Study on Control Scheme for Nonpoint Source Pollution in Dahe Reservoir Water Source Protection Area of Dianchi Lake Basin

[ Objective] The research aimed to study control scheme for nonpoint source pollution in Dahe Reservoir water source protection area of Dianchi Lake basin.[ Method] On the basis of the SPOT5 satellite remote sensing imagery in 2010 and field investigation of GPS record, ecological design for nonpoint source pollution control in Dahe Reservoir water source protection area of Dianchi Lake basin was conducted. Then, the effects of optimization measures were evaluated by the reductions of N and P outputs on different land-use types. E Resultl Control functions of the water source protection area on soil erosion and the emissions of N, P and other pollutants would be promoted after optimization. The optimization meas- ures had a significant effect for prevention and control of the non-point source pollution in the water source protection area. [ Conclusion] The re- search provided scientific basis for promoting ecological construction of the small green basin in Dahe Reservoir water source protection area of Di- anchi Lake basin.

Mechanism of nitrogen loss driven by soil and water erosion in water source areas

Nitrogen(N)present in drinking water as dissolved nitrates can directly affect people’s health,making it important to control N pollution in water source areas.N pollution caused by agricultural fertilizers can be controlled by reducing the amount of fertilizer applied,but pollution caused by soil and water erosion in hilly areas can only be controlled by conservation forests.The catchment area around Fushi Reservoir was selected as a test site and mechanisms of N loss from a vertical spatial perspective through field observations were determined.The main N losses occurred from June to September,accounting for 85.9-95.9%of the annual loss,with the losses in June and July accounting for 46.0%of the total,and in August and September for 41.9%.The N leakage from the water source area was effectively reduced by 38.2%through the optimization of the stand structure of the conservation forests.Establishing well-structured forests for water conservation is crucial to ensure the security of drinking water.This preliminary research lays the foundation for revealing then loss mechanisms in water source areas and improving the control of non-point source pollution in these areas.

Water Pollution Situation and Impacts in Rural China

With the development of national economics, water pollution is becoming a critical problem in rural China. This research presented a brief view of water pollution situation in rural areas of China in terms of water shortage, water-pollutant sources, eutrophication of water bodies and pollution development in temporal scale. Analysis was conducted on the negative effects of water pollution on human health, agricultural plantation and animal husbandry. Subsequently, some suggestions were proposed for wastewater treatment in rural areas.

Application of a Stereo Constructed Wetland Mode to the Treatment of Slightly Polluted Source Water

[Objective] The study aimed to discuss the application of a stereo constructed wetland to the treatment of slightly polluted source water. [Method] In this study, a new stereo constructed wetland mode was put forward, and a pilot project of water ecological purification in Xinsheng River, the diversion channel of Shijiuyang Waterwork in Jiaxing City, were analyzed. Afterwards, the impact factors of water purification by the technology were discussed from water quality and quantity, season and climate, species configuration, management and maintenance. [Result] Under three different hydraulic loading conditions, the pilot project effectively improved water SD and DO level, and reduced SS, CODCr, NH3-N, TN and TP significantly in summer and autumn, so that effluent water quality reached surface water standard at Grade III. [Conclusion] The stereo constructed wetland mode composed of constructed wetland and underwater forest used to treat slightly polluted source water is feasible and has a good promotion prospect.

An novel identification method of the environmental risk sources for surfacewater pollution accidents in chemical industrial parks

