Advances in Microbial Remediation on the Application of Heavy Metal Pollution in Agricultural Water Resources

Heavy metal pollution in agricultural water resources is very serious in re- cent years, resulting in large losses of the agricultural economy and endangering human life and health. Due to the advantages of low cost, high efficiency and less secondary pollution, microbial ramediation technology is widely used in the treatment of heavy metal pollution in agricultural water resources. At present, with the progress of modern biotechnology, microbial remediation of heavy metals in agricul- tural water resources has grown rapidly. The sources and status quo of heavy met- al pollution in agricultural water resources at home and aboard, and the principles of microbial remediation of heavy metals pollution in agricultural water resources were reviewed in this paper, as well as the several common microbial remediation technology of heavy metals in agricultural water resources. Additionally, the further research work of heavy metal contaminated agricultural water resources by microbial ramediation were prospected.

Characteristics and Source Analysis of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution in a Mining Area

It is of great significance to study the degree and source of soil heavy metal pollution in geological high background value area for remediation of local contaminated soil. The 0 - 20 cm topsoil was taken around the mining area, and the contents of Pb, Zn, Ni, Cd, Hg, Cu and As in the soil were measured. Single-factor pollution index, Nemeiro comprehensive pollution index and potential ecological risk index were used to evaluate the degree of heavy metal pollution and ecological risk. Finally, multivariate statistical analysis was used to analyze the sources of soil heavy metals. The results show that the measured elements are polluted to different degrees, mainly due to the ecological environment problems caused by extensive mining development methods and inefficient utilization of resources. The key link is the release of pollutants at the source. Effectively blocking the release at the source can cut off the possibility of pollutants entering the food chain and the circulation of materials in the ecosystem. The results of potential ecological risk index showed that the potential ecological damage of seven heavy metals was ranked as follows: Cd (97.67) > Hg (68.97) > As (14.29) > Pb (11.55) > Ni (4.62) > Zn (1.61) > Cu (1.45) had a high ecological risk coefficient, and the potential comprehensive ecological risk index was 200.16 and the degree was medium. Principal component analysis shows that the sources of heavy metals are divided into Pb, Cd, As, Zn and Hg mainly from human activities such As mining, while Ni and Cu mainly come from soil parent materials, mining and agricultural activities.

HEAVY METAL POLLUTION IN SURFACE SEDIMENTS COLLECTED FROM DRAINAGES RECEIVING DIFFERENT ANTHROPOGENIC SOURCES FROM PENINSULAR MALAYSIA

Surface drainage sediments were collected, between January and April in 2005, from 6 sampling sites in Peninsular Malaysia suspected to have received different anthropogenic sources. These drainages included sites near a petrochemical plant, an electronic factory, a metal factory and 2 townships in addition to a relatively unpolluted site (a reference site). Based on the aqua-regia method, the metal concentrations for all the sampling sites except for the agricultural site (reference site) at Sg. Benut were between 60.92-1 019 μg/g dry weight for copper (Cu), 65.32-1 266.6μg/g dry weight for plumbum (Pb), 1.46-15.93 μg/g dry weight for cadmium (Cd), 330.10-484.14 μg/g dry weight for zinc (Zn) and 47.03-120.90 μg/g dry weight for nickel (Ni). All of these ranges were significantly (p< 0.05) higher than those (Cu: 8.77 μg/g; Pb: 57.42 μg/g; Cd: 0.96 μg/g; Zn: 68.21 μg/g; and Ni: 17.87 μg/g) of the reference site at Sg. Benut that only received agricultural disposal. The concentrations for the 5 metals from all the sites (except for the reference site) were higher than the Sediment Quality Values for Hong Kong by Chapman et al (1999) for the 5 metals. Based on the sequential extraction technique, 3 geochemical fractions [easily, freely leachable and exchangeable (EFLE), acid-reducible and oxidisable-organic] were also useful in identifying these polluted sites. The elevated metal concentrations found in the sediments might be related to point sources of industrial effluent and urban waste. Hence, the results emphasized the necessity for the treatment of effluents into this drainage area. As part of the effort to control illegal discharges and dumping into drainages, public awareness should be enhanced.

