Pollution-free Production Technology of Linshu Sweet Potato

This paper elaborated the quality characteristics,nutritional value and specific production area of Linshu sweet potato.Besides,it summarized the pollution-free production technology of Linshu sweet potato from the aspects of origin selection,variety selection,production management,harvest and storage,so as to guide the normalization and standardization of production technology,improve production and quality,and further enhance the brand awareness of Linshu sweet potato in both the national and international markets.

Effect of Inorganic and Organic Fertilizers on Growth and Yield of Two Industrial Potato Varieties (Asterix and Courage) in Bangladesh

Potato is one of the most important vegetable crops, which contributes more than half of the total vegetable production in Bangladesh. Four field experiments were conducted in two different locations in Bangladesh to develop integrated nutrient management practices to produce quality potato seed in industrial processing varieties Asterix and Courage. For the inorganic trial, Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) including 2 potato varieties, 5 treatments with 4 replications, and in the organic fertilizer trial, Factorial RCBD including 2 potato varieties, 6 treatments with 4 replications were used. In the inorganic fertilizer trail, the highest yield was obtained in the variety Asterix due to Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, and Sulfur (NPKS) plus Magnesium treated plot in Domar BADC farm and due to NPKS plus Boron, Zinc, and Magnesium treated plots in Kashimpur Farm. In the case of variety Courage, the highest yield was found in the treatment of NPKS plus Zinc in Domar BADC farm while in Kashimpur farm, NPKS plus Mg treated plots had the highest yield of potato variety-Courage. In the organic fertilizer trail, the highest tuber yield per hill was obtained by applying the government-approved commercial brand Northern organic fertilizer in variety Asterix and by organic fertilizer brand Chook Chook in variety Courage. Parameters such as days to tuber initiation, number of stems per hill, plant height, and number of tubers per hill were found statistically different among the treatments and between the two varieties. Treatments namely Northern organic fertilizer and Cowdung combined with mustard oil cake performed better considering standard grade tuber yield (grade A and B) compared to other treatments. Hence, the combination of NPKS MgZn and either Northern organic or Chook Chook or Cowdung plus mustard oil cake could be used to grow the varieties Asterix and Courage.

Metabolic profiles and morphological characteristics of leaf tips among different sweet potato(Ipomoea batatas Lam.)varieties

Sweet potato leaf tips have high nutritional value,and exploring the differences in the metabolic profiles of leaf tips among different sweet potato varieties can provide information to improve their qualities.In this study,a UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS-based untargeted metabolomics method was used to evaluate the metabolites in leaf tips of 32 sweet potato varieties.Three varieties with distinct overall metabolic profiles(A01,A02,and A03),two varieties with distinct profiles of phenolic acids(A20 and A18),and three varieties with distinct profiles of flavonoids(A05,A12,and A16)were identified.In addition,a total of 163 and 29 differentially expressed metabolites correlated with the color and leaf shape of sweet potato leaf tips,respectively,were identified through morphological characterization.Group comparison analysis of the phenotypic traits and a metabolite-phenotypic trait correlation analysis indicated that the color differences of sweet potato leaf tips were markedly associated with flavonoids.Also,the level of polyphenols was correlated with the leaf shape of sweet potato leaf tips,with lobed leaf types having higher levels of polyphenols than the entire leaf types.The findings on the metabolic profiles and differentially expressed metabolites associated with the morphology of sweet potato leaf tips can provide useful information for breeding sweet potato varieties with higher nutritional value.

Evidence of active oviposition avoidance to systemically applied imidacloprid in the Colorado potato beetle

Agricultural pests can develop behavioral resistance to insecticides by choosing to feed or oviposit on insecticide-free hosts.As young larvae have relatively low mobility,oviposition preferences from female adults may play a critical role in shaping the evolu-tionary trajectory of pest populations.While oviposition avoidance of insecticide-treated hosts was found in different agriculture pests,it remains unclear whether female adults actively choose to occupy insecticide-free hosts.To address this question,we investigated feeding and oviposition preferences between imidacloprid-treated and imidacloprid-free plants in the Colorado potato beetle,Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say,a major potato pest.We performed behavioral choice assays on two strains that differed in both fecundity and insecticide resistance.We found that one strain preferred to feed on the insecticide-free plants and that this preference is not innate.Meanwhile,the other strain chose plants for feeding and oviposition randomly.Further analyses of the moving patterns of the beetles suggested that the oviposition preference in the first strain is likely due to active learning.