The chemical industry is a major source of various pollution accidents. Improving the management level of risk sources for pollution accidents has become an urgentdemand for most industrialized countries. In pollution accidents, the released chemicals harm the receptors to some extentdepending on their sensitivity or susceptibility. Therefore, identifying the potential risk sources from such a large number of chemical enterprises has become pressingly urgent. Based on the simulation of thewhole accident process, a novel and expandable identification method for risk sources causingwater pollution accidents is presented. The newlydeveloped approach, by analyzing and stimulating thewhole process of a pollution accident between sources and receptors, can be applied to identify risk sources, especially on the nationwide scale. Three major types of losses, such as social, economic and ecological losses,were normalized, analyzed and used for overall consequence modeling. A specific case study area, located in a chemical industry park （CIP） along the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province, China,was selected to test the potential of the identification method. The results showed that therewere four risk sources for pollution accidents in this CIP. Aniline leakage in the HS Chemical Plantwould lead to the most serious impact on the surroundingwater environment. This potential accidentwould severelydamage the ecosystem up to3.8 kmdownstream of Yangtze River, and lead to pollution over adistance stretching to 73.7 kmdownstream. The proposed method is easily extended to the nationwide identification of potential risk sources.

Modeling the effects of constructed wetland on nonpoint source pollution control and reservoir water quality improvement

This article describes the integrated modeling approach for planning the size and the operation of constructed wetlands for maximizing retention of nonpoint source pollutant loads and reservoir water-quality improvement at a catchment scale. The experimental field-scale wetland systems （four sets, 0.88 ha each） have been in operation since 2002, where water depth was maintained at 30-50 cm and hydraulic loading rate was at 6.3-18.8 cm/day. The wetland system was found to be adequate for treating polluted stream water with stable removal efficiency even during the winter. The integrated modeling system （modified-BASINS） was applied to the Seokmoon estuarine reservoir watershed and calibrated with monitoring data from constructed wetland, stream, and reservoir. The calibrated integrated modeling system estimated that constructing wetlands on 0.5% （about 114 ha） of the watershed area at the mouth of reservoir could reduce 11.61% and 13.49% of total external nitrogen and phosphorus loads, respectively. It also might improve the nitrogen and phosphorus concentration of the reservoir by 9.69% and 16.48%, respectively. The study suggested that about 0.1%-1.0% of the watershed area should be allocated for constructed wetland to meet specified water-quality standards for the estuarine reservoir at the polder area where land use planning is relatively less complicated.

Study on phosphorus loss and influencing factors in the water source area

Maintaining drinking water security is a global issue,and phosphorus is a limiting factor affecting drinking water quality.Hence,this study took Fushi Reservoir as a test area,and set up field runoff observation plots around the reservoir catchment,which is covered by moso bamboo stands.Through field observation,the vertical variation of phosphorus loss in different stands of moso bamboo was initially studied.The results showed that:(1)For the vertical dimensions(atmospheric rainfall,stemflow,throughfall,surface runoff)from high to low,the loss of total phosphorus(TP)increased,and the pro-portion of dissolved phosphorus increased from 29.29%(atmospheric rainfall)to 62.76%(surface runoff).(2)Different rainfall factors had various impacts on phosphorus loss at the different vertical levels.The accumulation of rainfall had the greatest impact on surface runoff TP loss,with the correlation coefficient reaching 0.994(P<0.01),while surface runoff particulate phosphorus loss was mostly affected by the average rainfall intensity.(3)Modifying the forest structure in water source areas can reduce the loss of TP via stemflow and throughfall,but the effect on surface runoff TP loss is variable.Thus,it is expected that this novel study can serve as a reference for improving the environmental quality of water source areas,and help in reducing phosphorus loss and controlling non-point source pollution.