Heavy metal contamination of urban topsoil in a petrochemical industrial city in Xinjiang, China

Heavy metal pollution is a widespread phenomenon in many countries of the world. In this study, we conducted a field investigation to assess the status of heavy metal pollution in urban soils of Dushanzi, a district of Karamay city in Xinjiang, China. A total of 56 soil samples in the topsoil layer of 0-15 cm were collected within the urban area and seven elements （Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Cr, As and Ni） were analyzed. The mean concentrations of these metals were all higher than their corresponding background values of soils in Xinjiang. We used the pollution index and ecological risk index to assess the degree of heavy metal pollution and the potential ecological risk of urban soils. The pollution index values of Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Cr, As and Ni were 1.81, 1.35, 4.64, 1.27, 1.80, 1.39 and 1.22, respectively; and the potential ecological risk index values for them were 12.03, 1.79, 185.05, 8.39, 4.78, 18.44 and 1.79, respectively. These results indicated that urban soils in Dushanzi were polluted by heavy metals to some extent and demonstrated a high ecological risk, as influenced by industrial activities. Cd was the key element for the metal pollution of urban soils in the study area. Correlation analyses, principal component analysis coupled with the spatial distribution maps of element concentrations further soils can be mainly attributed to petrochemical commercial activities. revealed that heavy metal pollution of urban ndustry, coal chemical industry, traffic and

Determination of Harmful Elements and Analysis of Pollution Level in Lysimachia christinae

[Objectives]To detect content of Pb,Cd,Hg,As,Cu,Zn,and Cr in Lysimachia christinae,and to analyze the pollution level.[Methods]Seven kinds of elements in L.christinae were determined by Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and analyzed by single index and comprehensive index.[Results]The seven heavy metal elements showed good linearity in their respective concentration ranges.The recoveries of the samples were 84.5%-109.5%,and the RSD values were 2.30%-5.10%.Comparing the measured results of heavy metal elements with the limit values stipulated in the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and other standards,the Cr element in 19 batches of samples exceeded the standard,and the Zn element in 7 batches of samples exceeded the standard.The exceeding rates were 100.0%and 36.8%,respectively;the content of other heavy metal elements did not exceed the standard.The order of individual index from large to small was Cr,Zn,Cd,Hg,Cu,As,and Pb,and the average comprehensive pollution level was mild pollution and above.[Conclusions]L.christinae was mainly polluted by Cr,followed by Zn;this study can provide basic data for drafting of the limit standard for heavy metal elements in L.christinae.

Heavy metal(loid)s in fruit-growing soils of tropical Hainan Island in China:Pollution,ecological-health risks,spatial assessment,and source analyses

Hainan Island is the most important tropical fruit production area in China.In this study,372 soil samples and corresponding fruit and irrigation water samples were collected from Hainan orchards and analysed to determine the concentrations of six heavy metal(loid)s:Cd,Hg,As,Pb,Cr,and Cu.The pollution status,potential risks,possible sources,and spatial distribution patterns of soil heavy metal(loid)s were comprehensively investigated.The fruit and irrigation water samples had negligible amounts of heavy metal(loid)s,and the potential human health risk for fruit consumers was at a safe level.The heavy metal(loid)concentrations in most soil samples were lower than the national risk screening values.However,significant local accumulation of heavy metal(loid)s,especially Cd,Cr,and Cu,relative to their background values was observed.Moreover,the combined effects of the heavy metal(loid)s only led to a mild pollution level and low ecological risk throughout the study area.Noncarcinogenic risks were not observed among the local residents,and carcinogenic risks were within an acceptable range.The acidic soil in the study area increased the risk of soil Cd pollution,and organic matter affected the distribution of the tested metal(loid)s in the soil.Uncommon geogenic sources with high background values were the sources of Cr and Cu,anthropogenic activities primarily led to Cd,Pb,and As contamination,and a combination of anthropogenic and natural sources was responsible for Hg emissions.The research suggested that appropriate strategies must be implemented to track and reduce soil heavy metal contaminants in the northern and western region of the Hainan orchard area.The results can provide valuable information for policies on pollution prevention and management,the environment,and human health protection in the study region.

