Under the influence of economic globalization, international business negotiation is becoming more and more frequent. Politeness principle is an important pragmatic strategy in international business negotiation, repr...Under the influence of economic globalization, international business negotiation is becoming more and more frequent. Politeness principle is an important pragmatic strategy in international business negotiation, representing good cultural quality and professional ethics image. In the course of business negotiation, how to properly use politeness language and pay attention to politeness strategy will affect the result of negotiation.展开更多
The theory of politeness and face-saving proposed by Brown and Levinson （1978, 1987） has been up to now the most influential politeness model. Brown and Levinson＇s politeness theory contains three basic notions： f...The theory of politeness and face-saving proposed by Brown and Levinson （1978, 1987） has been up to now the most influential politeness model. Brown and Levinson＇s politeness theory contains three basic notions： face, FTAs （face threatening acts）, and politeness strategies. According to the authors, ＂face＂ refers to the public self-image of a person. Negative face shows the need to be independent, to have freedom of action, and not to be imposed on by others. Positive face shows the need to be accepted, even liked, by others, to be treated as a member of the same group, and to know that his or her wants are shared by others. It plays a leading role in the study of speech acts Brown and Levinson introduced five super strategies for politeness in relation to FTAs： bald on-record, positive politeness, negative politeness, off-record, and don＇t do the FTAs. The theoretical framework of this paper is based on Brown and Levinson＇s politeness theory and strategies展开更多
Based on the research of teachers' feedback and politeness strategies, this study adopts the natural research method-classroom observation, and analyzes ten typical politeness strategies teachers widely use in giv...Based on the research of teachers' feedback and politeness strategies, this study adopts the natural research method-classroom observation, and analyzes ten typical politeness strategies teachers widely use in giving feedback to demonstrate how teachers improve the efficiency of classroom interaction by these strategies based on the collected data, aiming at giving inspiration to the use of teachers' politeness strategies to further improve English teaching and to develop students' competence in using English.展开更多
Language as a means of communication is represented in two basic forms, written and spoken. Spoken is the first form mastered by language speaker, particularly children. Speech community consists of adult and children...Language as a means of communication is represented in two basic forms, written and spoken. Spoken is the first form mastered by language speaker, particularly children. Speech community consists of adult and children. In producing their utterance, children are supposed to be affected by their parents. As a result of different educational background of their parents, children may produce different utterances including refusal. Children from different parents＇ educational background vary their refusal. The tendency that the higher parents＇ educational background will result the more polite refusal produced by children is not proved.展开更多
This paper attempts to make a contrastive cross-cultural study of a special speech act-- ＂disagreement.＂ Participants are 35 American undergraduates and 42 Chinese undergraduates respectively with the data eliciting...This paper attempts to make a contrastive cross-cultural study of a special speech act-- ＂disagreement.＂ Participants are 35 American undergraduates and 42 Chinese undergraduates respectively with the data eliciting technique--DCT （discourse completion test）. Findings show that Chinese undergraduates tend to use different politeness strategies according to different social distance and social power while American undergraduates prefer to use positive politeness strategy most followed by negative politeness strategy, regardless of social distance and social power. The results of the study reveal cultural differences between the U.S. and China that lead to the distribution of diverse politeness strategies and also offer insights into what Chinese EFL learners are struggling with during their development of interlanguage pragmatic competence.展开更多
Colleges and universities respond to major events and also carry out ideological and political education in pursuit of the common internal goal:to center on the work of fostering virtue in education and buttress the f...Colleges and universities respond to major events and also carry out ideological and political education in pursuit of the common internal goal:to center on the work of fostering virtue in education and buttress the free and all-round development of college students.Major events signify good opportunities and vivid materials for carrying out ideological and political education that is,in turn,the theoretical guidance and ideological guarantee to deal with major events.On the one hand,ideological and political educators in colleges and universities need to follow the law of the process of ideological and political education and formulate coping strategies for major events.On the other hand,they are expected to follow the law of college students’growth,optimize the strategies of ideological and political education,place importance on strengthening the synergy between the two,making joint efforts,and achieving the work objectives and education objectives in the special period.展开更多
