Neuropathic pain is triggered by the lesions to peripheral nerves which alter their structure and function. Neuroprotective approaches that jimit the pathological changes and improve the behavioral outcome have been w...Neuropathic pain is triggered by the lesions to peripheral nerves which alter their structure and function. Neuroprotective approaches that jimit the pathological changes and improve the behavioral outcome have been well explained in different experimental models of neuropathy but translation of such strategies to clinics has been disappointing. Experimental evidences revealed the role of free radicals, especially per- oxynitrite after the nerve injury. They provoke oxidative DNA damage and consequent over-activation of the poly（ADP-ribose） polymerase （PARP） upregulates pro-inflammatory pathways, causing bioenergetic crisis and neuronal death. Along with these changes, it causes mitochondrial dysfunction leading to neu- ronal apoptosis. In related preclinical studies agents that neutralize the free radicals and pharmacological inhibitors of PARP have shown benefits in treating experimental neuropathy. This article reviews the in- volvement of PARP over-activation in trauma induced neuropathy and therapeutic significance of PARP inhibitors in the experimental neuropathy and neuropathic pain.展开更多
Poly （ADP-ribose） polymerase-1 （PARP-1） can exacerbate ischemic brain injury and lessen ischemic neuronal death, which may be associated with PARP-1 polymorphisms. The present study investigated human PARP-1 gene ...Poly （ADP-ribose） polymerase-1 （PARP-1） can exacerbate ischemic brain injury and lessen ischemic neuronal death, which may be associated with PARP-1 polymorphisms. The present study investigated human PARP-1 gene polymorphisms in various Chinese nationalities, the results of which could potentially help in the treatment and prevention of neurologic diseases. Genetic polymorphisms of seven exons in the PARP-1 gene, in 898 Chinese Han, Buyi, Shui, Miao, and Zhuang subjects, were investigated by PCR-single-strand conformation polymorphism. A single-strand conformation polymorphism variant in exons 12, 13, 16, and 17 of the PARP-1 gene was identified in 148 people, with two stationary bands showing three degenerative single strands. Results showed that the PARP-1 gene polymorphisms exist in various nationalities, and may act as a biomarker for susceptibility to disease.展开更多
探讨PARP抑制剂(PARPi)对XRCC1的表达以及对食管鳞癌(ESCC)放射治疗敏感性的影响。收集接受直线加速器辐照治疗的ESCC患者组织标本,免疫组化法检测其中XRCC1、PARP-1表达,观察其表达对ESCC患者放疗近期疗效的影响。ECA109细胞经AZD2281(...探讨PARP抑制剂(PARPi)对XRCC1的表达以及对食管鳞癌(ESCC)放射治疗敏感性的影响。收集接受直线加速器辐照治疗的ESCC患者组织标本,免疫组化法检测其中XRCC1、PARP-1表达,观察其表达对ESCC患者放疗近期疗效的影响。ECA109细胞经AZD2281(PARP抑制剂)处理后接受加速器辐照,检测PARPi的放疗增敏比(SER)。利用RT-PCR实验检测AZD2281联合辐照后XRCC1mRNA转录情况,探讨PARPi对辐照后ECA109细胞XRCC1mRNA转录的影响。结果发现,XRCC1阳性者放疗的客观有效率(ORR)低于阴性者(38.1%vs.88.9%,p=0.017);PARP-1阳性者放疗的ORR低于阴性者(36.8%vs.81.8%,p=0.026)。AZD2281的浓度为3μmol/L时,联合组的SER=1.744。AZD2281可增强ECA109细胞的辐射损伤作用。辐射后48 h XRCC1mRNA相对表达量明显上升;联合PARPi可抑制辐射诱导的XRCC1mRNA表达上调。本组结果显示,XRCC1、PARP-1高表达者放疗近期疗效较差,放疗可诱导XRCC1基因转录,AZD2281能有效抑制辐射诱导的XRCC1 mRNA表达上调,其可能的机制是PARPi抑制DNA-PKcs进而下调XRCC1表达。该结果提示PARPi可能通过抑制XRCC1表达、减少DNA损伤修复,从而增加ESCC放疗敏感性。展开更多