Highβ-sitosterol-D-glucoside content in sweet potato varieties and its anti-breast cancer potential through multiple metastasis-associated signals

β-Sitosterol-D-glucoside(β-SDG)is a phytosterol compound whose antitumor activity has been confirmed by previous studies.However,its suppression on breast cancer remains unclear.To that purpose,we isolatedβ-SDG from sweet potato and investigated the breast-cancer-inhibiting mechanism using proteomic analysis.The sweet potato species S6 with highβ-SDG content were chosen form 36 species andβ-SDG was isolated by HPLC.Afterwards,an in situ animal model of breast cancer was established,andβ-SDG significantly reduced the tumor volume of MCF-7 xenograft mice.Proteomic analysis of tumor tissues revealed that 127 of these proteins were upregulated and 80 were downregulated.Gene ontology and network analysis showed that regulatory proteins were mainly associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT),myogenesis,cholesterol homeostasis,oxidative phosphorylation and reactive oxygen pathways,while Vimentin,NDUF,VDAC1,PPP2CA and SNx9 were the most significant 5 node degree genes.Meanwhile,in vitro and in vivo results showed that the protein expression of PPP2CA and Vimentin,which are markers of EMT,were involved in breast cancer cell metastasis and could be reversed byβ-SDG.This work highlightsβ-SDG as a bioactive compound in sweet potato and the potential therapeutic effect ofβ-SDG for the treatment of breast cancer by inhibiting metastasis.

Effect of Size and Initial Water Content on the Effective Diffusion Coefficient during Convective Drying of Sweet Potato Cut into Cubic and Cylindrical Shapes

In this article, we investigated the influence of size and initial water content on the effective diffusion coefficient of sweet potatoes samples cut into cubic and cylindrical shapes. The sizes of the cubic samples are 0.5, 1, 1.5, 1.75, 2, 2.5 and 3 cm edge with a respective initial water content of 2.7, 3.76, 3.48, 2.68, 3.28, 2.17 and 2.29 kg/kgms. For cylindrical samples, the radius is set at 0.5 cm and sample heights are 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5 and 4 cm with respective water contents of 2.2, 3.19, 2.85, 2.1, 2.17, 2.39 and 2.03 kg/kgms. The effective diffusion coefficients of cubic samples are of the order of 10−10 and 10−9 m2∙s−1 grew with sample edge. As for the cylindrical samples, the effective diffusion coefficients were of the order of 10−9 m2∙s−1 and there was no linear correlation between cylinder height and their effective diffusion coefficient. As for the examination of the initial water content on the effective diffusion coefficient, it turned out that the initial water content had no influence on the effective diffusion coefficient of the sweet potato samples.

Influence of Sanitization Process on Maintaining Sweet Potato Quality for Export

The whole cold-chain for exporting sweet potato(native variety“Abees”),to foreign market included immediate curing operation directly after harvest helped in healing skin texture,however,in order to reduce postharvest soft rot(Rhizopus stolonifer)incidence following trimming,and washing,ultraviolet light(UV-C)treatment was used as a main sanitizer for eliminating the soft rot.Exposure of the roots to UV-C(254 nm)was applied in a UV-C room on freshly harvested and cured sweet potato while rolling up on a movable line at 20 cm distance for 1,2,and 3 hr.As combining UV-C treatment with chlorine(200 ppm)on roots,marked and significant reduction of the total microbial load and Rhizopus potential was achieved on root surfaces respectively compared with chlorine alone.It also reduced soft rot percentage to almost 0%infection.After 3 months of cold-storage,quality assessment of sweet potato showed that root characteristics were markedly maintained.The ability of UV-C light to induce phenylalanine ammonia lyase(PAL)enzyme activity in root tissue and maintain the activities of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase,however with slight increase,was detected.UV-C caused an increase of phenol content in sweet potato tissue that made an activation of defense reaction against the rot causal pathogen.As the exposure time to UV-C light increased,a higher content of phenols occurred.Moreover,UV-C application caused decrease in sugar content of root tissue that is flavored by soft rot-causal pathogen.