Heavy Metal Distribution in A vicennia Marina from Sonmiani, Pakistan Coast

The accumulation of heavy metals in the Avicennia marina was studied in the Bhira village mangrove forest, Miani Hor Balochistan, Pakistan. Samples of leaves, stem and roots were collected randomly from the selected specie （Avicennia marina）. The study site is receiving continuous amount of heavy metals from effluent and discharge of different sources. The concentrations of heavy metals was in decreasing order Fe 〉 Cd 〉 Pb 〉 Hg in all three parts （leaves, stem and roots） of the Avicennia marina. The average concentration of Fe was 6.45 μg/g, Cd 0.97μg/g, and Pb 0.71μg/g, in mangrove plant Avicennia marina. The situation reflects the needs for continuous monitoring of the heavy metals in the mangrove plant forest.

长江下游干流沉积物重金属特征及生态风险评价

【研究目的】长江下游干流沿岸分布众多取水口,为保障用水安全和生态环境健康,亟需了解近岸沉积物中重金属相关现状。【研究方法】调查过程中自上而下分左右岸共采集沉积物样品85组,利用描述统计分析重金属含量特征,综合相关性分析和主成分分析探讨重金属来源,采用地累积指数法、污染负荷法分析重金属污染程度,并评估其潜在生态风险。【研究结果】平均含量由高至低为Zn>Cr>Cu>Ni>Pb>As>Cd;上游至下游,Cu、Zn、Cr、Ni呈小幅波动增加趋势,As、Pb呈小幅波动下降趋势,Cd呈较大波动下降趋势;Cd的污染程度最重,主要来源于农业生产等人类活动,1~4级污染分别占比1.18%、1.18%、18.82%和34.12%,Cr和Ni为无污染,主要是工业生产源和地球化学自然源;中等污染程度(1≤PLI_(point)<2)的样点占比34.18%,潜在生态风险指数(RI)为19.48~388.62,轻微潜在生态风险、中等潜在生态风险、强潜在生态风险和极强潜在生态风险占比分别为38.82%、42.35%、17.65%和1.18%。【结论】长江下游干流沉积物中重金属含量较低,流域整体处于轻微—中等风险的无污染状态(PLI_(area)<1),右岸重金属平均含量、污染程度和潜在生态风险均普遍高于左岸。

安徽矾矿土壤重金属污染源解析模型对比与优选

矿区资源开采导致土壤污染日益严重,直接影响周边土壤、水体环境的稳定性,精准预测重金属污染源解析对矿山修复、治理具有重要指导作用。在前期研究基础上,为提升土壤介质模型的解释度,进一步选取了土壤重金属源解析评价中成熟度高且精准性好的正定矩阵因子分析法(positive matrix factorization, PMF)及绝对因子分析-多元线性回归(absolute factor analysis-multiple linear regression, APCS-MLR)模型,以充实前期UNMIX多元受体模型分析矾矿土壤重金属污染来源及源贡献率的结果,结合生态风险评价方法,对比定量条件下最适宜解析研究区域源的模型。结果表明:1)生态高风险区域主要集中在研究区南部和东部,Cd是矿山主要风险元素,地累积指数(index of geoaccumulation)均值3.75与潜在生态风险指数(potential ecological risk index)均值731.22解析结果高度一致,但潜在生态危害指数的结果综合性更好。2)对比3种模型的污染源解析结果,PMF模型解析出4个污染源:分别为燃煤源、自然-交通综合源、自然源和大气沉降源,源贡献率分别为38.15%、20.62%、24.28%、16.95%。3)PMF模型的总体变量拟合优度R2达到了0.96,拟合效果最好。PMF模型模拟数据会集中采样点误差,确定最适污染源数目及相应污染物贡献率,使得源解析结果更精准,更适用于复杂的矿山污染土壤情况,符合实际研究情况。该研究结果可为后续矿区开采后污染土壤的修复治理工作提供溯源依据参考。

Status, Distribution and Ecological Risk Assessment of Persistent Toxic Substances in Suburban Agricultural Soils in Hohhot City, North China