南水北调中线水源区农田面源污染防治现状分析与对策建议

为进一步明晰当前南水北调中线水源区污染来源,精准开展水源地水质保护,采用2017—2023年长系列水质资料,分析丹江口水库及入库河流水质特征,采用资料收集、文献调研及模型计算等方法,估算总氮、总磷污染负荷组成,采用实证分析方法分析了南水北调中线水源区面源污染治理存在的问题并提出对策建议。结果表明:丹江口水库总体水质良好,整体可达到Ⅱ类水质目标(湖库水质标准),但汛期水量较大时因总磷浓度升高会引起超标断面个数明显增加,以2021年和2023年丹江口水库实现170 m正常蓄水位的年份最为典型,而此时汉江、丹江等主要入库河流水质也下降,由以往Ⅱ类下降为Ⅲ类(河流水质标准)。无论是枯水年、丰水年,农田面源污染均已成为影响丹江口水库水质主导因素,总氮贡献率分别达到85.16%和57.73%,总磷贡献率分别达到77.74%和57.17%。当前水源区农田面源污染治理存在农田面源底数不清、农民减施化肥农药积极性不高、生态产品价值实现机制不顺等问题,迫切需要加强南水北调中线水源区农田面源污染防治。提出建立“天空地”一体化面源污染监测预警体系,研究新型高效生物农药、生物肥料,开展沟塘水系面源阻控体系建设,研究生态产品价值实现机制等对策建议。

引江补汉工程取水口饮用水水源保护区划分

引江补汉工程是南水北调中线工程的后续水源,为保障汉江中下游干流水质安全和湖北省补水区城乡生活供水安全,有必要在工程取水口周边划定饮用水水源保护区。在充分考虑水质保护要求、交通航运、港口建设发展、应急响应需求等因素的基础上,针对三峡调度运行不同水位情况、工程引水代表流量和相应水质条件设计工况情景,基于水动力水质模型计算和应急响应时间估算结果,提出引江补汉工程龙潭溪取水口水源保护区范围建议,为将来保护区划定提供技术支撑。计算结果表明,以龙潭溪取水口为中心划分饮用水水源保护区的径向距离应≥1.3 km。

河池市金城江区城西岩溶水源地砷污染来源及途径

为研究岩溶水源地污染物来源和运移途径,以河池市金城江区城西水厂岩溶水源地为研究区,依据水文地质学分析方法,开展城西水厂砷异常原因调查,利用示踪试验和取样检测等手段,查明砷污染源处于城西水厂水源地准保护区范围外,为三境村砒霜厂旧址及其东面岩溶洼地,并评估出砷污染土层方量为55742.5 m^(3),其污染途径长12.25 km,主要通过岩溶管道,经欧洞地下河污染城西水厂,这进而证实欧洞地下河的另一水源方向。建议调整城西水厂水源地准保护区南部边界,以地下水分水岭为界,并适当增设水质长期监测点,以实施污染源风险管控。

丹江口水库水源区地下水环境调查与评价

丹江口库区是南水北调中线工程的核心水源区,为了持续抓好输水沿线区和受水区的污染防治和生态环境保护工作,运用综合评价分析方法,对水源区的地下水环境进行调查和采样分析。结果表明:①丹江口水库水源区共有20个潜在污染源,其中生活垃圾场共12个,尾矿库共4个,闭坑矿洞废水4个。②126组地下水样品中,Ⅲ类水占比最高,为30%,其次为Ⅱ类水和Ⅳ类水,均占比24.5%,Ⅴ类水占比19%,Ⅰ类水占比最低,仅为2%;重度污染的Ⅴ类水有24组,主要分布在郧阳区和竹山县,郧阳区主要超标指标为硝酸盐、铝等,竹山县主要超标元素为锌;中度污染的Ⅳ类水有31组,主要分布在房县和丹江口市,房县主要超标元素为铁,丹江口市主要超标指标为硝酸盐。③地下水中超标率较高的指标为铁(18.0%)、硝酸盐(12.5%)、铝(11.7%)和锌(10.9%)。研究结果可为该区域生态环境保护提供基础支撑。

集中式饮用水水源地水质状况及污染防治方法探究

本文主要探讨了集中式饮用水水源地的水质状况、污染源、污染防治的重要性以及相应的防治方法和策略。随着工业化和城市化的快速发展,水源地污染问题日益严峻,对人类健康造成了极大威胁。因此,有效的水质污染防治措施对保障人民的饮用水安全至关重要。