基金Department of Biotechnology Govt of India,for their financial support to Dr.Ashutosh Kumar via grant BT/527/NE/TBP/2013the financial support from Department of Pharmaceuticals,Ministry of Chemical and Fertilizers and NIPER Hyderabad for their support
文摘Neuropathic pain is triggered by the lesions to peripheral nerves which alter their structure and function. Neuroprotective approaches that jimit the pathological changes and improve the behavioral outcome have been well explained in different experimental models of neuropathy but translation of such strategies to clinics has been disappointing. Experimental evidences revealed the role of free radicals, especially per- oxynitrite after the nerve injury. They provoke oxidative DNA damage and consequent over-activation of the poly（ADP-ribose） polymerase （PARP） upregulates pro-inflammatory pathways, causing bioenergetic crisis and neuronal death. Along with these changes, it causes mitochondrial dysfunction leading to neu- ronal apoptosis. In related preclinical studies agents that neutralize the free radicals and pharmacological inhibitors of PARP have shown benefits in treating experimental neuropathy. This article reviews the in- volvement of PARP over-activation in trauma induced neuropathy and therapeutic significance of PARP inhibitors in the experimental neuropathy and neuropathic pain.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30972500the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, No. 7301507
文摘Poly （ADP-ribose） polymerase-1 （PARP-1） can exacerbate ischemic brain injury and lessen ischemic neuronal death, which may be associated with PARP-1 polymorphisms. The present study investigated human PARP-1 gene polymorphisms in various Chinese nationalities, the results of which could potentially help in the treatment and prevention of neurologic diseases. Genetic polymorphisms of seven exons in the PARP-1 gene, in 898 Chinese Han, Buyi, Shui, Miao, and Zhuang subjects, were investigated by PCR-single-strand conformation polymorphism. A single-strand conformation polymorphism variant in exons 12, 13, 16, and 17 of the PARP-1 gene was identified in 148 people, with two stationary bands showing three degenerative single strands. Results showed that the PARP-1 gene polymorphisms exist in various nationalities, and may act as a biomarker for susceptibility to disease.
基金This work was partly supported by research grants No. 81072703 （to Dr. Yu） from the National Natural Science Foundation, Beijing, P.R. China, a research grant No. 10411951700 （to Dr. Zhang） from Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality, Shanghai, P.R. China.The authors confirm that there are no conflicts of interests.
文摘探讨PARP抑制剂(PARPi)对XRCC1的表达以及对食管鳞癌(ESCC)放射治疗敏感性的影响。收集接受直线加速器辐照治疗的ESCC患者组织标本,免疫组化法检测其中XRCC1、PARP-1表达,观察其表达对ESCC患者放疗近期疗效的影响。ECA109细胞经AZD2281(PARP抑制剂)处理后接受加速器辐照,检测PARPi的放疗增敏比(SER)。利用RT-PCR实验检测AZD2281联合辐照后XRCC1mRNA转录情况,探讨PARPi对辐照后ECA109细胞XRCC1mRNA转录的影响。结果发现,XRCC1阳性者放疗的客观有效率(ORR)低于阴性者(38.1%vs.88.9%,p=0.017);PARP-1阳性者放疗的ORR低于阴性者(36.8%vs.81.8%,p=0.026)。AZD2281的浓度为3μmol/L时,联合组的SER=1.744。AZD2281可增强ECA109细胞的辐射损伤作用。辐射后48 h XRCC1mRNA相对表达量明显上升;联合PARPi可抑制辐射诱导的XRCC1mRNA表达上调。本组结果显示,XRCC1、PARP-1高表达者放疗近期疗效较差,放疗可诱导XRCC1基因转录,AZD2281能有效抑制辐射诱导的XRCC1 mRNA表达上调,其可能的机制是PARPi抑制DNA-PKcs进而下调XRCC1表达。该结果提示PARPi可能通过抑制XRCC1表达、减少DNA损伤修复,从而增加ESCC放疗敏感性。
