place, the combination of agricultural policy-based finance and new village construction is conducive to solving the "three agriculture" problems and facilitating the reform of new village construction. The feasibility of the support is analyzed: firstly, agricultural policy-based finance boasts the status and position of the "primary drive" in new village construction; secondly, the nation continuously deepens the reform of rural financial system and policy-based banks and strengthens the functions of Agricultural Development Bank, which provides policies for agricultural policy-based finance to support new village construction; thirdly, the 14 years' reform and development of Agricultural Development Bank and the eleventh five year plan lay sound practical basis for the support of agricultural policy-based finance to new village construction. Based on the necessity and feasibility, the following six aspects are analyzed to fully display the function of the "first engine" of agricultural policy-related finance to new village construction. Firstly, strengthening the credit and loan aid to grain and cotton and some other agricultural products in the circulation domain; secondly, strengthening the credit and loan aid to agricultural industrialization in processing field; thirdly, intensifying the credit and loan aid to agricultural comprehensive development, rural infrastructure construction, application and promotion of agricultural technology, agricultural production means and agricultural ecological construction; fourthly, intensifying the credit and loan aid to rural special group and regional development; fifthly, intensifying the credit and loan aid to agriculture and rural emergency response system and social security system; sixthly, strengthening the credit and loan aid to agriculture and the intermediary construction of rural financial services.

Borrower’s default and self-disclosure of social media information in P2P lending

Background:We examine the signaling effect of borrowers’social media behavior,especially self-disclosure behavior,on the default probability of money borrowers on a peer-to-peer(P2P)lending site.Method:We use a unique dataset that combines loan data from a large P2P lending site with the borrower’s social media presence data from a popular social media site.Results:Through a natural experiment enabled by an instrument variable,we identify two forms of social media information that act as signals of borrowers’creditworthiness:(1)borrowers’choice to self-disclose their social media account to the P2P lending site,and(2)borrowers’social media behavior,such as their social network scope and social media engagement.Conclusion:This study offers new insights for screening borrowers in P2P lending and a novel usage of social media information.

Machine learning approach to drivers of bank lending:evidence from an emerging economy

The study analyzes the performance of bank-specific characteristics,macroeconomic indicators,and global factors to predict the bank lending in Turkey for the period 2002Q4–2019Q2.The objective of this study is first,to clarify the possible nonlinear and nonparametric relationships between outstanding bank loans and bank-specific,macroeconomic,and global factors.Second,it aims to propose various machine learning algorithms that determine drivers of bank lending and benefits from the advantages of these techniques.The empirical findings indicate favorable evidence that the drivers of bank lending exhibit some nonlinearities.Additionally,partial dependence plots depict that numerous bank-specific characteristics and macroeconomic indicators tend to be important variables that influence bank lending behavior.The study’s findings have some policy implications for bank managers,regulatory authorities,and policymakers.

How does an individual’s default behavior on an online peer-to-peer lending platform influence an observer’s default intention?

Previous studies indicate that individuals’default behaviors on online peer-to-peer(P2P)lending platforms greatly influence other borrowers’default intentions.However,the mechanism of this impact is not clear.Moreover,there is scarce research in regard to which factors influence the relationship between an individual’s default behavior and an observer’s default intention.These important questions are yet to be resolved;hence,we conducted two experiments using the scenario-based research method,focusing on Chinese online P2P lending platforms.Our results indicate that an individual’s default behavior can trigger an observer’s default intention as a result of the imperfect punitive measures as they currently exist on Chinese online P2P lending platforms.Both the observer’s moral disengagement level and pragmatic self-activation level serve as mediating variables.In situations where an observer knows an individual’s default behavior,the level of intimacy between the defaulter and observer positively affects the relationship between their default behavior and intention.The intimacy level also positively influences the relationship between the individual’s default behavior and the two mediator variables.Based on the findings,we provide management suggestions in the context of online P2P lending.Our study sets a foundation for future research to utilize other methods to extend the present research findings to other regions and domains.

P2P网络借贷运营模式研究——以陆金所和Lending Club为例

P2P是互联网金融中最热门的代表形式之一,较之于传统金融机构的高利率、高门槛,日益成为民间借贷的有效补充。从2013年开始,P2P网贷平台在中国进入了一个爆发增长的时期,但随后就是不断出现的系列风险事件。P2P网贷平台的运营模式引起了人们的广泛关注。本文以中美最具影响力的P2P网贷平台陆金所和Lendingclub为例,分析其运营模式及发展背景差异,并提出优化国内P2P网贷运营模式的对策建议。

An Analysis of Evolution of Lending Patterns of IFAD China's Rural Financial Project

This paper tells us briefly the background and aims of the fundation of IFAD.It points out that IFAD plays an important part in helping the development of agriculture and food production in developing countries,and in reducing the poverty conditions in the poorest countries.It tells us that IFAD has offered donation to China for 8 times,with a total amount reaching to 56.839 million dollars.With the development of the economy of China,IFAD has changed its lending financial policies to China from a highly beneficial policy to a moderate lending policy.The operation of the loan projects have greatly improved the living conditions and of the local and the conditions of agricultural production,promoting the improvement of economy,social stability,and enviroment.It discusses several lending patterns of IFAD China's rural financial projects.The government-leading model,which is represented by the IFAD financial lending loan.Market-oriented model of formal financial institutions,which is represented by IFAD Rural Credit Cooperatives,with market oriented.Government supporting as secondary model,which are dominated by IFAD Women's lending patterns and Village Development Fund lending model.In this paper,advantages and disadvantages of lending patterns are analyzed and evaluated.It discusses the development trend of IFAD financial lending patterns in terms of Rural Credit Cooperatives and a pattern which is community-oriented and farmers-benefited.

Soft Information,Core Competitive Edge and Private Relationship Lending——A Case of Village Banks

In view of the development problems of village banks,through introducing the concept of private relationship lending,the functions of soft information,the channels of village banks for collecting soft information,and the private relationship lending of village banks under Chinese rural human environment of highlighting relationship while despising rationality are proved.According to the recognition standard of core competitive edge,it can be concluded that the core competitive edge of village banks is private relationship lending.In the first place,these kinds of small and medium-sized quarter banks have competitive advantages in launching private relationship lending;in the second place,the lending businesses of village banks based on soft information attracts small and medium clients;in the third place,the private relationship lending has realized the scale economy.Furthermore,the reasons why village banks can not display the core competitive edge have been analyzed:firstly,village banks have not found that private relationship lending is their core competitive edge;secondly,the internal motivation on establishing private relationship lending of village banks is insufficient;thirdly,village banks have not prepared well in developing private relationship lending;The relevant policies and countermeasures are put forward,including transforming idea and vigorously developing private relationship lending;intensifying training and improving the quality of personnel involved;strengthening supervision and avoiding the violation behaviors of personnel involved;emulating experiences and perfecting the private relationship lending mechanism of village banks.

Research on the Operation Mode and Theoretical Support of Relationship Lending

Traditional Folk relations of debit and credit have existed for thousands of years in Chinese society. In the rapidly develop of the context of mobile internet and social network, the borrowing that relies on the relationship among people is not just a financial domain scope discussion topic. In the rapidly developing Chinese mobile Internet, a new anonymous mechanism which is based on interpersonal credit extension and evaluation ultimately form borrowing is continuously formed.?In this paper, the author researches and analyzes on what is relationship lending mechanism, the basic operation modes of relationship lending mechanism, a part of theoretical supporting and values.