Targeting Cancers: Uncovering the Potential Roles of Potato Tissue Culture as Anti-Cancer Agents - A Secondary Publication

Plant tissue culture is a technique that enhances the quality and quantity of potatoes. Potatoes are a significant crop and are primarily used in the world. It is a staple food in many countries, where millions of tonnes are produced annually. It is an essential source of many nutrients, such as proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and beta-carotene. In addition, potatoes are being used as therapeutic agents against cancer and other human diseases as well. Potatoes are on the third list after wheat and rice. To overcome food shortages and malnutrition, there are two methods used for producing potatoes: the first is sexual, which is seed propagation, and the second is asexual, which is plant tissue culture propagation. Conventional potato breeding is a uniform method, but it is unsafe because there is a risk of pathogen attack. In a laboratory setting, the tissue culture of potatoes produced millions of plants with nutrient-rich medium under controlled environmental conditions that prevent pest attacks. Some environmental stresses, such as salinity and water scarcity, affect potato yield and production;however, applying nanoparticles like organic, inorganic, and silicon dioxide enhances potato quality and combats stress. Biotechnology has proven to be helpful in addressing all these issues. This review discusses the significance of potatoes, their production through the tissue culture technique, and the application of nanoparticles to improve the growth, and impact of potatoes on human health.

Review on the Pollution-free,Green and Organic Vegetables

This article reviews the concepts, origin and development of pollution-free, green and organic vegetables; then discusses the certification methods, production standard and development orientation of them, which has greatly directive significance for vegetable production and consumption.

Detection of Cyanide in Pollution-free Livestock Product Breeding Water by Ion Chromatography

In order to verify the accuracy of ion chromatography for cyanide detection,optimization conditions were studied,and comparison was made for the detection results of cyanide between titration and isonicotinic acid pyrazolone spectrophotometry. The results showed that ion chromatography has good linearity and reproducibility,with the recovery rate of 95%-105% and the limit of detection of 0. 001 mg/L. This method is simple,rapid,safe,selective,and suitable for the determination of cyanide in pollution-free livestock product breeding water.

The transcription factor IbNAC29 positively regulates the carotenoid accumulation in sweet potato

Carotenoid is a tetraterpene pigment beneficial for human health.Although the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway has been extensively studied in plants,relatively little is known about their regulation in sweet potato.Previously,we conducted the transcriptome database of differentially expressed genes between the sweet potato(Ipomoea batatas)cultivar‘Weiduoli’and its high-carotenoid mutant‘HVB-3’.In this study,we selected one of these candidate genes,IbNAC29,for subsequent analyses.IbNAC29 belongs to the plant-specific NAC(NAM,ATAF1/2,and CUC2)transcription factor family.Relative IbNAC29 mRNA level in the HVB-3 storage roots was∼1.71-fold higher than Weiduoli.Additional experiments showed that the contents ofα-carotene,lutein,β-carotene,zeaxanthin,and capsanthin are obviously increased in the storage roots of transgenic sweet potato plants overexpressing IbNAC29.Moreover,the levels of carotenoid biosynthesis genes in transgenic plants were also up-regulated.Nevertheless,yeast one-hybrid assays indicated that IbNAC29 could not directly bind to the promoters of these carotenoid biosynthesis genes.Furthermore,the level of IbSGR1 was down-regulated,whose homologous genes in tomato can negatively regulate carotene accumulation.Yeast three-hybrid analysis revealed that the IbNAC29-IbMYB1R1-IbAITR5 could form a regulatory module.Yeast one-hybrid,electrophoretic mobility shift assay,quantitative PCR analysis of chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that IbAITR5 directly binds to and inhibits the promoter activity of IbSGR1,up-regulating carotenoid biosynthesis gene IbPSY.Taken together,IbNAC29 is a potential candidate gene for the genetic improvement of nutritive value in sweet potato.