水源区生态环保与污染控制分析

本文简要介绍了水源区的生态保护与污染控制,分析水源区存在的一些生态及污染问题,如土地和森林资源遭破坏、生物多样性减少、工业和农业污染、生活污水和垃圾排放等。围绕水源区生态保护区的建设管理、生态环境治理工作的落实、生态补偿机制的完善等,探讨相应的应对策略。

土壤污染对饮用水水源地安全的影响及防控措施研究

本文深入探究了土壤污染对饮用水水源地安全的影响及防控措施。土壤污染对饮用水水源地的影响是多方面的,包括土壤污染物的迁移与渗漏、与地下水的互动以及生物链传递等。本文通过深入了解这些影响机制,提出了防控措施:在管理规范与政策制定方面,强调建立健全法律法规体系和管理机制,加强对污染源的监管;在监测与评估体系建设方面,提出建立全面的监测网络和科学合理的评估方法;在污染源治理与修复技术应用方面,强调采取物理、化学、生物等多种手段对污染源进行治理和土壤修复;在宣传教育与公众参与方面,提倡加强对土壤污染防治知识的宣传普及,促进公众参与环境保护工作。通过这些措施的综合应用,可以有效防控土壤污染,保障饮用水水源地的安全。

水源地微量污染物应急与在线监测技术分析

本文结合某水源地的实际情况,详细分析了先进微量污染物应急在线监测技术的工作原理,重点阐述了各种在线监测技术的应用方法,其中包括对常规水质、微量污染物以及有毒污染物的监测管理,旨在通过新型水质在线监测技术应用,提高水源地水质监测质量和效率,为水源地可持续发展提供有力的技术支持,以期为相关人员提供参考和借鉴。

抚顺市“1号坑”水环境污染状况调查研究

抚顺市是全国第二批资源枯竭型城市之一,本研究选择抚顺市采煤沉陷区1号积水坑污染问题作为研究对象,对水污染特征进行分析和评价,调查水质监测数据超标原因,溯源分析集水坑内的地下涌水、天然降水、生活垃圾、工业废水排放、坑底淤泥等采煤沉陷区污染源,为后续综合治理和整合利用奠定基础。

北京市PM_(2.5)中水溶性有机碳污染特征研究

于2019年的1月1日—12月31日采集了315个细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))样品,用于研究北京大气气溶胶中水溶性有机碳(WSOC)的特点和来源。结果表明:2019年北京城区WSOC平均质量浓度为4.58μg/m^(3),浓度范围为0.50~23.87μg/m^(3)。WSOC的质量浓度呈现了显著的季节差异,按照从大到小的顺序排列依次是冬季>秋季>春季>夏季。相关性分析结果表明在夏、秋季受到一次源和二次源的共同影响,而在春、冬季受到一次源的影响更大,在夏、秋季二次源影响高于春、冬季。在冬季WSOC受到燃煤的影响。

水源地土壤污染监测技术创新与环境综合防控措施探究

本文探讨了水源地土壤污染监测技术的创新以及环境综合治理措施。首先深入探讨水源地土壤污染原因及其对水质的影响。然后讨论了各种土壤污染监测技术,包括遥感应用、实时监测的物联网设备和地理空间分析工具。最后还探讨了环境控制措施,例如监管框架、加强公众意识教育、土壤处理方法、恢复项目。通过采取这些综合技术和措施,就可以有效应对土壤污染挑战、保护水资源,并促进环境的可持续性。

盐城市滨海县城区区域枯水期水环境质量调查分析

笔者采用单因子评价法分析与评价枯水期滨海县城区及开发区工业园区范围水质污染特征和现状。调查范围面积约50.8 km^(2),包括主要河道、城市内河、开发区工业园区内部河道及周边支流。调查区域内地表水水质呈重度污染状况,主要原因为时值枯水期,水体长期滞留,在无充足水源补充的情况下,由于环境基础设施建设滞后,区域内生活污染物和工业污染物不断入河导致地表水污染日益加重。该评价结果能为滨海县水环境保护和科学治理提供依据。