This paper aims to make a comparative study of cross-cultural communication upon a special speech act-"disagreement".38 undergraduates from China and 30 undergraduates from ASEAN countries were involved.They...This paper aims to make a comparative study of cross-cultural communication upon a special speech act-"disagreement".38 undergraduates from China and 30 undergraduates from ASEAN countries were involved.They responded to the DCT(discourse completion test).Five contexts were selected and detailed descriptions of the scenarios were given.Social distance and gender were selected as the main variants in this study.From the results,we found that both groups of undergraduates generally ten d to use the same politeness strategies according to the same social distance,but gender was a more significant factor in politeness strategies adoption among EFL learners from ASEAN countries.Females tend to use negative strategies more than males do.We can conclude from the results that EFL learners from China and ASEAN countries incline to adopt the same politeness strategies in English context,but females from ASEAN countries are less likely to say“no”directly to express their disagreement compared to their counterpart.Those findings may offer reference to both sides during the pragmatic occasions of communicating.展开更多
Requests are face-threatening in nature and closely related to politeness strategies.The present paper makes an attempt to investigate the realization of requests by the Chinese learners of English to see whether they...Requests are face-threatening in nature and closely related to politeness strategies.The present paper makes an attempt to investigate the realization of requests by the Chinese learners of English to see whether they commit some pragmatic failures in common with other subjects invested,and whether the Chinese learners demonstrate some unique characteristics in realizing requests.展开更多
From a theoretical point of view, Thucydides' s Trap is the idea of realism, especially the idea of offensive realism, that changes in the international power structure will inevitably escalate to international co...From a theoretical point of view, Thucydides' s Trap is the idea of realism, especially the idea of offensive realism, that changes in the international power structure will inevitably escalate to international conflict and war. As we analyze the historical origin of Thucydides' s Trap from the perspective of political strategy, we can see that Thucydides' s Trap was put forward by Graham T. Allison and other western scholars,and that their understanding and analogy between Athens and Sparta,between China and the United States mainly involves three aspects:strength determinism, war benefit theory and bilateral relations theory.These three misunderstandings involve objective factors, subjective factors, and the scope of Thucydides' s Trap. China should avoid falling into the theoretical trap of strength determinism, with great initiative to promote the sustainable development and the rise of China by adhering to the strategy of Chinese Economic Reform and Opening up, and to construct the community of common destiny, while controlling and managing a third-party factor emerging in the Sino-US bilateral relations.展开更多
Showing agreement and disagreement to others' opinions is an important speech act. Brown and Levinson (1978) think that expressing disagreement is a face threatening act (FTA) that threats the hearers' positiv...Showing agreement and disagreement to others' opinions is an important speech act. Brown and Levinson (1978) think that expressing disagreement is a face threatening act (FTA) that threats the hearers' positive face. This study investigated how Chinese EFL learners (sophomore and senior English majors) employed politeness strategies in responding to others' opinions.展开更多
文摘Under the influence of economic globalization, international business negotiation is becoming more and more frequent. Politeness principle is an important pragmatic strategy in international business negotiation, representing good cultural quality and professional ethics image. In the course of business negotiation, how to properly use politeness language and pay attention to politeness strategy will affect the result of negotiation.
文摘The theory of politeness and face-saving proposed by Brown and Levinson （1978, 1987） has been up to now the most influential politeness model. Brown and Levinson＇s politeness theory contains three basic notions： face, FTAs （face threatening acts）, and politeness strategies. According to the authors, ＂face＂ refers to the public self-image of a person. Negative face shows the need to be independent, to have freedom of action, and not to be imposed on by others. Positive face shows the need to be accepted, even liked, by others, to be treated as a member of the same group, and to know that his or her wants are shared by others. It plays a leading role in the study of speech acts Brown and Levinson introduced five super strategies for politeness in relation to FTAs： bald on-record, positive politeness, negative politeness, off-record, and don＇t do the FTAs. The theoretical framework of this paper is based on Brown and Levinson＇s politeness theory and strategies
文摘Based on the research of teachers' feedback and politeness strategies, this study adopts the natural research method-classroom observation, and analyzes ten typical politeness strategies teachers widely use in giving feedback to demonstrate how teachers improve the efficiency of classroom interaction by these strategies based on the collected data, aiming at giving inspiration to the use of teachers' politeness strategies to further improve English teaching and to develop students' competence in using English.