A total of 52 soil samples of Hohhot City were collected and four heavy metals and eight organochlorine pesticides were analyzed. The results showed that Cr, Cu, Zn, and Pb in soil were in range of 20.54 - 48.15 mg/kg, 40.10 - 94.60 mg/kg, 35.14 - 110.48 mg/kg, 38.86g - 245.36 mg/kg, with a mean value of 37.24 mg/kg, 60.76 mg/kg, 80.49 mg/kg, and 145.99 mg/kg, respectively. The high degree of variation of Pb, Zn, and Cu, reflected that the heavy metals were mainly interfered by human factors. The content values of ∑DDTs ranged from 5.01 ng/g to 105.08 ng/g with a mean of 36.94 ng/g, while the ∑HCHs ranged from 6.52 ng/g to 48.65 ng/g with an average of 23.29 ng/g, indicated that DDTs were highly used than HCHs in the study area. The relatively low α-HCH/γ-HCH ratio and relatively high o,p’-DDT/p,p’-DDT ratio indicated the application of lindane and dicofol on regional agricultural soil. The mean Igeo values was Pb (2.9) > Cu (1.5) > Cr (-0.31) > Zn (-0.35), revealing that the soil in Hohhot City was not polluted by Cr and Zn (Igeo 0), moderate polluted by Cu (1 Igeo 2), moderate to heavy pollution by Pb (2 Igeo 3). The range of potential ecological risk index of metals was from 35.02 to 132.96, indicating low to moderate potential ecological risk. HCHs in all soil samples were less than 50 ng/g, which could be considered as unpolluted, while DDTs in several samples were between 50 and 500 ng/g, which could be regarded as having low pollution.

铅、锌、镉同位素示踪技术在沉积物重金属污染源解析中的应用:综述与展望

沉积物重金属污染防治的关键在于识别其污染源,采用铅、锌、镉多元同位素示踪技术是对其进行污染源解析的最佳手段之一。铅同位素示踪技术较为成熟且应用广泛,锌和镉同位素示踪技术作为新兴技术,在重金属污染源解析研究中可作为有力补充。本文系统概述了Pb-Zn-Cd同位素的示踪机理、组成特征及其在沉积物重金属污染溯源中的应用,提出未来研究工作的重点是采用多元同位素示踪技术,并结合沉积物形态中重金属稳定同位素的组成示踪污染源。

大连市农地土壤重金属污染及潜在风险评价

我国的耕地土壤重金属污染越来越严重,进行区域土壤重金属污染评价对于制定土壤重金属污染防治政策具有重要意义.旨在探究大连市典型农地土壤重金属污染状况,调查大连市农地表层土壤中的镍(Ni)、铬(Cr)、锌(Zn)、铜(Cu)、铅(Pb)、汞(Hg)和锰(Mn)7种重金属元素的含量,并定量评价研究区土壤重金属污染水平.研究选择大连市典型农地样地,等间距采集土壤表层样品,采用单因子指数法、内梅罗指数法和潜在生态风险指数法对研究区土壤样品进行污染状况评价和环境风险评价,以期为大连市农地土壤重金属污染的有效防治和农产品的安全健康生产提供科学依据.结果显示:①土壤样品中镍(Ni)、铬(Cr)、锌(Zn)、铜(Cu)、铅(Pb)的元素含量平均值分别为84.74、156.56、89.71、46.74和53.23mg/kg,均符合《土壤环境质量标准》(GB15618—1995)二级标准;②Hg的变异系数>0.5,污染源为点源污染,推测为人类活动导致;③单因子指数法表明Ni的富集作用最为严重,结合研究区实际情况推测其来源为人为源.内梅罗指数表明大连市土壤存在轻度污染.潜在生态风险指数表明大连市农地土壤存在轻微危害.④大连市农地土壤污染状况相对较轻,土壤质量总体水平较高,但仍需要采取相关措施防止重金属的富集,减少重金属对大连市农地土壤的负面影响.

Research progress of heavy metal pollution in China:Sources,analytical methods,status,and toxicity

Heavy metal pollution is one of the most serious environmental problems in China and a large number of people are threatened by heavy metal pollution.Extensive damage to human organs,such as liver,kidney,digestion system,and nervous system can be caused by uptake of excess heavy metals.Heavy metals in the environment can originate from both natural and anthropogenic sources.Although contamination of heavy metals has been known to be a severe environmental problem for decades,it is still getting worse in recent years and there are few feasible approaches to resolve this problem.Due to their high toxicity,prevalent existence and persistence in the environment,lead(Pb),mercury(Hg),cadmium(Cd),chromium(Cr) and arsenic(As) are commonly considered as the priority heavy metals which should be concerned and their emission should be controlled in China.This paper reviewed the pollution of heavy metals in China,focusing on the following four aspects:current status of heavy metal pollution in China,sources of heavy metals in China,toxicity and potential risk,and possible reduction strategies.