Allelopathic Effects of Water Extracts of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas) on Seed Germination of Ageratum conyzoides

Sustainable weed management strategies are essential to reduce chemical and labor inputs. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of water extracts from sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lamarck] on seed germination of Ageratum conyzoides L. under controlled conditions. The aqueous was produced from plant parts i.e., roots, stems, and leaves of sweet potato at concentrations of 0.025, 0.050, 0.075, and 0.100 g·mL-1. The results showed that the plant parts of sweet potato all contained allelopathic substances, which showed high-concentration inhibition and low-concentration promotion of seed germination of A. conyzoides. When the aqueous extract concentrations were 0.050, 0.075, and 0.100 g·mL-1, the germination of A. conyzoides seeds was inhibited, while the germination was promoted at a concentration of 0.025 g·mL-1. This shows that when the planting density of sweet potato is large, it can form an obvious prevention and control effect on A. conyzoides, and thus improve herbicide resistance management.

Physicochemical,rheological and antioxidant profiling of yogurt prepared from non-enzymatically and enzymatically hydrolyzed potato powder under refrigeration

Evidences show that the storage period greatly affects the quality of yogurt.In this study,three types of yogurt:control yogurt(CY),non-hydrolyzed potato powder yogurt(PPY)and enzymatically hydrolyzed potato powder yogurt(EHPPY)were prepared at 42℃ for 5 h and stored for 28 days at 4℃.The yogurts were evaluated for quality characteristics at different storage periods.Negligible differences in pH values,titratable acidities and viable counts were detected in all three types of yogurt during storage.However,compared to other yogurts,EHPPY exhibited desirable water holding capacity,throughout the storage period.Apart from this,sensory properties and antioxidant activities(2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl(DPPH)free radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power(FRAP))of EHPPY were also significantly improved during the storage period.Furthermore,the storage(G’)and loss(G”)modulus of PPY,EHPPY were lower than CY at 4℃ while a hysteresis loop was shown by all yogurts at the temperature range of 4-50℃ indicating higher G’(elasticity)than G”(viscosity).Based on our findings,EHPP could be an important functional ingredient in improving the quality and storage stability of yogurt for its production at an industrial level.

Greenhouse Production Technical Procedure for Pollution-free Food

This procedure specifies production area environment, production technology, prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests, and production files of pollution-free foods by taking tomato as an example. This procedure is applicable to greenhouse production of pollution-free food in Shandong Province.

Occurrence and Pollution-free Control of Apolygus lucorum in Winter Jujube

In recent years, Apolygus htcorum has become the main pest of winter jujube. It sucks juice of young parts of winter jujube and causes falling of buds and flowers, leaf perforations, deformities and fall- off of fruits, leading to serious economic loss. Considering the occurrence characteristics and control problems, the distribution, occurrence regularity, damage characteristics and outbreak reasons of A. lucorum are overviewed and analyzed in this paper, and the pollution-free control measures are also put forward.

Evaluation on Heavy Metal Pollution of Soil in Pollution-free Agricultural Product Bases in Guangxi

Using data of 6 pollution-free agricultural product bases in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,this paper analyzed content of heavy metals,including arsenic(As),mercury(Hg),lead(Pb),cadmium(Cd),and chromium(Cr) in soil.After Pb,Cd,Cr,Hg and As content in soil is determined,it evaluated the pollution of soil using single factor pollution index method and Nemerow synthetic pollution index method in combination with evaluation standard of heavy metals in soil and grading standard for soil pollution.Analysis results indicate that As,Hg,Pb,Cd,Cr content is different in pollution-free agricultural product bases,but all conform to related standards and there is no standard exceeding problem.It is concluded that the quality of soil in pollution-free agricultural product bases is excellent,not polluted and completely meet requirements of evaluation standards,and suitable for developing pollution-free agricultural products.

Analysis on the Factors Influencing Pollution-free Vegetable Production: A Case Study of Shenzhen Huantong Farming Products Co. Ltd.

More than 170 vegetable farmers and vegetable production in 4 vegetable farms of Shenzhen Huantong Farming Products Co.Ltd.were investigated,and the factors affecting the quality of vegetable products were analyzed.The development strategies of pollution-free vegetables,such as strengthening training of vegetable farmers,reducing vegetable farmers’mobility and vegetable brand building,were put forward.