文摘Language as a means of communication is represented in two basic forms, written and spoken. Spoken is the first form mastered by language speaker, particularly children. Speech community consists of adult and children. In producing their utterance, children are supposed to be affected by their parents. As a result of different educational background of their parents, children may produce different utterances including refusal. Children from different parents＇ educational background vary their refusal. The tendency that the higher parents＇ educational background will result the more polite refusal produced by children is not proved.
基金supported by a scholarship from China Scholarship CouncilZhejiang Provincial Department of Education~~
文摘This paper attempts to make a contrastive cross-cultural study of a special speech act-- ＂disagreement.＂ Participants are 35 American undergraduates and 42 Chinese undergraduates respectively with the data eliciting technique--DCT （discourse completion test）. Findings show that Chinese undergraduates tend to use different politeness strategies according to different social distance and social power while American undergraduates prefer to use positive politeness strategy most followed by negative politeness strategy, regardless of social distance and social power. The results of the study reveal cultural differences between the U.S. and China that lead to the distribution of diverse politeness strategies and also offer insights into what Chinese EFL learners are struggling with during their development of interlanguage pragmatic competence.
文摘Colleges and universities respond to major events and also carry out ideological and political education in pursuit of the common internal goal:to center on the work of fostering virtue in education and buttress the free and all-round development of college students.Major events signify good opportunities and vivid materials for carrying out ideological and political education that is,in turn,the theoretical guidance and ideological guarantee to deal with major events.On the one hand,ideological and political educators in colleges and universities need to follow the law of the process of ideological and political education and formulate coping strategies for major events.On the other hand,they are expected to follow the law of college students’growth,optimize the strategies of ideological and political education,place importance on strengthening the synergy between the two,making joint efforts,and achieving the work objectives and education objectives in the special period.
基金a grant from Nanning University Scientific Research Foundation:The Intercultural Communicative Competence of the New Guangxi-settled Businessmen under the“One Belt,One Road”Initiative(2019XJ38).
文摘This paper aims to make a comparative study of cross-cultural communication upon a special speech act-"disagreement".38 undergraduates from China and 30 undergraduates from ASEAN countries were involved.They responded to the DCT(discourse completion test).Five contexts were selected and detailed descriptions of the scenarios were given.Social distance and gender were selected as the main variants in this study.From the results,we found that both groups of undergraduates generally ten d to use the same politeness strategies according to the same social distance,but gender was a more significant factor in politeness strategies adoption among EFL learners from ASEAN countries.Females tend to use negative strategies more than males do.We can conclude from the results that EFL learners from China and ASEAN countries incline to adopt the same politeness strategies in English context,but females from ASEAN countries are less likely to say“no”directly to express their disagreement compared to their counterpart.Those findings may offer reference to both sides during the pragmatic occasions of communicating.
文摘Requests are face-threatening in nature and closely related to politeness strategies.The present paper makes an attempt to investigate the realization of requests by the Chinese learners of English to see whether they commit some pragmatic failures in common with other subjects invested,and whether the Chinese learners demonstrate some unique characteristics in realizing requests.
文摘From a theoretical point of view, Thucydides' s Trap is the idea of realism, especially the idea of offensive realism, that changes in the international power structure will inevitably escalate to international conflict and war. As we analyze the historical origin of Thucydides' s Trap from the perspective of political strategy, we can see that Thucydides' s Trap was put forward by Graham T. Allison and other western scholars,and that their understanding and analogy between Athens and Sparta,between China and the United States mainly involves three aspects:strength determinism, war benefit theory and bilateral relations theory.These three misunderstandings involve objective factors, subjective factors, and the scope of Thucydides' s Trap. China should avoid falling into the theoretical trap of strength determinism, with great initiative to promote the sustainable development and the rise of China by adhering to the strategy of Chinese Economic Reform and Opening up, and to construct the community of common destiny, while controlling and managing a third-party factor emerging in the Sino-US bilateral relations.
文摘Showing agreement and disagreement to others' opinions is an important speech act. Brown and Levinson (1978) think that expressing disagreement is a face threatening act (FTA) that threats the hearers' positive face. This study investigated how Chinese EFL learners (sophomore and senior English majors) employed politeness strategies in responding to others' opinions.