西北某重工业区降尘重金属污染特征及源解析

为探究西北地区某重工业区典型气象下大气降尘重金属的污染特征及污染来源,作者采集研究区域内18个点位共54份有效降尘样品,分析了样品中重金属含量特征及空间分布特征,采用富集因子法和潜在生态风险指数法对研究区内重金属污染特征进行评估,并结合相关性分析和正定矩阵因子分析模型(PMF)解析了重金属污染来源。结果表明,采样期间研究区域内大气降尘中重金属Cd、Cr、Co、As、Mn、Ni、Cu、Pb、Zn的平均含量分别为118.05、931.69、20.53、905.29、1478.96、784.27、1012.10、3162.23和5751.61 mg/kg,均高于甘肃省土壤背景值;此外,空间污染特征上表现为工业区>城郊区>居民区的趋势,污染程度特征上表现为各功能区中从Cd、As、Pb、Ni、Cu和Zn的污染富集程度高,As、Cd和Co的潜在生态风险较大;重金属来源解析结果表明,大气降尘中重金属主要来源于土壤扬尘源(37.7%)、冶金工业源(31.2%)、工业加工混合源(13.5%)、交通源(10.1%)和燃煤源(7.6%)。

北京城区秋季不同高度积尘中微量元素污染特征及源解析

为研究北京市城区大气积尘中微量元素在不同高度下的污染特征及来源,于2021年9—11月采集了积尘样品,用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪ICP-MS(8800)分析了11种重金属元素(Mn、Zn、Cu、Cr、Pb、V、Ni、As、Co、Mo、Cd)和14种稀土元素,采用地累积指数法、富集因子法、配分模式图和主成分分析法对其进行污染特征和来源分析.结果表明,11种重金属元素的浓度从低层至中层逐渐升高,低层与高层浓度相差不大,Zn元素浓度从中层至高层呈上升趋势,在高层出现最大值584.3 mg·kg^(−1),而V、Mn、Ni、Cu等元素浓度从中层至高层降低,14种稀土元素浓度均在中层最低,其浓度在所有高度下均未超出环境背景值.地累积指数结果表明,Cd元素在中层污染最为严重,污染等级为4级,Zn元素在高层污染最为严重,污染等级为2级,而As、Mn、Mo、Co、V污染程度均为无污染,但相对于低层与高层,中层污染指数较高.通过富集因子、配分模式图和主成分分析结果显示,14种稀土元素来源为自然源,11种重金属元素来源为地壳源、交通源和燃烧源.

典型有色金属冶炼区重金属污染特征及生态风险评价

为分析我国典型有色金属冶炼区重金属污染特征,全面了解其潜在生态风险和重金属污染来源,以云南省会泽县者海镇典型有色金属冶炼区为例,通过野外实地采样和室内重金属含量检测分析,运用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法、潜在生态风险指数法、水质指数评价法、相关性和主成分分析法,对土壤、河道底泥和河道水质中Cd、Hg、As、Pb、Cr、Cu、Ni和Zn 8种重金属元素进行污染特征和潜在生态风险评价,并解析其来源。结果表明:研究区土壤和底泥的内梅罗综合污染指数(PN)平均值分别为84.1和215.5,均处于重度污染水平,重金属综合潜在生态危害风险指数(RI)平均值分别为3562.3和8907.0,均处于极高风险水平。研究区土壤和底泥中所有重金属元素含量均存在超过云南省土壤背景值的情况,并显著高于国家农用地土壤污染风险筛选值。其中,Cd是污染最严重的元素,土壤和底泥中Cd含量分别是国家农用地土壤污染风险管制值的8.2倍和15.8倍,其对土壤和底泥的RI贡献率分别达到94.34%和96.78%,应重点关注。研究区河道水质等级处于良好至很差水平,分别有56.25%和6.25%的采样点水体中Ni和Zn超过Ⅲ类水限值,其他重金属元素均未超标。研究区土壤以及底泥中Cd、Hg、As、Pb、Cu和Zn主要来源于当地矿业污染,Cr和Ni主要来源于燃料燃烧。总体来看,研究区Cd污染严重,存在极高的潜在风险,应采取安全利用和修复等措施降低其风险水平。