Evolutionary Fixed Potential Agronomic Traits in Polysomic Polyploidy Plants with Special Reference to Potato

It is commonly known that polyploidization has become one of major forces for a speciation and evolution, especially with evolutionary fixed potential agronomic traits in plants. Although several studies demonstrate that allopolyploid plants were successful in developing novel crops, autopolyploid ones are also more substantial and worth exploring. Obviously, autopolyploid development via sexual or asexual pathways can lead to advantages in biomass, changing process of development, and lots of benefits on coping with climate changes do not comprehend as a whole. This review shed light on 1) gaining gigantic effect and increasing phytochemical content;2) enhancing biotic and abiotic tolerance to adapt to climate change;3) changing in process of development;4) adapting ecology. Based on these benefits, this review provides breeders with several choices when they need in the breeding strategies. Also further review on prospects of polyploidy potato in food security is concerned.

StOFP20 regulates tuber shape and interacts with TONNEAU1 Recruiting Motif proteins in potato

The OVATE family proteins(OFPs) are plant-specific proteins that modulate diverse aspects of plant growth and development. In tomato, OFP20 has been shown to interact with TONNEAU1 Recruiting Motif(TRM) proteins to regulate fruit shape. In this study, we demonstrated that the mutation of StOFP20 caused a shift from round to oval shaped tubers in a diploid accession C151, supporting the role of StOFP20 in controlling tuber shape. Its expression reached a maximum in the tuber initiation stage and then decreased as the tuber develops. To help elucidate the mechanism of tuber shape regulation by StOFP20, 27 TONNEAU1 Recruiting Motif(TRM) proteins were identified and 23 of them were successfully amplified in C151. A yeast two-hybrid assay identified three TRM proteins that interacted with StOFP20, which was confirmed by firefly luciferase complementation in tobacco leaves. The OVATE domain was indispensable for the interactions, while the necessity of the M10 motif in TRM proteins varied among the interactions between StOFP20 and the three TRMs. In summary, both StOFP20 and SlOFP20 directed interactions with TRM proteins, but the corresponding interactants were not completely consistent, implying that they exert regulatory roles through mechanisms that are only partially overlapping.

Evaluation of Genetic Divergence in Various Potato Genotypes Grown in Bangladesh through Different Traits Assessment

The goal of the study was to quantify the genetic diversity of different potato varieties. Five groups were named to classify the 25 genres of potatoes as: Cluster I (Lalpakri, Diamond), Cluster II (Hagrai, Green Mountain, G.M.O., Elvera), Cluster III (Atlantic, Shepody, Raja, Fundy, Multa, Granulla, Shibilati, Japanese Red), Cluster IV (Atlas, Brondy, Yucon Gold, Monona, Petrones, Cheroki), and Cluster V (Calwhite, Prelude, Allblue, Russet, Burbank, TPS-67). The highest and lowest genotypes are found in Clusters III and I, respectively. The two groups’ maximum inter-cluster distance (the cluster’s distance between them) demonstrates the enormous diversity between Clusters II & III. Cluster III had the greatest intra-cluster distance (distance within a set), whereas Cluster V had the smallest. In most cases, the distance between gaps was more significant than the distance within the holes, showing greater genetic diversity between different groups’ genotypes. The highest, second highest, and third highest eigenvalues, accompanying the positive canonical values for Vectors I and II of three characteristics: average tuber weight in each plant, the tubers number in each plant, and the eyes number in each tuber, showed the most outstanding contribution to the complete difference between genotypes. Of the nine features, the smaller leaves number in each plant, the shorter plant height, the more minor genotypes, the fewer eyes per tube generated from Cluster I, the maximum height of the plants, the high-quality tubers in each plant, the tubers number in each plant, the fresh weight in each plant, and the leaf number in each plant from Cluster II could be chosen in the role of parents in this program for hybridization. Given the size of the genetic distance, the various characteristics that contribute to the overall difference, and the average population size, Hagrai, Green Mountain, O.M.G., Elvera Cluster II and Cluster I, Lalpakri, and Diamond genotypes can be regarded as parents of hybridization programs in the future. Thus, producers can get guidance to enhance genetic diversity by selecting materials from different relatives and reducing their vulnerability to diseases and climate change.