基于多元统计方法的东洞庭湖沉积物重金属时空分布特征与来源变化

流域上游矿山开采和重金属冶炼等人类活动的影响使得洞庭湖水域重金属污染问题严重,制约了该区域社会经济的可持续发展.针对近100年来洞庭湖重金属污染不明的现状,本研究以东洞庭湖为研究对象,结合放射性核素210Pb定年技术,分析沉积物中7种重金属(As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Mn、Pb、Zn)的时空分布特征,并采用主成分分析方法,解析重金属污染物的来源.研究结果表明,近100年来东洞庭湖存在As、Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn污染情况.其中As的平均含量较高,在东洞庭湖自然保护区(DDTH)下层均值达184.05 mg·kg^(-1);除鹿角(LJ)下层,Mn元素平均含量均高于洞庭湖背景值,对其需引起重视.重金属含量在垂向上变幅较大,且沉积过程大体可分为3个阶段(1937年前;1937—1978年;1978—2020年).源解析结果表明,早期的东洞庭湖沉积物重金属污染主要来自“采矿源”;中期主要受到“工业源”、“农业源”及“交通源”的共同影响;而近期为多种污染源共同支配形成的“混合源”.本研究结果进一步明确了湖泊沉积物重金属的空间分布特征以及污染历史的演化过程,为湖泊环境管理提供理论支撑.

黄河流域渭河支流泾河(崆峒段)河流表层沉积物重金属溯源解析

河流沉积物重金属污染问题日益突出,严重威胁流域生态系统健康。以黄河流域泾河崆峒段为研究区,采集91个河流表层沉积物样品,测定并分析沉积物As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn共8项重金属元素含量及其空间分布特征。采用地累积指数(I_(geo))和污染负荷指数(PLI)系统量化重金属污染特征,并联合应用自组织神经网络(SOM)模型、相关性分析和正定矩阵因子分解(PMF)模型定量解析沉积物重金属污染来源及其贡献率。结果表明:泾河崆峒段河流表层沉积物重金属含量的平均值高低依次为Cr(65.66 mg/kg)>Zn(55.63 mg/kg)>Ni(21.78 mg/kg)>Pb(17.50 mg/kg)>Cu(14.07 mg/kg)>As(10.94 mg/kg)>Cd(0.19 mg/kg)>Hg(0.032 mg/kg)。除Cd和Hg外,As、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn含量的均值均低于甘肃省土壤背景值和黄土高原土壤背景值,且As、Cd和Cr含量的均值分别是中国水系沉积物背景值的1.22、1.46和1.22倍。沉积物重金属含量空间分布具有明显的差异性,所有元素高含量和污染相对较重的区域均分布于人类活动强烈和入河口周边流域,且Hg的空间异质性最强。Cd是泾河崆峒段亟需关注的首要污染元素,Hg、Pb、Cr和Zn存在局部污染,Cu、Ni和As为清洁无污染。沉积物重金属的富集可能受污水交通源、农业源、金属冶炼加工源、电镀制造工业源和自然源的共同影响,贡献率依次为33.33%、27.21%、11.02%、15.49%和12.95%。

不同空气质量下河南主要城市冬季PM_(2.5)中重金属污染特征、来源解析及健康风险评价

为研究不同大气污染水平条件下河南区域PM_(2.5)及其载带金属的浓度特征、来源和健康风险,于2020年12月在河南7个主要城市(郑州市、洛阳市、信阳市、安阳市、新乡市、商丘市、许昌市)采集PM_(2.5)样品,测定并分析了元素Cu、Zn、Pb、Se、Mn、Fe、As、Mo、Ni、Cd、Al.结果表明,PM_(2.5)中的重金属浓度峰值集中在轻度和中度污染空气质量条件,平均浓度顺序Zn>Fe>Al>Mn>Pb>Cu>As>Se>Mo>Cd>Ni.Zn和Fe平均质量浓度分别为118.92 ng·m^(-3)和52.88 ng·m^(-3),两者之和占重金属总浓度的65.88%.重金属富集因子变化趋势与浓度变化趋势相同,Cd元素的富集因子最高(>10),表明主要受人为活动影响.重金属元素的主要污染源为燃烧源和交通源.健康风险评估显示,所有空气质量条件下均为成年男性的致癌风险最大,儿童的非致癌风险最大.空气质量条件为优时,Mo对暴露于环境中1 h的成年男性和成年女性具有潜在致癌风险.